POli330 final exam 2017 (2 set) August 2017

Question # 00578324 Posted By: neil2103 Updated on: 08/24/2017 03:53 PM Due on: 08/24/2017
Subject Political Science Topic American Policy Tutorials:
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Set 1

Question 1 2 pts

(TCO 1) Which best explains the differences between historians and political scientists?

Historians look for generalizations, and political scientists are reluctant to generalize.

Historians are reluctant to generalize, and political scientists look for generalizations.

Historians are more likely to look for comparisons than political scientists.

Historians tend to focus on nature-based explanations, and political scientists focus on nurture-based explanations.

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Question 2 2 pts

(TCO 1) The notion that politicians think practically and political scientists think abstractly is indicative of which of the following?

Political scientists often train politicians.

Politicians often train political scientists.

Political scientists and politicians are different in that the former studies the latter.

Political scientists and politicians are often indistinguishable.

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Question 3 2 pts

(TCO 1) When people base their views on beliefs that may not be based in reality, they are behaving _____.

irrationally

rationally

politically

legitimately

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Question 4 2 pts

(TCO 1) _____ is the use of public office for private gain.

Sovereignty

Corruption

Authority

Legitimacy

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Question 5 2 pts

(TCO 1) Despite a disputed 2000 presidential election, once President George W. Bush took office, few people doubted his _____.

charisma

control

legitimacy

sovereignty

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Question 6 2 pts

(TCO 1) Descriptions of political phenomena often lack _____.

rationality

reasoning

theory

balance

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Question 7 2 pts

(TCO 1) _____ refers to something based on observable evidence.

Quantification

Hypothesis

Qualification

Empirical

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Question 8 2 pts

(TCO 4) Unlike natural law, positive law uses _____.

the spirit of the law to make determinations

books to reach conclusions

judicial sentencing to determine case outcomes

jury selection to manipulate judgment

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Question 9 2 pts

(TCO 4) Under which of the following circumstances might a case be pursued as both a criminal and a civil case?

A state accuses banks of mortgage fraud, sold to investors elsewhere in the nation.

Drug traffickers violate property and federal law by moving drugs across state borders.

Burglars violate federal property and the state sues them for damages.

The federal government accuses a food manufacture of unsafe food practices and consumers injured by their product sue them.

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Question 10 2 pts

(TCO 4) Which of the following is an important role of U.S. courts and their greatest contribution to governance?

Ensure that statutory laws do not violate the constitution

Protect individual rights and liberties

Guarantee administrative usages do not get out of hand

Judicial review

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Question 11 2 pts

(TCO 4) Who nominates and approves federal judges in the U.S. court system?

The president and the Senate

The Senate and the House

The president and Speaker of the House

The Senate and the Secretary of State

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Question 12 2 pts

(TCO 4) How does the American concept of judicial review compare to the role of courts in foreign systems?

Most countries maintain a similar process of judicial review, which evaluates federal laws against the nation’s constitution.

Judicial review is more highly developed in the United States than in any other country, and Americans expect more of their courts than do other peoples.

The United States is the only developed nation to maintain the process of judicial review.

Most foreign constitutions are exempt from judicial review, stripping the courts of any power they might have in shaping legislation.

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Question 13 2 pts

(TCO 4) Describe the primary jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court.

It makes initial rulings on all federal cases, whether civil or criminal.

It rules on high penalty cases, including those with life sentences and the death penalty.

Its jurisdiction is almost entirely appellate, from lower federal or state supreme courts.

Its jurisdiction is broad, ranging from appellate rulings to original rulings in federal crimes.

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Question 14 2 pts

(TCO 4) Compare the Warren Court to those immediately succeeding it.

The Warren Court was generally considered conservative, but subsequent courts were seen as more liberal.

Subsequent courts were conservative, but not nearly as conservative as the Warren Court.

Succeeding Courts failed to represent the conservative agenda of the Warren Court.

While the Warren Court was rather progressive, subsequent courts were viewed as conservative.

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Question 15 2 pts

(TCO 5) Why do the responsibilities of legislative and executive powers often overlap?

Separation of powers is rarely clear-cut.

Separation of powers is rare among industrialized nations.

Separation of powers is absolute.

Separation of powers grants obtuse levels of power to the executive branch.

