Pre- And Post Lab Questions For Spectroscopy Lab
Pre- and post lab questions for Spectroscopy Lab: due date 10/22020 by 6:00 PM.
Lab manual pages: 23-30
Pre-lab questions on: page 25
Post-lab questions on: pages 29-30
Suggested videos:
Beer's law
General Chemistry II CHM 241
LABORATORY MANUAL 2019
Second Edition
Dr. Ara Kahyaoglu Prof. Jean Acken Associate Professor Assistant Professor
BERGEN COMMUNITY COLLEGE (BCC) is committed to providing quality material that promotes the best in inquiry-based
science education. However, conditions of actual use may vary, and the safety procedures and practices described in this resource
are intended to serve only as a guide. Additional precautionary measures may be required. BCC and the authors do not warrant or
represent that the procedures and practices in this resource meet any safety code or standard of federal, state, or local regulations.
BCC and the authors disclaim any liability for personal inquiry or demand to property arising out of or relating to the use of this
resource, to include any of the recommendations, instructions, or materials contained therein.
Bergen Community College
400 Paramus Road, Paramus, NJ 0765
Bergen Community College 2 General Chemistry II Laboratory
PREFACE
To the instructor,
This manual is available as a free download from the Bergen Community College website.
The Science Department’s aim has been to provide low cost, safe, and interesting, yet
relevant experiments.
Students are to complete the pre-laboratory exercises prior to the laboratory session. The
departmental format for the laboratory report can be found in the course syllabus.
Much effort has been made by the chemistry faculty to review this manual and make it as
error-free and accurate as possible. However, some errors will have escaped our notice.
Your help in forwarding to us any errors, inaccuracies, and/or suggestions will be greatly
appreciated. We will definitely welcome your comments and suggestions. We will make the
changes and improvements as soon as we can to make the updated manual ready for
succeeding semesters. We can be contacted at [email protected] and
Good luck and have a good semester. We look forward to hearing from you.
To the students,
This manual is available to BCC students for free download from the Bergen Community
College website. The Science Department’s aim has been to provide low cost, safe, and
interesting, yet relevant experiments that illustrate the concepts presented in the lecture
course.
Safety is everyone’s number one priority. Do not hesitate to ask your instructor if you do not
understand the procedure.
Keep in mind that your instructor expects you to be prepared for every laboratory session.
We appreciate the efforts of professors PJ Ricatto, Linda Box, Gary Porter, Brent Chapman,
Frank Ramdayal, Farah Rezae and Riwa Dandan through their suggestions and corrections.
Dr. Ara Kahyaoglu, author
Prof. Jean Acken, contributor and editor
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
Bergen Community College 3 General Chemistry II Laboratory
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Course Schedule 4
Laboratory Safety 5
Integrity of Data Guidelines 8
Experiment 1. Heat of Fusion 9
Experiment 2. Intermolecular Forces 14
Experiment 3. Spectroscopy 23
Experiment 4. Percent Copper in Brass 31
Experiment 5. Freezing Point Depression 39
Experiment 6. Chemical Kinetics 50
Experiment 7. Le Châtelier's Principle 63
Experiment 8. Coordination Number 75
Experiment 9. Identification of a Weak Acid 83
Experiment 10. Solubility Product 94
Experiment 11. Qualitative Analysis of Cations 101
Experiment 12. Titration of Hydrogen Peroxide 109
Experiment 13. Electrochemistry 119
Experiment 14. Bicarbonate-carbonate mixture 128
Appendix A. Common Laboratory Equipment 135
Appendix B. Volumetric Glassware 136
Appendix C. Graphing 137
Appendix D. Titration 139
Appendix E. Filtration 140
Appendix F. Periodic Table 141
Bergen Community College 4 General Chemistry II Laboratory
COURSE SCHEDULE
Fifteen Week Semester Twelve Week Semester
1. Lab Safety and Exp. 1 1. Lab Safety and Exp. 1
2. Exp. 2 2. Exp. 3 and Exp. 2, Parts A&B (or Part C)
3. Exp. 3 3. Exp. 4 and Exp. 2, Part C (or Parts A&B)
4. Exp. 4 4. Exp. 5
5. Exp. 5 5. Exp. 6
6. Exp. 6 6. Exp. 7 and Exp. 8 part A
7. Exp. 7 7. Exam 1 and Exp. 8 part B
8. Exam 1 and Exp. 8 part A 8. Exp. 9 and Exp. 8 part C
9. Exp. 8 parts B and C 9. Exp. 10*
10. Exp. 9 10. Exp. 11
11. Exp. 10* 11. Exp. 12
12. Exp. 11 12. Exam 2 and Exp. 13
13. Exp. 12
14. Exp. 13 or Exam 2
15. Exam 2 or Exp. 13
*The NaOH solution standardized in Experiment 9 is used again in this experiment.
Bergen Community College 5 General Chemistry II Laboratory
BERGEN COMMUNITY COLLEGE
SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR THE CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
1. Read these safety regulations carefully and be sure you understand them. Before each
laboratory session, your instructor will discuss any safety hazards that may be associated
with that day’s experiment. Therefore, it is imperative that you come to lab on time.
2. Due to safety concerns students who arrive after the pre-lab presentation may not be allowed to perform that particular lab experiment.
3. It is strongly suggested that you obtain a hall locker from the Security Office. Only your lab manual, notebook, and calculator are allowed on the lab bench.
4. Report all accidents, no matter how minor, to your instructor at once. No one in the lab is permitted to give out bandages or medication. You must see the College Nurse.
5. Safety glasses or goggles are required and must be worn by everyone in the lab when experiments are being conducted. Contact lenses are not recommended in the chemistry
lab. Safety glasses are provided by the college, but students may purchase their own.
