ENVM 647 - Which of the following statements are correct

ENMT

3)Which of the following statements are correct about hydraulic systems? (Check all that apply.) (3 points)

Always incorporate the use of pumps.

The main force for hydrostatic pressure is our atmosphere

The hydrostatic pressure is the same throughout a given area defined by height of water column

When you want SI units of pressure, you use the equation P = 0.43 x h

4)Which statement(s) is/are correct about any given water flow rate in closed pipes? (1 point)

The velocity of flow is inversely proportional to the area of flow

The velocity of flow is inversely proportional to the diameter of pipes carrying the water

The calculations for water flow assume water is a compressible fluid

The flow rate can be expressed in ML/day.

5) Please examine the picture above and check all the correct statements about the figure: (3 points)

It is a schematic of soil vapor extraction

It is a schematic of air sparging

Pressurized air is injected into saturated zone at controlled pressures and volumes to force out volatile contaminants

It oxidizes contaminants to carbon dioxide and water

6) Please check all correct statements about the figure above: (3 points)

The solids on top are due to eutrophication

It is part of primary sewage treatment

It is part of secondary sewage treatment

We must continually bring in oxygen into the aerobic zone so that bacteria can metabolize carbon compounds into carbon dioxide and water

7) Remediation and control of radon in homes include: (3 points)

Air stripping

Seal all floor cracks and joints to prevent radon entry

Ventilation inside of the home

Subslab ventilation

8) In general, three primary considerations in designing an effective control strategy in an industrial setting are: (3 points)

environmental factors, systemic factors, and economic factors

environmental factors, ethical factors, and economic factors

environmental factors, engineering factors, and geopolitical factors

environmental factors, engineering factors, and economic factors

9)Whatstatement(s) is (are) correct about the figure above? (3 points)

It represents plans for water distribution

Pipe placement takes advantage of gravity

It is a gridiron system

Pumps are appropriately placed to minimize fluctuations in pressure

10) Which of the following are techniques that can be used to analyze gases, if the gases can be brought into solution? (3 points)

Electrostatic precipitators

Activated carbon adsorption

Infrared absorption

Colorimetry

High-volume sampler

11) Which of the following options, the US EPA encourages or can be successfully used as an integrated waste management strategy for all waste streams? (3 points)

recycling

reducing use of materials

open burning at abandoned backyards

source reduction composting

landfilling/disposal

12) Sources of industrial hazardous waste generation can be roughly divided into:(3 points)

Large-quantity generators

Sewage

Small-quantity generators

Block of lead

Conditionally exempt small-quantity generators

13)

Which of the following statements are correct about the figure above? (1 point)

It shows three leachate collection zones

It is a schematic of a leachate collection system for a secure landfill.

It is a schematic of a leachate collection system for a sanitary landfill.

The compacted clay liner helps to collect leachate.

14)Please fill in each sentence with the most appropriate word or phrase (15 points).

______ is typically accomplished by bringing gases in contact with various aqueous solutions.

The solubility of gases ______ as the temperature of water increases.

Manning’s formula is based upon _______ flow.

If you are given the mass of compound X and you need to determine the volume that mass will take up, you will need to find the _______ of compound X.

_______ occurs when molecules are physically attracted to surfaces and essentially sit on top of surfaces.

Water pollution control project typically use the ________ flow for design computations of drought flow.

The most common technology for capturing sulfur dioxide emissions is ________.

To determine how flow velocity changes when pipe size changes, we use the concept of continuity of flow. This concept applies to all liquids that are ____________.

Most _______ are not pathogenic, but its presence is used to indicate the presence of possible pathogens.

________ is a physical parameter is water that can interfere with disinfection processes and harbor microorganisms.

The dominant product (resulting molecule) of incineration is______ (for complete combustion).

Activated sludge and/or trickling filters are the most widely used technologies to achieve ___________ treatment.

_______ a measure of the amount of oxygen required to aerobically decompose organic matter in the water.

For a region of the world that has very cold winters and hot summers, you would most likely use ______ as sewer pipe materials.

Sampling frequencies and locations are stipulated in the _____ permit for wastewater effluent standards.

A physical process that can remediate both solid waste and hazardous waste is ________. This is also the least desirable of all possible waste remediation options, both for solid wastes and for hazardous wastes.

1. Absorption

2. Adsorption

3. ARARs

4. Bacteria

5. BOD

6. CO2

7. CO, hydrocarbons, and PCBs

8. Coliforms

9. Aeration

10. Compressible

11. Decrease

12. Denitrofication

13. Density

14. DO

15. Flue gas desulfurization

16. Incompressible

17. Increase

18. Land disposal

19. Leachate

20. Larger

21. MA7CD10

22. Molecular mass

23. Mole

24. NPDES

25. Nonuniform open channel

26. Open channel

27. PVC

28. Perc test

29. Primary

30. Reinforced concrete pipe

31. Secondary

32. Sheet

33. Smaller

34. Settled particles

35. Syngas

36. Temperature

37. Tertiary

38. Turbidity

39. Viruses

40. Volume

15)A solid waste becomes hazardous waste when the waste is listed on one of the four RCRA hazardous waste lists (F, K, P and U lists) published in the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR 261) or possesses at least one of the following characteristics: (Select all that apply!) (3 points)

Corrosivity

Reactivity

Ignitability

Toxicity

16) The removal efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) can be expressed mathematically as: (3 points)

E = 100 * (1-e-wA/Q)

Where E = percent removal efficiency

e = base of natural logarithm, equal to 2.718

w= effective drift velocity

A=total surface area of plates

Q=gas flow rate through the unit

From the equation above, which of the following statements can be directly concluded?

