Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid-Base Homeostasis

Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid-Base Homeostasis

Ms. Brown is a 70-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus who has been too ill to get out of bed for 2 days. She has had a severe cough and has been unable to eat or drink during this time. On admission, her laboratory values show the following:

Serum glucose 412 mg/dL

Serum sodium (Na+) 156 mEq/L

Serum potassium (K+) 5.6 mEq/L

Serum chloride (Cl–) 115 mEq/L

Arterial blood gases (ABGs): pH 7.30; PaCO2 32 mmHg; PaO2 70 mmHg; HCO3– 20 mEq/L

Case Study 2 Questions:

Based on Ms. Brown admission’s laboratory values, could you determine what type of water and electrolyte imbalance she has? Name all of them based on the lab results and clinical presentation.

Describe the signs and symptoms of the different types of water imbalance, and describe the clinical manifestation she might exhibit with the potassium level she has.

In the specific case presented which would be the most appropriate treatment for Ms. Brown and why? Include both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches.

What do the ABGs from Ms. Brown indicate regarding her acid-base imbalance?

Based on your readings and your research define and describe Anion Gaps and their clinical significance.