Houston SOCI1301 2019 MAY EXAM 2 Latest

SOCI1301 Introduction to Sociology

EXAM 2

Question 1A primitive tribe that cultivates the soil by hand has much more culture than a modern, computerized society.

  True

  False

 Question 2The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called

  ethnocentrism.

  culture shock.

  cultural relativism.

  value stability.

 Question 3A new Ford Explorer can be considered

  substance culture.

  nonmaterial culture.

  an argot.

  material culture.

 Question 4Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are

  less likely to resist change to their nonmaterial culture.

  more likely to modify cultural universals.

  less likely to resist change to their material culture.

  less likely to change their folkways.

 Question 5Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n)

  more.

  informal norm.

  formal norm.

  sanction.

 Question 6The concept of ethnocentrism was originally formulated by

  William F. Ogburn.

  Seymour Martin Lipset.

  W. I. Thomas.

  William Graham Sumner.

 Question 7A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project, and when she has completed her work, she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform. This is an example of

  a sanction.

  replication.

  a typology.

  a more.

 Question 8Explain what the conflict perspective tells us about attacks on bilingual programs in our schools; and give an example of how these attacks have been reflected in federal or state policy.

Question 9While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose. He is violating

  formal norms.

  laws.

 

  informal norms.

  mores.

 Question 10Diffusion is the

  process of introducing new elements into a culture.

  process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.

  process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society.

  combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist.

 Question 11Which of the following statements reflects a functionalist view of education as a socializing agent?

  Schools are responsible for teaching the values and norms of the larger society.

  A teacher's style may often influence classroom interaction.

  Schools can reinforce the divisive aspects of society, especially those of social class.

  Schools are frequently used by those in power to maintain their power and to continue the subjugation of those with lower status.

 Question 12Sara takes her four-year-old brother Matt to a carnival for the first time. They decide to ride the merry-go-round. Matt runs to the front of the line. His sister pulls him back and explains they have to stand in line. This is an example of

  socialization.

  nature versus nurture.

  personality.

  All of these answers are correct.

 Question 13The looking-glass self is the

  person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior.

  phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others.

  child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole.

  sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others.

 Question 14According to George Herbert Mead, during which stage of development does a child respond to numerous members of the social environment and grasp his or her distinctive social position?

  the concrete operational stage

  the preparatory stage

 

  the game stage

  the play stage

 Question 15In the early 1900s, Charles Horton Cooley advanced the belief that we learn who we are by interacting with others.

  True

  False

 Question 16Some of the most difficult socialization challenges and rites of passage occur in the later years of life.

  True

  False

 Question 17The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another, thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint, is known as

  role taking.

  role strain.

  face-work.

  resocialization.

 Question 18During which of Mead's stages of the self does a child begin to "become" a doctor, a parent, a superhero, or a ship captain?

  the sensorimotor stage

  the preparatory stage

  the game stage

  the play stage

 Question 19Identify the various agents of socialization and discuss the importance of each in the formation of a social self.

Question 20In the nature versus nurture debate, which position do social scientists take?

  Biological factors are irrelevant in human development.

  It is the interaction between environmental factors and biological inheritance that is important in human development.

  Environmental factors are more important than biological inheritance in human development.

  Biological inheritance is more important than environmental factors in human development.

 Question 21Age is an achieved status.

  True

  False

 Question 22Activists in a large city join forces to create a new organization with the goal of preserving landmark buildings that have historical importance. At first, the organization functions democratically, but over time it is taken over by three people. These leaders establish a bureaucratic structure that helps them to maintain control of the organization. These developments can be best explained by

  the Peter principle.

  the iron law of oligarchy.

  the scientific management approach.

  Parkinson's law.

 Question 23In the U.S., the ascribed statuses of race and gender can function as master statuses that have an important impact on one's potential to achieve a desired professional and social status.

  True

  False

 Question 24An achieved status is a social position

  attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.

  that is assigned to an individual at birth.

  "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics.

  that is given to an individual based upon his or her age, race, or gender.

 Question 25Which of the following can be defined as the long-term trends in societies resulting from the interplay of continuity, innovation, and selection?

  negotiated order

  postmodernism

  industrialization

  sociocultural evolution

 Question 26A woman who has not attended school in 13 years enrolls for classes at the local community college. She is afraid that her younger classmates might not accept her. On the first day of class, she observes the clothing styles of her classmates, and after school she goes shopping and purchases similar clothes. Her classmates could be considered

  a reference group.

  a focus group.

  a secondary group.

  a status group.

 Question 27One defining characteristic of groups, in sociological terms, is that members of a group share some sense of belonging to that group.