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Question 16 2 pts

(TCO 5) In a parliamentary system, voters directly elect _____.

members of Parliament and the prime minister

members of Parliament and the ministerial cabinet

members of Parliament only

the prime minister only

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Question 17 2 pts

(TCO 5) Because of the separation of powers inherent in a presidential system, some scholars think that executive-legislative _____ is common in systems like that used in the United States.

cooperation

stagnation

deadlock

insolvency

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Question 18 2 pts

(TCO 5) Each division of government in a parliamentary system is headed by a _____.

secretary

president

prime minister

minister

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Question 19 2 pts

(TCO 5) The only political system that could guarantee the cooperation between the legislative and executive branches is _____.

a monarchy

a dictatorship

a democracy

an oligarchy

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Question 20 2 pts

(TCO 5) Describe how the election process in a parliamentary system slightly resembles presidential elections in the United States.

Party chiefs run as candidates for prime minister.

Citizens vote directly for the each new prime minister.

Citizens vote for a party member with the knowledge that the next prime minister will be the head of the largest party.

The prime minister is appointed for a 4-year term and can be reappointed one time.

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Question 21 2 pts

(TCO 5) What is the role of cabinet members?

Cabinet members assist chief executives by designing and heading their own divisions of government.

Cabinet members work independently from chief executives by heading a major executive division of government.

Cabinets members assist chief executives by heading a major executive division of government.

Cabinet members work independently from chief executives by designing and heading their own divisions of government.

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Question 22 2 pts

(TCO 7) Radicals use the term political economy instead of _____ to describe their critique of capitalism and the inequitable distribution of wealth among nations.

Marxism

laissez-faire

public choice

Keynesian

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Question 23 2 pts

(TCO 7) Describe British economist John Maynard Keynes’ proposal to cure economic depressions.

Keynes suggested infusing the economy with government funds to promote spending.

Keynes advocated for “trickle-down” economic policies.

Keynes argued for stronger stimulus packages to corporations and small businesses.

Keynes proposed to cure depressions by dampening the swings of the business cycle.

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Question 24 2 pts

(TCO 7) Conservatives hold that Johnson’s Great Society was a waste of money, locking recipients into _____ and encouraging a subculture of drugs and crime.

entitlement benefits

perpetual subsidies

social safety nets

welfare dependency

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Question 25 2 pts

(TCO 7) Which of the following is an increasing financial concern of the Medicare program?

The proportion of older people in American society is increasing steadily.

Every American citizen on reaching 65 obtains Medicare, regardless of class.

Economic inequality renders Medicare more necessary for some than for others.

Wealthy Americans are taking advantage of the Medicare system.

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Question 26 2 pts

(TCO 7) Many Americans think the federal budget goes primarily toward welfare, which is _____.

absolutely true

somewhat exaggerated

not at all the case

slightly offensive

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Question 27 2 pts

(TCO 7) Compare American and Canadian views on the size of government.

Americans believe the government is too small, and Canadians feel that government intrudes on individual privacy.

As citizens of similar nations located in North America, both Americans and Canadians feel that government is too large.

Americans and Canadians generally agree that government should be larger, funding welfare programs such as Medicaid and food stamps.

Many Americans believe government is too large, and Canadians recognize that government has a pivotal role to play and accept higher taxes.

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Question 28 2 pts

(TCO 7) Investigate what historically happens to conservatives when firms are supposedly “too big to fail.”

Conservatives argue for expensive bail-out packages.

Most conservatives suggest letting the free market run its course.

Most argue against expensive stimulus packages.

They switch parties.

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Question 29 2 pts

(TCO 9) What is the most common response to serious domestic unrest?

Revolution

Coup d’état

Military takeover

UN diplomatic action

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Question 30 2 pts

(TCO 9) What is the relationship between a high sense of government legitimacy among the people and police officers when legitimacy is high?

Spending on policing is low.

There are fewer police interfering in civilian life.

Fewer police are needed.

The police must use a particularly heavy hand.

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Question 31 2 pts

(TCO 9) How is high unemployment relevant to civil conflict?

Unemployed young men incline naturally to unrest.

The unemployed tend to be passive, keeping civil conflict at bay.

Unemployed mothers, desperate for their children, tend to take to the streets.

The unemployed tend to be uninformed about politics, and therefore rarely take part in civil conflict.

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Question 32 2 pts

(TCO 9) What are the aims of terrorists via their calculated acts of terrorism?

To panic their enemies, to gain publicity and recruits, and to get the foe to overreact and drive more people to side with the terrorists

To destroy as much of the economic strength of a nation as possible

To kill national leaders

To kill their enemies, to gain recruits, and to get the UN to overreact and cause more people to side with the terrorists

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Question 33 2 pts

(TCO 9) Which of the following options best describes countries before and after revolutions?

Before, revolutionary movements are still idealistic and convinced they will bring a better society; after seizing power, the revolutionary regime discovers it’s not difficult to make an economy work.

