GLY105 Midterm Examination july 2021

Question 1The two main categories of coastlines are

 a.  Erosional and depositional

b.  Depositional and Strainplain

c.  Deltas and Barrier islands

d.  Erosional and Coastal Bays

Question 2By a geologist’s definition, an area that is influenced by marine conditions such as tides, winds, biota, etc…is termed what?

  a.  a coastal plain

  b.  continental shelf

 c.  coastal zone

d.  estuary

Question 3Dominantly erosional coastlines can be characterized for the most part as:

a. wide sandy beaches

 b. sabkhas

c. large amounts of unconsolidated sediment

d. narrow, rocky cliffs

Question 4River deltas and barrier island systems would be examples of dominantly ___________________

a.  depositional

b.  erosional

c.  glaciated

d.  transgressional

Question 5Long Island is an example of a:

a. depositional coast, narrow coastal zone

b. erosional coast, wide coastal zone

 c. depositional coast, wide coastal zone

 d. erosional coast, narrow coastal zone

Question 6At the mouth of a river, sediment is deposited.  This forms which type of coastline?

a. sabkha

b. lagoon

 c. tidal inlet

 d. delta

Question 7Storm action would be classified as which type of change on a coastline?

  a.  Fast change

b.  Slow change

c.  Average rate of change

Question 8In the United States, people began visiting the coasts primarily as a result of which major event?

a.  WW2

b.  The Renaissance

c.  The Industrial Revolution

d.  The Civil War

Question 9Which layer of the Earth make up the “plates” in plate tectonics?

 a.  Asthenosphere

 b.  Moho

c.  Lithosphere

d.  Outer core

Question 10Sea-floor spreading is driven by volcanic activity ____________.

 a. in the middle of abyssal plains

b. along mid-ocean ridges

 c. at the edges of continental shelves

d. along seamount chains

Question 11The geologic feature that is most often associated with a convergent plate boundary is what?

  a.  Mid Ocean Ridge

 b.  Abyssal Plain

c.  Continental shelf

 d.  Trench

Question 12Within the terminology of plate tectonics, an active margin is ____________.

  a. always an oceanic plate

b. a 5 mile radius surrounding an active volcano

 c. a continental coastline that coincides with a plate boundary

d. anywhere on Earth where earthquakes occur

 

Question 13Subduction zones are ____________.

  a. convergent plate boundaries

b. divergent plate boundaries

c. transform plate boundaries

Question 14At a transform plate boundary, two opposed plates ____________.

a. move toward one another

b. move away from one another

 c. slide past one another

Question 15At which type of plate boundary would you anticipate seismic (earthquake) activity?

a. divergent

 b. convergent

 c. transform

 d. all the above

Question 16The classification scheme for coastlines is primarily based on:

a. materials that make up the coasts

b. plate tectonics of the region

c. sea level on the coast

d.  whether they are rocky or sandy

Question 17The process that breaks up rock to create sediment is known as:

 a. jointing

 b. weathering

c. erosion

d. lithification

Question 18Which choice represents sediment in size order from smallest to largest?

 a.  silt, clay, sand, pebbles

  b. sand, pebbles, silt, boulders

 c. clay, silt, sand, cobbles

 d. boulders, pebbles, sand, clay

Question 19Frost wedging, root wedging, and salt wedging are all examples of ____________.

   a. erosion

  b. chemical weathering

c. physical weathering

d. deposition

Question 20After careful analysis, you notice that sediment is well rounded.  What does that physical feature say about the characteristic of the sediment?

a. the sediment hasn’t traveled far

b. the sediment is well sorted

 c. the sediment is poorly sorted

 d. the sediment has traveled far

Question 21Rocks that are formed from molten rock are known as:

a. metamorphic

 b. sedimentary

c. igneous

Question 22Rocks that are formed through changes in heat and pressure in the environment are known as:

 a. metamorphic

b. sedimentary

c. igneous

Question 23The most common group of rocks found along beaches and coasts are:

 a. metamorphic

 b. sedimentary

c. igneous

Question 24Chemical weathering takes place most rapidly in environments that are ____________.

A. cool and dry

B. warm and dry

C. cool and wet

D. warm and wet

Question 25Sea level that changes globally is known as:

  a. relative sea level change

b. eustatic sea level change

 c. transgression

 d. regression

Question 26Seasonal, local changes in sea level occur because:

 a. wind patterns change

 b. ocean currents shift

c. of the positions of high and low pressure systems

d. all of the above

Question 27In order for sea level to change globally, what must occur?

a. an increase in the volume of water

 b. a change in the shape of the ocean basin

c.  both a and b

d.  none of the above are correct, there are no forces on Earth that could change the shape of the ocean basin

Question 28The process by which nutrient rich water rises along a coastline is known as:

  a. upwelling

   b. downwelling

c. precession

d. obliquity

Question 29The Good Friday Earthquake that occurred in Prince William Sound in Alaska shifted the position of their coastline. This is an example of which type of sea level change?

a. eustatic

   b. relative

Question 30The major pressure system that sets up in the Atlantic Ocean is called the:

     a.  Puerto Rico Low

b. Florida Low

 c. Bahamas High

 d. Bermuda High

Question 31The warm water current that most directly impacts us here on Long Island is known as the:

   a.  Loop Current

  b.  Canary Current

c.  Trade Current

  d. Gulf Stream

Question 32Earth has seasons because of:

    a. its tilt         

  b. its rotation            

   c. its revolution         

  d. the Coriolis force

Question 33The classic sea breeze forms during the:

  a. day                  

 b. night

c. both day and night                    

  d. is not affected by day/night differences

Question 34High pressure systems are typically associated with:

    a. fair weather

     b. stormy weather

Question 35The “Alberta Clipper” and the “Panhandle Hook” are names for which of the following weather phenomena?

    a. Midlatitude Cyclones

  b. Anticyclones

  c. Hurricanes

   d. Hair Styles

Question 36The ITCZ traces the path of the __________________ through a year’s time.

 a. moon

    b. sun

Question 37The most deadly hazard associated with hurricanes is/are:

    a. tornadoes                    

   b. rip currents

 c. strong winds

          d. storm surge   

Question 38The peak of hurricane season occurs around:

a.  June 10th

 b.  July 10th

 c.  August 10th

 

            

 d.  September 10th

Question 39A Nor’Easter refers to:

 a.  the direction where the storm is coming from

    b. the direction which the storm is heading towards

 c. a large hurricane off the east coast

 d. a snow storm/blizzard that hardly ever impacts coastlines

Question 40Hurricanes need:

 a. warm water and strong wind shear

 b. warm water and weak wind shear

 c. strong wind shear and a tropical wave

d. a tropical wave and cool waters in the Atlantic