REGIS NU643 2021 January Week 10 Quiz Latest (100% Graded)

Week 10

Question 1Problems with selective attention associated with ADHD are hypothetically regulated by the:

 a.anterior cingulate cortex.

 b.orbital frontal cortex.

 c.prefrontal motor cortex.

d.dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Question 2When considering the neuroscience of addiction, which of the following statements is true?

 a.Most addiction is the result of stimulation of serotonergic pathways in the brain.

 b.Compulsive behaviors in the dorsal regions of the brain often precede impulsivity in the ventral regions of the brain.

c.Dopamine pathways are implicated in all substances of abuse.

 d.Glutamate pathways are associated with the reward aspects of substance abuse.

Question 3When considering tonic and phasic firing of dopamine and norepinephrine neurons and ADHD, which of the following statements is true?

 a.Tonic firing of norepinephrine neurons reinforces learning and reward.

 b.Tonic firing of dopamine and norepinephrine neurons is believed to be excessive in ADHD.

c.Stress activates excessive phasic norepinephrine and dopamine firing, possibly leading to the development of impulsivity and inattention.

 d.Phasic firing is not a consideration in the development of ADHD.

Question 4When prescribing guanfacine, the clinician should consider which of the following?

 a.Guanfacine can worsen motor tics.

 b.Rebound hypertension can occur when abruptly stopping guanfacine.

c.If a patient forgets to take their medication for a few days, they should resume their prior dose.

 d.Patients should be advised to take the guanfacine in the morning, as it may contribute to insomnia with qHS dosing.

Question 5When treating ADHD symptoms in the presence of comorbid disorders, which of the following statements is true?

 a.Substance abuse disorders should be treated concurrently with ADHD as ADHD symptoms are likely contributing to use.

 b.ADHD symptoms are more impairing than anxiety and should be prioritized.

 c.Nicotine abstinence will often resolve ADHD symptoms and should be a priority.

 d.Order of treatment should be individualized for the patient.

Question 6Which ADHD symptom is most commonly present in adults?

 a.Hyperactivity

 b.Impulsivity

 c.Inattention

d.Depressed mood

Question 7Which neurotransmitters are implicated in the development of ADHD?

 a.Norepinephrine and acetylcholine

 b.Dopamine and acetylcholine

 c.Dopamine and norepinephrine

d.Glutamate and dopamine

Question 8Which of the following conditions is considered physiologically safe?

 a.Alcohol intoxication

 b.Benzodiazepine withdrawal

c.Opioid intoxication

 d.Opioid withdrawal

Question 9Which of the following is NOT a potentially serious side effect of psychostimulants?

 a.Cardiac events

 b.Hyponatremia

c.Exacerbation of tic disorders or new-onset Tourette's.

 d.Psychosis or aggression

Question 10Which of the following is NOT a red flag for prescription drug misuse?

 a.The Prescription Monitoring Program shows a patient has prescriptions filled at multiple pharmacies.

 b.A patient requests to decrease the dose of his controlled substance.

c.A patient reports that her prescription has been stolen and requests an early refill.

 d.A patient requesting a controlled substance reports having two prior providers in the past year.

Question 11Which of the following is NOT important to monitor for patients taking psychostimulants?

 a.Glucose

 b.Weight

 c.Blood pressure

 d.EKG

Question 12Which of the following is true about medications for nicotine dependence?

 a.Nicotine replacement is treatment of choice of nicotine withdrawal symptoms.

 b.Bupropion can be used adjunctively to treat symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.

c.Varenicline and bupropion should be initiated on a patient's nicotine quit date.

 d.Varenicline is a safe alternative for patients with a history of seizures or alcohol dependence.

Question 13Which of the following may be helpful for ADHD?

 a.Sertraline

 b.Fluoxetine

 c.Bupropion

d.Mirtazapine

Question 14Which of the following medications is a selective norepinephrine inhibitor approved for treating ADHD in children and adults?

 a.Atomoxetine

b.Lisdexamphetamine

 c.Clonidine

 d.Guanfacine

Question 15Which of the following medications may worsen tics?

 a.Methylphenidate

 b.Guanfacine

 c.Atomoxetine

 d.Clonidine

Question 16Which of the following medications or class of medications facilitates safe detoxification from alcohol?

 a.Benzodiazepines

b.Clonidine

 c.Antipsychotics

 d.Thiamine (B1)

Question 17Which of the following should be monitored in children prescribed psychostimulants?

 a.Sodium

 b.Weight

c.Glucose

 d.Lipids

Question 18Which of the following statements about atomoxetine is true?

 a.Atomoxetine is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor.

 b.Atomoxetine is best targeted to patients who present with inattention as their primary difficulty.

 c.Atomoxetine carries a high potential for abuse.

 d.Atomoxetine and methylphenidate target similar symptoms and have similar onset of action.