Before, revolutionary movements are still idealistic and convinced they will bring a better society; after seizing power, the revolutionary regime discovers it’s a lot harder to make an economy work than it thought.

Before, revolutionary movements believe that a truly committed regime can redo society; after seizing power, the revolutionary regime discovers its ideological ideals are impractical.

Before, revolutionary movements bomb and assassinate in an effort to overthrow corrupt governments; after seizing power, the revolutionary regime almost always finds itself being bombed and in the sights of assassins.

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Question 34 2 pts

(TCO 9) Does terrorism work?

Rarely, and seldom without political and/or economic pressure

Rarely, but primarily when brought against democratic nations

Often, and without much need for political pressure to aid it

Often, but only with the assistance of economic and/or political pressure

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Question 35 2 pts

(TCO 9) Why are intellectuals nearly everywhere discontented with the existing state of affairs?

They are highly educated and acquainted with a variety of ideas, some of them utopian.

They are elitist and can work with neither the people nor the government.

Negative people tend to be attracted to intellectual spheres of life.

Intellectuals are no more discontented with the existing state of affairs than the rest of the population.

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Question 36 40 pts

(TCO 2) Democracy has changed dramatically since its original application in ancient Athens. Describe the evolution of democracy by comparing and contrasting direct democracy with representative democracy. In completing this comparison, be sure to incorporate Aristotle’s concerns about democracy and assess the stability offered by these variations within democracy.

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Question 37 40 pts

(TCO 3) Compare and contrast interest groups and political parties. In your response, be sure to provide examples their similarities and differences. In addition, please assess what advantages interest groups offer that political parties don’t and then what advantages d political parties offer that interest groups don’t.

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Question 38 40 pts

(TCO 6) Socialism has evolved over the centuries from Karl Marx’s original purposed theories. The first change took place with Leninism, and now many liberal societies incorporate a mild form of socialism referred to as social democracy. Your analysis should include a comparison of these forms of government and explain how and why socialism split into these several varieties.

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Question 39 40 pts

(TCO 8) The United Nations is an international organization that promotes the idea of using diplomacy as a means of preventing war. Investigate the role of diplomacy in maintaining peace between nations. What actions might a diplomat take to encourage peace? What are some factors that may cause diplomacy to fail? Please be sure to provide specific examples in your response.

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Set 2

Question 1 2 pts

(TCO 1) Historians and political scientists are different because historians _____ and political scientists _____.

Chapter 1, page 5

are reluctant to generalize; look for generalizations

look for generalizations; are reluctant to generalize

are more likely to look for comparisons; focus on differences

tend to focus on nature-based explanations; focus on nurture-based explanations

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Question 2 2 pts

(TCO 1) Which are both true for most political scientists?

They think practically and seek accuracy

They seek popularity and are skeptical of power

They offer single causes and think abstractly

They are skeptical of power and offer long-term consequences

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Question 3 2 pts

(TCO 1) Voting for someone who is charismatic but whose policies might not benefit you would be considered _____ behavior.

irrational

rational

legitimate

selfish

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Question 4 2 pts

(TCO 1) Which of the following best exemplifies sovereignty?

The United States negotiating a trade agreement with Canada

The people of France acknowledging the authority of their president

Israel asserting jurisdiction over the Gaza Strip

President Obama having the support of the people who elected him

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Question 5 2 pts

(TCO 1) The notion that we acknowledge the rightful roles of our leaders or our laws is known as _____.

sovereignty

authority

legitimacy

monarchy

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Question 6 2 pts

(TCO 1) Relating concepts in a way that connects them in an empirical manner is the basis of _____ building.

scholarship

theory

power

culture

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Question 7 2 pts

(TCO 1) The term for measuring with numbers is _____.

quantifying

hypothesis

qualifying

empirical

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Question 8 2 pts

(TCO 4) The English common law stressed the rights of free and equal men and was developed on the basis of precedent set by earlier judges, known today as _____.

judge-made law

judicial precedent

example by trial

court generated

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Question 9 2 pts

(TCO 4) Under which of the following circumstances might a case be pursued as both a criminal and a civil case?

The federal government accuses investment houses of wrongdoing and investors who lost money sue them.

Drug traffickers violate property and federal law by moving drugs across state borders.

Burglars violate federal property and the state sues them for damages.

A state accuses banks of mortgage fraud in mortgages sold to investors elsewhere in the nation.

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Question 10 2 pts

(TCO 4) Which of the following is an important role of U.S. courts and their greatest contribution to governance?

