Trident CHEM100 Module 1 case and SLP

CHEM 100 Module 1 - Case

Foundations: The Periodic Table and the Basic Structure of Substances

Assignment Overview

STOP!!! BE SURE THAT YOU HAVE READ THE BACKGROUND CHAPTERS AND VIEWED THE VIDEO LECTURES PROVIDED ON THE HOME PAGE! These lectures contain the background material necessary to complete the following laboratory exercises.

Now to review the concepts before beginning your laboratory simulations, work through each of the following tutorials on bonding:

Covalent bonding I – H, O, C, H2O

Covalent nonpolar bonds

Polar covalent bonds

Water and hydrogen bonding

Hydrogen Bonding III – DNA and protein

Ionic bond

Water – solvent, polar, properties, pH

To complete your Case 1 Assignment, use the links provided for each lab and follow the instructions provided. You will document your lab and discuss your observations by compiling your work as a Power Point presentation. Take screen shots as indicated in each set of instructions below. Paste your screen shots onto PowerPoint slides. Use the notes sections of the PowerPoint slides to describe the image you have placed on the slide, and to explain the results of each simulation or answer to specific questions. Include the Lab Title in the title section of each slide to organize your work. Include a Table of Contents slide at the beginning, and Conclusion and References slides at the end.

Lab 1: Build an Atom

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html

Build a Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen atom.

Play each game: 1 – 4

Take screen shots of each element you build and the results of each game after you have played it. Explain what each screen shot depicts and include any points of interest that you learned from the games and/or lectures.

Lab 2: Acids and Bases

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/acid-base-solutions/latest/acid-base-solutions_en.html

Begin with the following settings:

Solution: Water H2O

Views: Molecules

Insert the pH meter and record the results. Take a screenshot and use it as your image on your slide. In the notes section describe the proportion of H3O+ icons to OH- icons.

Repeat for each solution for Strong Acid, Weak Acid, Strong Base, and Weak Base

Be sure to report the pH and describe the proportion of H3O+ icons to OH- icons for each.

Now for Water, select “Graph.” Define “equilibrium constant.” Describe the differences in the graph for Water, Strong Acid, and Strong Base and what they mean.

Now make your own solution, using the “My Solution” simulation. Choose an initial concentration, report its mol/L and pH. Now make your solution stronger and weaker. Describe the changes that you observe in the concentration of each type of molecule highlighted by the magnifying glass.

Lab 3: Solutes and Concentrations

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/concentration/latest/concentration_en.html

Add each solute to the water to make solutions of varying concentrations. Which solution became saturated the most quickly? Why? Include 2-3 screenshots of your simulations.

Summary Slides:

Now that you are an expert at atomic arrangement, the periodic table, and solutions, summarize the relationship between concentration, pH, and water. Where in the body is concentration of ions important? Where in the body is acidity important? Include the references you used to research these topics. (HINT: Topic 52 pH Homeostasis in Pain Free Biochemistry is a good place to begin)

Assignment Expectations

You will compile approximately 20-25 slides to document your completion of these exercises. Use the links provided and take screen shots as indicated in each set of instructions for each lab. Include the Lab Title in the title section of each slide to organize your work. Paste your screen shots onto PowerPoint slides. Use the notes sections of the PowerPoint slides to describe the image you have placed on the slide, and to explain the results of each simulation or answer to specific questions. Include a Table of Contents slide at the beginning, and Conclusion and References slides at the end.

Module 1 - SLP

Foundations: The Periodic Table and the Basic Structure of Substances

In this first module, you have become familiar with the most basic building blocks of matter, and you have made some observations regarding the periodic table, the arrangement of atoms, bonding, and the characteristics of one of life’s most important molecules: water. Up to 60% of the human adult body is water.

http://water.usgs.gov/edu/images/property-you.png

USGS Water Science School Accessed on August 20, 2014 at http://water.usgs.gov/edu/propertyyou.html

Learn more about the physiology of water in the body at the USGS Water Science School, before proceeding with this assignment. Now view some of the ways that water is utilized by the body in this tutorial on fluid compartments.

This SLP assignment will require you to learn more about the relationships between, water balance, ion balance, and blood pressure. We will look more closely at how the excretory system regulates water and ion balance, and the influence of stress hormones on this component of homeostasis.

The kidneys of the excretory, or urinary, system are the organs responsible for filtering toxins out of the blood and conserving or passing water depending on the body’s hydration needs. As you work through the following tutorials, keep in mind that the functional unit of the kidney is called the nephron and is composed of a network of tubules and capillaries.

1.Movement of fluid in the body

2.Urinary system overview

3.Filtration through the renal capsule

Now that you are familiar with the basic organization of the urinary system, kidneys, and nephron, look more closely at the physiology of the nephron where filtration and the regulation of water and ion balance occurs:

3.Filtration at the nephron

4.Resorption

5.Secretion

The chemical composition of our blood is detected by sensory cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. If ionic content, acidity, or blood pressure (water content in the blood) is out of balance, these cells will detect the imbalance, and send signals to endocrine cells in the kidney and adrenal glands to respond. The concentration of water in the blood is also detected by the hypothalamus. When you are dehydrated, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release the hormone, ADH, which acts on the kidney tubules signaling them to conserve water. In this condition, urinary output will be very small.

With a coordination of the neuroendocrine system, the kidneys can responds to stressors that arise from an emergency situation such as hemorrhaging, and maintain water balance and blood pressure in everyday situations as well.

After you have completed these tutorials, and your background readings, address the following questions in paragraph format:

1.What is the relationship between water, osmosis, ions, blood pressure and kidney function?

2.Where else in the body are ions used in cell signaling?

3.What are electrolytes? Why are they important to the body?

4.What are buffers? Provide an example of where buffers are used in the body and why?

SLP Assignment Expectations

After completing your readings and the tutorials above, answer each question using full sentences in paragraph format. Be sure to include a references section at the end of your assignment that lists the sources that you were required to read and any additional resources you used to research your answers. Follow the referencing format provided in the “Background” page.

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