The gas flow rate must be slow and uniform across each plate to obtain high removal efficiencies.

The removal efficiency will increase proportionately with increasing surface area of the electrostatic plates

Doubling the drift velocity will cut the efficiency by half

Increasing drift velocity will increase efficiency, but there is a physical limit to this as we need to maintain constant drift velocity

17) Check all correct statements about wet scrubbers (3 points)

Scrubbers remove gases and vapors through adsorption

Scrubber liquids can react with some off-gas components

Scrubber are capable of removing particulates as well as gases and vapors

Scrubbers have low capital costs and low maintenance cost

18)Which of these are important factors to consider when determining if soil vapor extraction is appropriate for soil remediation of a hazardous waste spill? Check all that apply. (3 points)

Contaminants in the air

Soil type

Melting point of hazardous waste

Henry’s constants of chemicals in hazardous waste

Vapor pressure of chemicals in hazardous waste

19)Which of the following are viable remediation options for soil heavily contaminated with lead and arsenic?[Please do not consider costs or practicality. Just what the technology is capable of doing.] (3 points)

Soil vapor extraction

Soil washing

Solidification

Vitrification

20)Which of the following can be used for hazardous waste treatment? (3 points)

Ion exchange

Composting

Incineration

Bioremediation

Solidification

21)Open channel flow is characteristic of flow in storm and sanitary sewers, streams, rivers, and canals. ____________ is typically used to analyze open channel flow systems. Check all that apply. (3 points)

Hazen-Williams Nomograph

Hazen-Williams Equation

Manning’s Formula

Darcy’s Law

22) Technologies to mitigate CO emissions include which of the following? Check all correct answers. (3 points)

Increasing oxidation potential in off gas systems

Flocculation & filtration

Electrostatic precipitators

Catalytic converters

Precipitation

23) Noise pollution control technologies and personal protective equipment include which of the following? Check all correct answers. (3 points)

Wave cancelling headphones

Zoning laws

Insulation around the source of noise

Off-gas systems

24) Match the word (s) or concept(s) with the appropriate phrase. (3 points)

_____ are emitted directly into the air from a specific source such as a power plant.

_____ plays an important role with regards to atmospheric chemistry in both the troposphere and the stratosphere.

_______ is an example of a toxic air pollutant.

1. Carbon dioxide

2. Benzene

3. Primary pollutants

4. Ozone

25) Please place the appropriate key word or phrase into the sentence that best describes it. Note that there are more key words and phrases than there are sentences. ( 7 points)

____________ is a pipe, channel, or chimney from which pollutants are discharged directly into a body of water or the air.

_____________ are very important since they recycle all molecules and atoms in nature, allowing all wastes to be used by another species.

________ is the destruction of disease-causing microbes in water or sewage effluent, usually by the addition of chlorine, ozone, or UV radiation.

___________ is the pressure exerted by the vapor of a compound in equilibrium with the compound's pure phase at a given temperature.

______________is a biological process for treating garbage and/or sewage sludge, involving aerobic decomposition of organic waste under controlled conditions.

______ is a purification process used after secondary treatment aimed primarily at removing nutrients (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus). It is also known as tertiary treatment.

The ____________ is the maximum concentration of a substance that will dissolve in water at a given temperature.

1. Abiotic

2. Absorption

3. abiotic

4. adsorption

5. advanced treatment

6. acidity

7. biogeochemical cycles

8. Composting

9. Disinfection

10. Point source

11. precipitation

12. redox

13. significant figures

14. Vapor Pressure

15. Volatilization

16. Water solubility

26) Which of the following statements are correct about the following equation: Qin = Qout? (1 point)

It is correct for all fluids

It is called the continuity equation

The consequence of Q1 = Q2 is also that A1 × V1 = A2 × V2

The consequence of Q1 = Q2 is also the doubling of velocity with the doubling of pipe diameter.

27) Please fill in the blanks with the appropriate key word or phrase. Note that there are more key words and phrases than needed for this exercise. (7 pts)

A _____ network of pipes where water can circulate in interconnected loops, is the preferred pipeline layout.

The optimum coagulant dose is usually determined in the laboratory using a _______________.

Pipelines that carry both stormwater and sewage are called ______________.

________ are underground structures that provide access to cleaning, repair, sampling, and flow measurements of pipelines.

_________ is a mechanical cutting or shredding device often used for preliminary treatment of sewage.

_____________are not enforceable and are used as guidelines or suggestions.

_____________ is a water or wastewater sample obtained by mixing individual grab samples taken at regular time intervals over the sampling period.

1. Activated carbon

2. Aeration

3. Asbestos cement

4. Branched

5. Comminutor

6. Combined sewers

7. Composite sample

8. Ductile iron pipe

9. Gridiron

10. Grouting

11. Infiltration

12. Jar test

13. Leakage

14. Lining

15. Manholes

16. Manning’s nomograph

17. Primary MCL

18. Sanitary sewage

19. Secondary standards

28) Which of these conditions are likely to increase BOD? (Check all that apply.) (2 pts)

Heat

Increased calcium content

Increased plant nutrients

increased amounts of U-238

Increased organics