Ensure that statutory laws do not violate the constitution

Protect individual rights and liberties

Guarantee administrative usages do not get out of hand

Judicial review

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Question 11 2 pts

(TCO 4) Who nominates and approves federal judges in the U.S. court system?

The president and the Senate

The Senate and the House

The president and Speaker of the House

The Senate and the Secretary of State

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Question 12 2 pts

(TCO 4) How does the American concept of judicial review compare to the role of courts in foreign systems?

Most countries maintain a similar process of judicial review, which evaluates federal laws against the nation’s constitution.

Judicial review is more highly developed in the United States than in any other country, and Americans expect more of their courts than do other peoples.

The United States is the only developed nation to maintain the process of judicial review.

Most foreign constitutions are exempt from judicial review, stripping the courts of any power they might have in shaping legislation.

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Question 13 2 pts

(TCO 4) Examine the ideal role of American judges.

Judges should intervene frequently, interpreting the law according to their expertise and ensuring a fair trial.

Judges should act as umpires, passively watching the legal drama and ruling only on disputed points of procedure.

Judges should not intervene unless attorneys object, at which point they may either overrule or sustain the objection.

Judges should take an active role, questioning witnesses, eliciting evidence, and commenting on procedure.

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Question 14 2 pts

(TCO 4) Compare the Warren Court to those immediately succeeding it.

The Warren Court was generally considered conservative, but subsequent courts were seen as more liberal.

Subsequent courts were conservative, but not nearly as conservative as the Warren Court.

Succeeding Courts failed to represent the conservative agenda of the Warren Court.

While the Warren Court was rather progressive, subsequent courts were viewed as conservative.

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Question 15 2 pts

(TCO 5) Which systems demonstrate the clearest separation of power between the executive and legislative branches?

Parliamentary

Presidential

Monarchies

Ministerial

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Question 16 2 pts

(TCO 5) In a parliamentary system, voters directly elect _____.

members of Parliament and the prime minister

members of Parliament and the ministerial cabinet

members of Parliament only

the prime minister only

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Question 17 2 pts

(TCO 5) Because of the separation of powers inherent in a presidential system, some scholars think that executive-legislative _____ is common in systems like that used in the United States.

cooperation

stagnation

deadlock

insolvency

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Question 18 2 pts

(TCO 5) Who directly calls forth the leader of the largest party to take office with a cabinet and become the prime minister?

The voters

Parliament

The monarch

The House of Commons

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Question 19 2 pts

(TCO 5) When it comes to electing officials, which factor matters the most to voters in both presidential and parliamentary elections?

Party affiliation

Political ideologies

Money invested in campaign

Personality

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Question 20 2 pts

(TCO 5) Describe how the election process in a parliamentary system slightly resembles presidential elections in the United States.

Party chiefs run as candidates for prime minister.

Citizens vote directly for the each new prime minister.

Citizens vote for a party member with the knowledge that the next prime minister will be the head of the largest party.

The prime minister is appointed for a 4-year term and can be reappointed one time.

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Question 21 2 pts

(TCO 5) Describe how the United States expands its cabinet.

The president can create a new department at his or her will.

Congress must agree on the new department and provisions for its funds must be made.

In order for a new department to be developed, a former one must be deleted.

New departments are no longer developed.

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Question 22 2 pts

(TCO 7) Radicals use the term political economy instead of _____ to describe their critique of capitalism and the inequitable distribution of wealth among nations.

Marxism

laissez-faire

public choice

Keynesian

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Question 23 2 pts

(TCO 7) How do Keynesian economic policies differ from the traditional laissez-faire policies developed by Adam Smith?

Laissez-faire advocates for “cutthroat” capitalism, and Keynesian policies seek to spread wealth equally among a nation’s citizens.

Keynesian economics advocate for increased government control of economics, and traditional laissez-faire argues for a hands-free approach.

Smithian policies advocate for increased spending and stimuli for government-run businesses, and Keynesian economics argues for a hands-free approach.

The more liberal Smithian economies distribute wealth more evenly among society, and Keynesian economics tends to distribute wealth among the top 1%.

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Question 24 2 pts

(TCO 7) Between 1965 and 1973, the percentage of Americans living below the poverty line _____.

doubled

greatly decreased

slightly increased

rapidly increased

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Question 25 2 pts

(TCO 7) Medical costs consume nearly _____ % of the U.S. gross domestic product, most of it paid through government and private health insurance.

11

18

22

26

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Question 26 2 pts

(TCO 7) Many Americans think the federal budget goes primarily toward welfare, which is _____.

absolutely true

somewhat exaggerated

not at all the case

slightly offensive

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Question 27 2 pts

(TCO 7) How might Americans’ reluctance toward entitlement programs benefit them in the long run?