6. Do not perform any unauthorized experiment.
7. Do not taste anything in the laboratory. Never eat, drink or smoke in any of the labs.
8. You must tie back long hair. Do not wear open-toed shoes, shorts, fuzzy sweaters, loose sleeve shirt or any dangling jewelry. You must cover bare midriffs. You are advised to
wear a lab coat or old clothing to the lab.
9. Do not fill pipettes by mouth. Rubber bulbs or pipette pumps are provided. The instructor will demonstrate how these are to be used.
10. Exercise care when noting the odor of fumes. Use ‘wafting’ if you are directed to note an odor.
11. Do not force glass tubing or a thermometer into rubber stoppers. Lubricate with water and introduce it gradually and gently into the stopper, or insert through a cork borer.
Protect your hands with toweling when inserting without a cork borer.
12. Never point a test tube containing a reaction mixture (especially when heating) toward yourself or another person.
13. No ‘fooling around’ in the laboratory. A less than serious approach to lab work may result in an accident.
14. Before connecting or disconnecting electrical equipment, make sure that the switches are in the off position.
Safety Regulations
Bergen Community College 6 General Chemistry II Laboratory
15. Never work in the laboratory alone.
16. Make sure all apparatus is properly supported on the workbench.
17. Read the label on every bottle twice before using it in the laboratory. Many chemical names are very similar but are very different chemically.
18. Replace caps and stoppers on bottles immediately. Return spatulas to their correct place immediately after use. Do not mix them up.
19. Do not remove or relocate any chemical that has been placed in the hood. Sample it in the hood.
20. Never light a Bunsen burner with a cigarette lighter. Use the strikers that are provided.
21. Students are responsible for keeping their work area neat and orderly. All spills are to be cleaned up immediately using the spill kits located on the instructor’s desk. Solid
chemical waste should be and placed in the appropriately labeled container. Liquid
chemical waste should be poured into the appropriately labeled container. All waste
material should be left in the hood for subsequent disposal. If there is doubt about proper
disposal, ask the instructor.
22. Wash all glassware immediately after use. Place clean glassware on drying rack or in the designated bin on the counter.
23. Dispose of broken glassware in the labeled broken glassware boxes.
24. Wash your hands before leaving the laboratory.
25. You must notify your instructor of any chemical to which you are allergic.
26. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant this semester, you must notify your physician that you are enrolled in a chemistry lab course. You and your physician must
decide whether or not it is appropriate for you to remain in the course.
Note the location of the following safety equipment so that you can get to it quickly
in an emergency.
SAFETY EQUIPMENT LOCATION
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
SAFETY SHOWER
EYEWASH
EMERGENCY PHONE
FIRE ALARM
NEAREST EXIT
Safety Regulations
Bergen Community College 7 General Chemistry II Laboratory
SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY
True False
1. Safety glasses must be worn by everyone working in the lab. T F
2. Only major accidents in the lab need to be reported T F
3. Material Safety Data Sheets are provided in the lab T F
4. Eating and drinking are permitted in the lab T F
5. It is OK to taste a chemical as long as it smells good T F
6. Only authorized experiments are to be performed T F
7. You should wear shoes at all time in the lab T F
8. In order to save time, it is permissible to weigh hot objects T F
9. Broken glassware should be disposed of in the appropriate box T F
10. Working alone in the lab is an acceptable practice T F
A typical Chemistry Laboratory safety YouTube video link is given below: (hold Ctrl Key
and hover the mouse over the link) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKovNdse5MU
Please complete sign this attached form. Remove it from the safety regulations and hand it to
your Laboratory Instructor.
I, the undersigned, have read the Divisional Safety Regulations for the Chemistry
Laboratories. I understand them and will abide by them.
Print your name: ________________________________________________________
Signature: ____________________________________________________________
Date: ____________________________________________________________
Course Name and Number:_______________________________________________
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKovNdse5MU
Bergen Community College 8 General Chemistry II Laboratory
INTEGRITY OF DATA GUIDELINES
One purpose of a laboratory course is to reinforce the concepts covered in the lecture
course. A second, equally important purpose, is to experience working in a chemistry lab, and
to learn about practices and procedures that are employed in such an environment. In addition
to specific laboratory procedures that will be covered in the array of experiments, there are
two universal practices in all laboratory settings- Laboratory Safety, which was discussed in
the previous pages, and Integrity of Data Guidelines.
These guidelines are used in all laboratory settings- from the traditional research
laboratory to hospitals and the physician’s office. The purpose of the guidelines is to ensure
that data is recorded in such a way that its veracity, or authenticity, cannot be questioned.
Taken as a whole, these practices protect the integrity of the data by preventing it from being
changed or recorded in error. Students are expected to follow these integrity of data guidelines
when collecting and recording data. The guidelines are as follows:
1. Data sheets must include the date and the student’s name.
2. Data is recorded in blue or black non-erasable ink; no white-out is permitted.
3. If a mistake is made while entering data, a single line is used to cross it out
and the correct entry is made nearby. (The original entry must be legible.)
4. No transcription is permitted. (Data is recorded directly into the data sheets.)
5. Data is recorded at the time it is observed.
In most laboratories today, notebooks are electronic rather than paper. Although this
renders a different set of guidelines, their purpose is the same- to ensure the authenticity of
data. Laboratory notebook software does not permit a change to be made once data has been
entered. In instances where a change is required, there is a record of the original entry. When
a measurement is recorded on a scrap of paper, that original data is scanned and becomes a
part of the notebook. These and other practices concerning electronic lab notebooks, along
with the guidelines described above regarding paper notebooks, work together to protect the
integrity of experimental data.
Bergen Community College 9 General Chemistry II Laboratory
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