During an election, an exit poll is taken on 400 randomly selected voters and 214

During an election, an exit poll is taken on 400 randomly selected voters and 214 of those polled voted
for Candidate “Jim”. A majority is needed to win the election. We want to see if we can conclude that the
majority (more than 50%) will vote for Candidate “Jim” based on our sample proportion from the exit
poll. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is what we are testing to see and the null hypothesis (Ho) is the
value that we are testing “against”. The null hypothesis is a statement that the parameter (population
value) takes a particular value, while the alternative hypothesis is that the parameter (population value)
falls in some alternative range of values. We test to see if we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude
the alternative hypothesis.
In this scenario, the null hypothesis is that____

A) the population proportion of those voting for Candidate “Jim” is greater than .50 (50%)
B) the population proportion of those voting for Candidate “Jim” is equal to .50 (50%)
2.
We are testing to see if a new drug is more effective in treating high blood pressure than the most
commonly used drug. The drug used most often is known to control blood pressure in 75% of patients
using it. The null hypothesis is that the new drug will control blood pressure in 75% of patients using it
(the same as the most commonly used drug). The alternative hypothesis is that the new drug will control
blood pressure in more than 75% of patients using it.
We would make a Type 2 Error if:

A) We conclude that the new drug controls blood pressure in 75% of patients using it when actually the
new drug controls blood pressure in more than 75% of patients using it.
B) We conclude that the new drug controls blood pressure in 75% of patients using it when actually the
new drug controls blood pressure in 75% of patients using it.
C) We conclude that the new drug controls blood pressure in more than 75% of patients using it when
actually the new drug controls blood pressure in more than 75% of the patients using it
D) We conclude that the new drug controls blood pressure in more than 75% of the patients using it
when actually the new drug controls blood pressure in 75% of patients using it.
3.
Two randomly selected groups of 200 students each were taught two different memorization methods
over a four week period. At the end of four weeks a memorization test with a maximum possible score of
100 was given. The confidence interval of the difference in the two group population mean scores on the
memorization test was (01-03). What statement best reflects the results of this study.
A) the results are not statistically significant, but are of practical significance

B) the results are statistically significant, but probably not of practical significance since the true
population mean difference is a very small percentage of the total points possible (difference in points is
1% to 3% of the total points possible)
C) the results are statistically significant and also of practical significance since the true population mean
difference in points is 1% to 3% of the total points possible.
D) the results are not statistically significant and also not of practical significance
4.
In which situation is a hypothesis test most likely to end with a significant result?
A) 15 subjects in each comparison group and a very effective treatment.
B) 80 subjects in each comparison group and a very effective treatment.
C) 15 subjects in each group and a barely effective treatment.
D) 80 subjects in each group and a barely effective treatment.
5.
In which situation is a hypothesis test most likely to end without a significant result?
A) 15 subjects in each comparison group and a very effective treatment
B) 80 subjects in each comparison group and a very effective treatment
C) 15 subjects in each group and a barely effective treatment
D) 80 subjects in each group and a barely effective treatment
6.
A study asked 500 men who had prostate cancer about their consumption of 50 different foods. One of
the foods is found to have a statistically significant relationship to prostate cancer. The most likely reason
for this is___
A) That the food definitely has a relationship to prostate cancer
B) You would expect to see one significant result when you carry out 50 significance tests.
C) Statistical significance does not imply practical significance
D) There is a third confounding variable contributing to the results
7.
Our hypothesis test is testing to see if there is a difference in the population mean between two groups.
The data for each group has considerable variability. Given that there is considerable variability in the
data for the two groups __________.
A) it will be easy to reject the null hypothesis of “no difference” with a small sample

B) it will be likely we don’t reject the null hypothesis of “no difference” with a small sample
8.
We test whether two group population means differ. The p-value of our test statistic is 0.047 which is
less than or equal to 0.05. What is the most appropriate conclusion we can make with the information
given?
A) We can conclude that the difference in the two group population means is both statistically significant
and practically significant.
B) We can conclude that the difference in the two group population means is neither statistically
significant nor practically significant.
C) We can conclude that the difference in the two group population means is statistically significant, but
we cannot assess whether the difference is practically significant until we are given a confidence interval
for the difference in the two group population means.
9.
Which of the following two statements are correct?
A) A statistically significant result is always practically significant
B) A result that is not statistically significant is never of practical significance
C) It is possible that a statistically significant result is not of practical significance
D) It is possible that a result that is not statistically significant is of practical significance.
10.
A hypothesis test with a statistically significant result indicates that the alternative hypothesis is correct.
A) True
B) False
11.
Researchers must obtain Informed Consent from all human participants in a research study. Informed
Consent requires that participants are informed of the following (check all that apply):
A) Informed consent must describe the research and what is requested of the subjects
B) Informed consent must describe the anticipated risks and potential benefits
C) Informed consent must disclose any alternative procedures or courses of treatment (other than
participation in the study), if any, that may be advantageous to the subject.
D) Informed consent must describe provisions maintaining the subject’s privacy and confidentiality of
records

E) Informed consent must indicate that a subject has the right to leave the study at any time without
penalty or loss of benefits, (benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled to just by agreeing to
participate).