 

  True

  False

 Question 28Which of the following is an example of a social institution?

  a group of passengers on an inner-city bus

  a children's playgroup

  the U.S. government

  the members of a stamp-collecting society

 Question 29Which of the following was characteristic of the emergence of industrial societies?

  Formal educational institutions developed.

  Workplaces moved from the family cottage to centralized locations.

  Individuals, villages, and regions began to exchange goods and services and become interdependent.

  All of these answers are correct.

 Question 30Which sociological perspective might observe the division of labor among the staff members in a hospital emergency room and focus on how the allocation of responsibilities affects their social behavior?

  functionalist perspective

  global perspective

  interactionist perspective

  conflict perspective

 Question 31In an effort to better understand and combat a malaria outbreak in Kenya, public health researchers monitored the content of ________ to map the spread of the disease.

  television reports

  emails

  text messages

  health surveys

 Question 32Which sociological perspective is most likely to be concerned with television distorting gender roles and stereotyping, often rooted in the media's willingness to promote more traditional views?

  interactionist perspective

  functionalist perspective

  feminist perspective

  conflict perspective

 

Question 33Which sociological perspective would be most likely to support the idea that a dominant ideology is created through media images and used to construct a reality based on protecting the interests of the powerful?

  conflict perspective

  interactionist perspective

  global perspective

  functionalist perspective

 Question 34The increase in the use of mass media, specifically electronic media, has allowed for abuses of personal privacy.

  True

  False

 Question 35In 2013 Edward Snowden began leaking information about a National Security Agency's operation, code-named ________, in which the agency had been secretly gathering information on ordinary Americans by infiltrating their social media accounts.

  FISA

  FACET

  PRISM

  OVERLORD

 Question 36Which sociologist(s) first identified the effects of viewer fatigue and created the term narcotizing dysfunction?

  Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton

  David Demers

  Deena Weinstein

  Robert Park

 Question 37Female and male athletes are treated equally by the media.

  True

  False

 Question 38Which sociological perspective would be most likely to focus on the functions of the mass media in conferring status on people, organizations, and public issues?

  conflict perspective

  functionalist perspective

  feminist perspective

  interactionist perspective

 

Question 39The creation of unreliable generalizations that distort the reality of persons, groups, and cultures is indicative of

  posture enabling.

  stereotyping.

  the surveillance function.

  the narcotizing dysfunction.

 Question 40Which of the following have sociologists suggested is a dysfunction of the mass media?

  having a narcotizing effect

  conferring status

  integration of a common view

  providing a collective experience

 Question 41Dave, the president of a small corporation, has a wild weekend. He spends a night with a prostitute, gambles illegally, drinks excessively, and uses drugs. Some would argue he has committed various

  corporate crimes.

  white-collar crimes.

  victimless crimes.

  organized crimes.

 Question 42Martha Stewart's criminal activity was considered a professional crime, as she committed her crimes during the course of her regular business.

  True

  False

 Question 43In his anomie theory of deviance, Robert Merton

  created a typology to explain the basic types of adaptations people make to culture.

  suggested that conformists tend to ignore societal goals.

  noted that people will always follow one of the five modes of adaptation and maintain that mode for an extended period of time.

  described five types of deviance.

 Question 44A professional criminal is

  a person who pursues crime as a daily occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a degree of status among other criminals.

  always a member of a highly structured criminal organization that is involved in smuggling, drug trafficking, prostitution, and gambling.

  an affluent individual who commits crimes in the course of daily business activities.

  None of these answers is correct.

 Question 45Bob works as a cashier in a supermarket. His boss instructs him to include the price of a new broom—which Bob's boss has deceptively placed near the register—on everyone's bill. Bob's boss also encourages him to change the dates on expired food items so the items can continue to be sold. Eventually, Bob begins to develop his own deceptive sales practices. This is an example of

  labeling.

  differential association.

  dramaturgy.

  anomie.

 Question 46Both men and women in the U.S. may be stigmatized when they fail to conform to standards of attractiveness.

  True

  False

 Question 47Obedience refers to

  going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct that one's behavior, as well as compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure.

  going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct one's behavior.

  penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm.

  compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure.

 Question 48A sociologist studies how a teacher's attitudes toward particular students affect students' performance. Students of similar abilities who are "teacher's pets" perform at a high level, and students who are viewed as "troublemakers" perform poorly. This illustrates which explanation of deviance?

  differential association

  cultural transmission

  labeling theory

  anomie theory

 Question 49What type of crime is motivated by characteristics such as race, religion, sexual orientation or disability?

  hate crime

  professional crime

  victimless crime

  white-collar crime

 Question 50Sanctions are defined as

  rules made by a government.

  a loss of direction when the social control of individual behavior has become ineffective.

  penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm.

  justifications for deviant behavior.