Discuss differences between biologic indicators and biologic monitors and their

Environmental Toxicology

Question 1
Chapter 4: Discuss differences between biologic indicators and biologic monitors and their
required attributes.

Question 2
Briefly describe the uses of modeling in environmental toxicology.

Question 3
Chapter 4/Week 4: Briefly describe one field and one laboratory based approach for assessing
the biological and ecological effects of toxic substances. Include advantages and limitations.

Question 4
Paquin et al. (2002): Briefly describe the chronology of major advances in the regulatory
approach used in the United States for water-quality criteria.

Question 5
Which is NOT an input parameter to the "Biotic Ligand Model"?
A. Fe

B. pH

C. Ca

D. Na

E. SO4

Question 6
Week 4: Briefly describe the "biotic ligand" with respect to copper toxicity to a fathead minnow.

Question 7
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-1 is
micrograms per liter (µg/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 8
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-1 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 9

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-2 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 10
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-2 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 11
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-3 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 12
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-3 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 13
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-4 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 14
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-4 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 15
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-1 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 16
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-1 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 17
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-2 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 18
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-2 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 19
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-3 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 20
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-3 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 21
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-4 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 22
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-4 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 23
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-5 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 24
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-5 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 25
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site OR-1 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 26
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site OR-1 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 27
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site OR-2 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 28
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site OR-2 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 29
On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum
concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site OR-3 is
micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 30
The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site OR-3 relative to the acute
surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal
place (X.X).

Question 31
Consider how toxicity varies with DOC concentration. Surface-water sample SB-1 has a DOC
concentration of 1.2 mg/L and you calculated the corresponding CMC above. The CMC for a
DOC concentration of half of this concentration (0.6 mg/L) is ug/L. Provide your answer to one
decimal place (X.X).

Question 32
Surface-water sample SB-1 has a DOC concentration of 1.2 mg/L and you calculated the
corresponding CMC above. The CMC for a DOC that is twice this concentration (2.4 mg/L) is
ug/L. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X).

Question 33
Now that you have calculated the variation of copper toxicity with DOC concentration with the
Biotic Ligand Model, discuss how important DOC is to determining copper toxicity.

Question 34
Describe how the hardness-based CMCs and the Biotic Ligand Model (hardness & DOC based)
CMCs (or hazard quotients) compare in terms of reaches of streams where the water-quality
criteria are exceeded. In other words, which criteria delineate the most restricted area of
impairment and which one delineates the most extensive?