Discuss differences between biologic indicators and biologic monitors and their required

Environmental Toxicology

Question 1

Chapter 4: Discuss differences between biologic indicators and biologic monitors and their required attributes.

Question 2

Briefly describe the uses of modeling in environmental toxicology.

Question 3

Chapter 4/Week 4: Briefly describe one field and one laboratory based approach for assessing the biological and ecological effects of toxic substances. Include advantages and limitations.

Question 4

Paquin et al. (2002): Briefly describe the chronology of major advances in the regulatory approach used in the United States for water-quality criteria.

Question 5

Which is NOT an input parameter to the "Biotic Ligand Model"?

A. Fe

B. pH

C. Ca

D. Na

E. SO4

Question 6

Week 4: Briefly describe the "biotic ligand" with respect to copper toxicity to a fathead minnow.

Question 7

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-1 is micrograms per liter (µg/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 8

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-1 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 9

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-2 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 10

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-2 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 11

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-3 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 12

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-3 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 13

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-4 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 14

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-4 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 15

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-1 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 16

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-1 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 17

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-2 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 18

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-2 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 19

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-3 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 20

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-3 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 21

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-4 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 22

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-4 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 23

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-5 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 24

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-5 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 25

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site OR-1 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 26

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site OR-1 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 27

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site OR-2 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 28

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site OR-2 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 29

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site OR-3 is micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 30

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site OR-3 relative to the acute surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 31

Consider how toxicity varies with DOC concentration. Surface-water sample SB-1 has a DOC concentration of 1.2 mg/L and you calculated the corresponding CMC above. The CMC for a DOC concentration of half of this concentration (0.6 mg/L) is ug/L. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 32

Surface-water sample SB-1 has a DOC concentration of 1.2 mg/L and you calculated the corresponding CMC above. The CMC for a DOC that is twice this concentration (2.4 mg/L) is ug/L. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 33

Now that you have calculated the variation of copper toxicity with DOC concentration with the Biotic Ligand Model, discuss how important DOC is to determining copper toxicity.

Question 34

Describe how the hardness-based CMCs and the Biotic Ligand Model (hardness & DOC based) CMCs (or hazard quotients) compare in terms of reaches of streams where the water-quality criteria are exceeded. In other words, which criteria delineate the most restricted area of impairment and which one delineates the most extensive?