Question 19Which of the following statements about glutamate and NMDA receptors in alcohol addiction is true?

 a.Glutamate and NMDA receptors are unaffected by alcohol consumption.

 b.Alcohol binds and activates NMDA receptors.

 c.Chronic alcohol consumption results in an upregulation of NMDA receptors and increased excitability in acute abstinence.

 d.Glutamate restoration in alcohol detoxification is hypothesized to be neuroprotective and cognition enhancing.

Question 20Which of the following statements about impulsivity and compulsion is true?

 a.Impulsivity and compulsion are fixed traits in individuals susceptible to addiction.

 b.Impulsivity and compulsivity are hypothesized to be drives that are "bottom up", coming from the ventral striatum (impulsivity) and the dorsal striatum (compulsivity)

c.Impulsivity and compulsion are qualities that are unique to substance use disorders.

 d.Impulsivity and compulsions are driven by the same neural circuits.

Question 21Which of the following statements about methylphenidate and mixed amphetamine salts is true?

 a.Methylphenidate has a longer half-life than amphetamine salts.

 b.Amphetamine salts appear to have a greater abuse potential than methylphenidate.

c.Both medications can be prescribed as 30-day prescription with refills.

 d.Methylphenidate and amphetamine salts are considered second line treatment to non-stimulant ADHD medications in most patient populations.

Question 22Which of the following statements about opioid withdrawal is true?

 a.Left untreated, opioid withdrawal can be fatal.

b.The experience of discomfort in opioid withdrawal is directly correlated with decreased relapse rates.

 c.Clonidine treats myalgias, insomnia, and craving.

 d.Buprenorphine should not be administered until a patient is in moderate opioid withdrawal.

Question 23Which of the following statements about preventing and recognizing prescription drug misuse is true?

 a.Scheduled urine drug screens are recommended for patients on controlled substances.

b.A urine drug screen that is negative for a prescribed controlled substance is common and acceptable.

 c.Patients with active substance use should not be prescribed controlled substances.

 d.Short acting formulations of controlled substances are less likely to be abused.

Question 24Which of the following statements about stimulant dependence is true?

 a.Cocaine and amphetamines have different mechanisms of action and therefore different treatment recommendations.

 b.Topiramate is FDA approved for the treatment of stimulant dependence.

 c.Depression in stimulant withdrawal responds well to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

 d.Agitation and psychosis may be present in early withdrawal states.

Question 25Which of the following statements about substance dependence is true?

 a.Persons with a history of substance dependence should never be prescribed psychoactive substances.

 b.Persons with a history of substance dependence are vulnerable to craving or relapse following exposure to any psychoactive substance.

c.Persons with a history of substance dependence are vulnerable to craving or relapse following exposure only to their substance of addiction.

 d.Vulnerability to craving or relapse following exposure to a psychoactive substance diminishes the longer an individual is abstinent.

Question 26Which of the following statements about the CIWA-Ar and COWS is true?

 a.The CIWA-Ar and COWS evaluate the severity of an individual's addiction.

 b.The CIWA-Ar and COWS measure level of stimulant intoxication.

 c.The CIWA-Ar and COWS can guide treatment decisions for withdrawal states.

d.The CIWA-Ar and COWS are research instruments without significant clinical application.

Question 27Which of the following statements best describes the anti-award system in substance abuse?

 a.The adverse experience of substance withdrawal discourages continued use of the substance of abuse.

 b.The absence of a substance of abuse leads to drug-seeking behavior.

 c.Over time, substance use shifts from seeking the pleasurable effects of intoxication to avoiding of dysphoria associated with withdrawal states.

d.The physiologic reward of substance use is proportional to the degree of negative consequence an addicted individual is willing to endure.

Question 28Which of the following statements is true about ADHD?

 a.Excessive release of dopamine and norepinephrine in the orbitofrontal cortex leads to inattention and hyperactivity.

 b.Chronic low levels of dopamine and norepinephrine activity are unlikely to result in ADHD symptoms.

 c.ADHD is believed to be a problem of dysfunctional tuning of dopamine and norepinephrine circuits.

d.Symptoms of ADHD are stable throughout a person's lifetime.

Question 29Which of the following statements is true about behaviors in addiction?

 a.Addiction is always driven by the associated pleasurable effects of using a substance.

b.Dopaminergic neurons begin responding to environmental reminders of use through conditioned responses.

 c.Drug seeking behavior is modulated by acetylcholine.

 d.Up-regulation of dopamine signaling in prefrontal brain regions impair executive processes (self-regulation, decision making, etc.).

Question 30Which of the following statements is true about buprenorphine?

 a.Buprenorphine can be prescribed by any behavioral health prescriber.

 b.Buprenorphine is the preferred treatment for opioid maintenance therapy.

c.Buprenorphine's side effect profile closely resembles stimulant side effect profiles.

 d.Buprenorphine overdose is easily reversible.

Question 31Which of the following statements is true about psychostimulants?

  a.They are schedule VI medications.

 b.Prescriptions can be written for 30 days with 1 refill only.

 c.A patient must provide the pharmacy with a hard copy of the prescription.

d.When prescribed, there is little potential for misuse or abuse.