Citizens will pay lower taxes, stimulating the economy via “trickle-down” economics.

Entitlement programs are complex and inefficient; our government will save time and money by proceeding with caution.

Americans can justify raising the debt ceiling through entitlement programs, so long as they are wary of the choices they make.

Government subsidies to businesses, rather than spending on welfare programs, will help the United States generate revenue and reduce overall spending.

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Question 28 2 pts

(TCO 7) Theoretically, what are the consequences if the government assumes the burden of bad loans?

Citizens will default on their mortgages.

Banks will learn from their mistakes and pay back the burden with interest.

Ultimately, the government will profit.

Firms will be encouraged to continue their risky behavior.

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Question 29 2 pts

(TCO 9) _____ is a small or moderate change that essentially leaves the system intact.

Mass discontent

Reform

Dramatic system change

A coup d’etat

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Question 30 2 pts

(TCO 9) Riots triggered by police beating youths, protests against globalization, and labor strikes against austerity are all examples of _____.

purely traditional violence

issue-oriented violence

violence carried out by civilian institutions of government

coups

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Question 31 2 pts

(TCO 9) Why might a period of prosperity bring about revolution?

When people move in and out of poverty, they have no hope for the future, and so see nothing to lose in rebelling.

When things improve for the wealthy, they start imagining an even better future. No longer content with their already luxurious lot, they want improvement faster than even a growing economy can deliver.

When things improve for the poor, they realize just how bad they’ve had it and their anger is unleashed.

When things improve for the poor, people start imagining a better future. No longer content with their lot, they want improvement faster than even a growing economy can deliver.

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Question 32 2 pts

(TCO 9) What are the aims of terrorists via their calculated acts of terrorism?

To panic their enemies, to gain publicity and recruits, and to get the foe to overreact and drive more people to side with the terrorists

To destroy as much of the economic strength of a nation as possible

To kill national leaders

To kill their enemies, to gain recruits, and to get the UN to overreact and cause more people to side with the terrorists

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Question 33 2 pts

(TCO 9) Which of the following options best describes countries before and after revolutions?

Before, revolutionary movements are still idealistic and convinced they will bring a better society; after seizing power, the revolutionary regime discovers it’s not difficult to make an economy work.

Before, revolutionary movements are still idealistic and convinced they will bring a better society; after seizing power, the revolutionary regime discovers it’s a lot harder to make an economy work than it thought.

Before, revolutionary movements believe that a truly committed regime can redo society; after seizing power, the revolutionary regime discovers its ideological ideals are impractical.

Before, revolutionary movements bomb and assassinate in an effort to overthrow corrupt governments; after seizing power, the revolutionary regime almost always finds itself being bombed and in the sights of assassins.

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Question 34 2 pts

(TCO 9) Why is the Middle East currently the breeding ground for considerable terrorist activity?

High birth rates produce many unemployed youth who are attracted to the simplistic lessons of Islamism, which has made the United States an object of hate.

Low birth rates produce too few citizens to keep the economy growing, and poverty breeds unrest.

High birth rates produce many unemployed youth who are attracted to the complex lessons of Islamism, which has made other Middle Eastern nations an object of hate.

Low birth rates produce too few citizens to keep the economy growing, and the poor are attracted to the simplistic lessons of Islamism, which has made the United States an object of hate.

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Question 35 2 pts

(TCO 9) Why do some scholars say velvet revolutions are not revolutions at all?

They are not ideologically driven.

They fail to bring about genuine democracy.

They lack the ferocious qualities of violent revolutions.

They don’t bring about real regime change.

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Question 36 40 pts

(TCO 2) Evaluate Aristotle’s six types of government. In doing so, please be sure to list and define the categorizations. Please then assess how these classifications can be useful today to someone analyzing current governmental structures.

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Question 37 40 pts

(TCO 3) Explain the relationship between electoral systems and party systems. Answers should be sure to assess this question from the perspective of both proportional representation and single-member districts and provide examples to support your points.

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Question 38 40 pts

(TCO 6) The United States has utilized multiple forms of liberalism throughout its history. Please distinguish the specific characteristics of classical and modern liberalism and outline the evolution of these forms of liberalism within the United States. Please be sure to include specific historic examples to support your points.

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Question 39 40 pts

(TCO 8) Today’s world seems to be moving beyond sovereignty and toward supranational leadership to cooperate on issues of global importance. What are some of these issues? How might they be solved through supranational cooperation? Does such cooperation impede the sovereignty of independent nations? Please sure to include specific examples in supporting your points.

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