Explain the epidemiology of alcohol consumption among college-aged

7-8 Pages of answer – The cover page and the references is not included

Directions: Please complete all questions in details.

Don’t answer each questions as one paragraph only. Answer each sub-question.

For example; you don’t answer just for Question 1. You have to answer under A), B), C),…etc.

Question 1:

A). Explain the epidemiology of alcohol consumption among college-aged students in the United States?

B). What factors appear to predict consumption, as well as overconsumption (e.g. binge drinking) in this population?

C). If you are studying alcohol use on a college campus, what units (e.g. physical tools) would you have with you to help study participants estimate their alcohol consumption? D). Explain in detail the methods you would use and why.

F). Is the reduction in binge drinking among college students a feasible goal? Why or why not?

Question 2:

Take a look at the map at the following link: https://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov/map/map.noimage.php. Under Data Options, select Area as United States, Area Type by State, Select Cancer Rates for Data Group, Make sure to select Colon and Rectum for Cancer, Incidence (all stages) for Data, All Races for Race/Ethnicity, Both Sexes, Age 50+, and =2Latest single year (US by state). Click “Generate Map”.

A). When you scroll over the map, identify which states have the lowest age-adjusted incidence rates of colon and rectum cancer cases (two states with lowest rates)

B). and which states have the highest age-adjusted incidence rates (two states with highest rates).

C). Do your own independent research on these two states and provide demographic, occupational, and any other relevant information about each state’s population (as a whole), to help you explain why these states are so different with respect to colon and rectum cancer incidence.

Question 3:

COVID-19 and chronic disease are very much connected to each other.

A). As an epidemiologist, how do you explain to the general public, particularly those who downplay the severity of COVID-19 in terms of mortality, that various mitigation efforts (explain these) need to occur to protect those with co-morbidities, including chronic diseases?

B). Which chronic diseases appear to be of highest risk with regards to acquired COVID-19 and subsequently being hospitalized, and possibly dying?

Question 4:

Take a look at the following website http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/issues/mental-health-america-prevalence-data-2018.

A). What states are ranked #1 for each of the seven maps.

B). Then, take a critical look at these maps and how the prevalence data are calculated. Provide your critique of the six measures making up the Prevalence Ranking used here and why you think the map looks the way it does?

Question 5:

A). Describe the social inequities, racism, and other issues that affect American Indian and Alaska Natives, populations at an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes.

B). As an epidemiologist, how would you attempt to quantify these issues and work to reduce their risk of Type 2 diabetes? Provide an actual example (e.g. a program that has been done) of a prevention effort in either or both of these populations.

Question 6:

Go to the World’s Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index page at https://waqi.info/. Pick two different cities/towns (on separate continents!) that have air quality in the Very Unhealthy or Hazardous range. Then, research and describe here;

A). Why the air quality is so poor in these two cities (provide all citations!).

B). How does the air quality put people at risk of respiratory illness, such as asthma and COPD?

C). What recommendations/education would you provide for citizens living/working in these cities/towns?

Question 7:

Take a look at the following articles: http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/bs-hs-noise-exposure-danger-20180516-story.html, https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/447529-noise-can-adversely-affect-human-health-and-quality-of-life, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5442866/.

A). What does noise affect besides hearing?

B). What creative methods are being used to try to lessen noise pollution in communities? C). Identify and describe two of your own, unique ideas on how to lessen noise pollution in an urban city (e.g. New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Boston, Houston).

Question 8:

A). What are the health effects of childhood lead-in old buliding exposure?

B). Describe the steps that created the Flint, OH state water crisis (votes, water sources, etc.)

C). What the city/state did or did not do to prevent the problem and treat the problem when complaints came pouring in.

Question 9:

A). How would you collect basic, demographic data (e.g. age, race, ethnicity, income, gender, sex, education, occupation)? All you need to do here is describe and present how you would ask these questions and what your answer choices would be (multiple choice, check all that apply, a fill-in the blank response, etc.)

B). Then, explain why you designed your questions in that manner.

Question 10:

A). Why is the expected prevalence of arthritis thought to increase more in the West and Southeast United States?

B). Describe the epidemiology, including which gender is more at risk; early warning signs of rheumatoid arthritis;

C). list and describe the three primary biologic medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

E). What are two biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis?