crm341 all exams latest 2017

EXAM 1

Question 1 In the 1970's the first automated fingerprint identification systems were developed. They are called:

Question 1 options:

ASFC

AFFC

AFIS

None of the above

Question 2 The two layers to friction skin are:

Question 2 options:

Epidermis and Dermis

Inside and Outside

Ulnar and Radial

None of the above

Question 3 Friction Skin Identification is an applied science.

Question 3 options:

True

False

Question 4 Hermann Welcker conducted the first study into the permanence of the details of friction ridges, and the study took 34 years.

Question 4 options:

True

False

Question 5 Friction skin is permanent and is formed during the 8th month of fetal life.

Question 5 options:

True

False

Question 6 What are the three main regions of the palm?

Question 6 options:

Hypothenar, Thenar, and Regional

Interdigital, Thenar, and Hypothenar

Interdigital, Thenar, and Hyperthenar

Thenar, Regional, and Interregional

Question 7 What are the basic tenets of friction skin identification?

Question 7 options:

Friction skin is permanent and unique

None of the above

Friction skin is unique but not permanent

Friction skin is permanent but not unique

Question 8 What is anthropometry? How is it related to the discipline of fingerprint evidence?

Question 8 options:

the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.

It relates to fingerprint evidence as it involves measurement of body portion length of little finger, length of torso designed for the purpose of studying the variation of human physical characteristics and was quickly adapted to create an early identification system

Question 9 Why do identical twins have different fingerprints? How would you explain this in words to a jury?

Question 9 options:

This is because minute differences in the mechanical forces each developing fetus experiences in the uterus as its cells proliferate. Even twins that develop from one zygote occupy different positions in the womb, and the variations are enough to make a difference.

Question 10 Identify four (4) key contributors to the field of fingerprint identification; also describe how their contribution has influenced the discipline.

Question 10 options:

Contributors

1. 1891 - Vucetich. Juan Vucetich, an Argentine Police Official, began the first fingerprint files based on Galton pattern types

2. Sir Francis Galton's began his study of fingerprints during the 1880s, primarily to develop a tool for determining genetic history and hereditary traits.

3. Alphonse Bertillon, director of the Bureau of Identification of the Paris Police, is responsible for the first criminal identification of a fingerprint without a known suspect

4. But Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman found a way to convert fingerprints lifted from the hand to a photographic form that the sensor would accept.

5. New York Civil Service Commission, spearheaded by Dr. Henry P. DeForrest, institutes testing of the first systematic use of fingerprints in the United States.

Question 12 Who published the first book on the science of fingerprints? What were the book's most important contributions to understanding fingerprints?

Question 12 options:

Finger Prints is a book published by Francis Galton through Macmillan in 1892. It was one of the first books to provide a scientific footing for matching fingerprints

Major contribution of the book

1. His study of minutiae in prints provided the foundation for meaningful comparison of different prints, and he was able to construct a statistical proof of the uniqueness, by minutiae, of individual prints.

2. the first workable fingerprint classification system, which was later adapted by E. R. Henry for practical use in police forces and other bureaucratic settings.

Question 13 Are the prints found on the soles of the feet the same as those found on fingertips? Why or why not? Who authored a text describing this phenomenon?

Question 13 options:

The skin on our hands and feet is different.

our fingerprints on each finger and each toe are different from all your other fingers and toes, and also totally unique to you. They are ridges and folds of skin, which help with improved sensation and, to a degree, better grip. Fingerprints are formed from three basic patterns – arches, loops and whorls – with many patterns being formed from combinations of these

Question 14 What Saint Leo Core Value is most applicable to the use of the Bertillon method for identifying an individual? Can you articulate why this is so?

Question 14 options:

The techniques of criminal identification used by American law enforcement today are rooted in the science of anthropometry, which focuses on the meticulous measurement and recording of different parts and components of the human body. Generally, law enforcement believed that each individual had a unique combination of measurements of different body parts, and comparing these measurements could be used to distinguish between individuals.

Alphonse Bertillon was a French criminologist who first developed this anthropometric system of physical measurements of body parts, especially components of the head and face, to produce a detailed description of an individual.

The Bertillon system was introduced in the U.S. in 1887 by R.W. McClaughry, The Bertillon system continued as the dominant criminal identification method both in the U.S. and Europe for almost three decades. In 1903, the case of the "West Brothers" demonstrated the that of the Bertillon system was inadequate .

Question 15 (What is meant by the phrase "natural law"? Does it have an impact on how fingerprints are collected or used as a means of criminal identification?

Question 15 options:

Natural law refers to the uniqueness of fingerprints

The overall formation of the fingerprint patterns are influenced by heredity and follow a genetic master plan. The individual ridges within the overall pattern are affected by their environment during development.

These environmental influences cause biological variation. Biological variation is also known as the natural law of variation .Biological variation results in the random development of the ridges into unique formations and appearance. Once formed, the ridges are permanent and unique

Question 16 In your opinion, what is the significance of Dr.Babler's testifying at a Daubert hearing?

Question 16 options:

The government offered two witnesses focusing principally on the biological aspects of fingerprints. Dr. William Babler, of Marquette University, testified about the prenatal development of friction ridges, opining that unique arrangements of friction ridges develop in the womb within a matter of months after conception.

He also testified to the medical community's accepted understanding of the anatomical and cellular bases for the permanence of friction ridge arrangements

The importance was to ascertain differences on individuals based on fingerprint structure ,DrBabler stated that the difference even in twins became clear within months after conception.

Dr.Babler also opined that friction ridge arrangements are unique and permanent. These propositions were the foundation of the government's argument that latent fingerprint identification evidence satisfies Daubert.

Question 17 What is the dermal papillae and why is it important in fingerprinting?

Question 17 options:

Each ridge of the epidermis is dotted with sweat pores for its entire length and is anchored to the dermis by a double row of protuberances, or papillae. Injuries such as superficial burns, abrasions, or cuts do not affect the ridge structure or alter the dermal papillae, and the original pattern is duplicated in any new skin that grows. An injury that destroys the dermal papillae, however, will permanently obliterate the ridges.

Question 18 What major advance in fingerprint technology was pioneered by Juan Vucetich and Sir Richard Henry? What was the importance of this advance?

Question 18 options:

Juan Vucetich (1858–1925), an Argentinian police official, devised the first workable system of fingerprint identification, and pioneered the first use of fingerprint evidence in a murder investigation.

He soon devised a useable system to group and classify fingerprints, which he called dactyloscopy.

began the first fingerprint files based on Galton pattern types.

Question 19 In 1904, a specific event occurred which changed how two groups viewed fingerprint evidence. What was the event and who were the two groups? Also, what is the importance of these two groups coming to agreement on the importance of fingerprint evidence? Is this still relevant today?

Question 19 options:

On this day, Oct. 28, in 1904, the St. Louis Police Department became the first U.S. police department to use fingerprinting.

For 30 years prior, law enforcement officials measured bony parts of the body to identify criminals.But that system pretty much ended in 1903, when a man named Will West was sentenced to the U.S. Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas. It turned out there was already a prisoner named William West who had the same bone measurements.

The men were identified as the same person, until fingerprints were taken and prison officials discovered they were identical twins.

During the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904, a British sergeant from Scotland Yard showed officials from Leavenworth and St. Louis new fingerprint techniques

It is still relevant today in identifying the difference between twins

Question 20 Why is the West case so important to the fingerprint discipline? Why were the other methods identified not helpful?

Question 20 options:

For 30 years prior, law enforcement officials measured bony parts of the body to identify criminals.But that system pretty much ended in 1903, when a man named Will West was sentenced to the U.S. Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas. It turned out there was already a prisoner named William West who had the same bone measurements.

The men were identified as the same person, until fingerprints were taken and prison officials discovered they were identical twins.

The method used by law enforcement officials to measured bony parts of the body to identify criminals were not useful in identifying difference in twins who had similar body parts

EXAM 2

Question 1 Prints that do not need development to be seen are:

Question 1 options:

None of the above

Visible

Patent

Latent

Question 2 (5 points) Question 2 Und

The FBI team that responds to collect evidence, including fingerprints, is:

Question 3 It is possible to collect a patent impression using Mikrosil casting.

Question 3 options:

True

False

Question 4 A second major limitation of evidence prints is actually not having any evidence prints at all.

Question 4 options:

True

False

Question 5 What are the three types of evidence prints?

Question 6 What affects the type of detail and amount of detail needed to identify a fingerprint?

Question 7 Prints that have been impressed into a substance are called:

Question 8 Do you believe the 160 hour training program for ERT members is sufficient, in light of the types of evidence, including fingerprint identification, to be collected by these personnel? Why or why not?

Question 9 Applying the Core Value of Community, what impact does the AFIS system have on the forensic science discipline?

Question 11 What is your interpretation of Henry Faulds' remark to the scientific journal Nature that "bloody finger-marks or impressions on clay, glass, etc. exist, they may lead to the scientific identification of criminals"?

Question 12 Can fingerprint identifications be the sole source of evidentiary material for a cold case?

Question 13 Who is David Ashbaugh and what is his contribution to fingerprint identification?

Question 16 Would you agree that identification of an individual is possible "when only partial prints are available"? Explain your rationale.

Question 17 Why is a door knob or drawer pull not a good surface for obtaining a latent print? What would be a better surface in your opinion? Why?

Question 18 Who is Richard Allen Davis and how is he connected to the world of fingerprint identification?

Question 19 When a latent print is identified and recovered, is it necessary to document the date in which it was recovered? How does this affect chain of custody. Explain your rationale.

Question 20 What is ACE/V? How does this process impact the judicial system regarding fingerprint evidence?

EXAM 3

Question 1 A fingerprint kit should contain only powder and brushes needed to develop and preserve print evidence.

Question 1 options:

True

False

Question 2 Fingerprint powders are most effective on porous surfaces.

Question 2 options:

True

False

Question 3 Once a print is developed with fingerprint powder, the print is usually:

Question 3 options:

Placed on a contrasting colored backing card

(a) and (c) only

Lifted with tape

Sketched

(b) and (c) only

Question 4 How many methods are there to detect latent prints with LASER?

Question 4 options:

Four

Three

One

Two

Question 5 What are the categories in which latent print development chemicals are used?

Question 5 options:

(a) and (c) only

Special Application Processing

Porous

All of the above

Non-Porous

Question 6 What fingerprint classification is used for an electronic warrant?

Question 6 options:

The Henry classification system

The NCIC classification system

There is no specific code

The Federal Fingerprint System Code

Question 7 What are the three main fingerprint patterns?

Question 7 options:

Loops, arches, and whorls

Deltas, arches, and loops

None of the above

Swirls, arches, and deltas

Question 8 Iodine fuming is the most/least destructive method. Select the correct answer and explain your rationale.

Question 11 What Saint Leo core value is evident in latent fingerprint processing? How do you articulate your opinion to a jury who has heard you testify regarding items you processed for latent fingerprints?

Question 12 Explain how you would process the following items: (A) a semi-melted Hershey® candy bar with a plastic print in the chocolate; and (B) a piece of computer paper halfway submerged in water.

Question 13 Which processing method(s) have an adverse reaction to metal? How can you combat this problem?

Question 14 Would you use Ninhydrin and Small Particle Reagent on the same surface? Explain why or why not.

Question 15 Can you process a visible fingerprint found in blood? If so, which processing method can be used as a blood reagent?

Question 16 Define the following terms as they relate to latent fingerprint development: a) Eccrine, b) Sebaceous, c) Apocrine

Question 17 What processing method(s) react to amino acids? Why?

Question 18 What is the complete sequencing string for a porous surface? Why is the surface type important?

Question 19 Describe the components in a typical fingerprint processing kit. List each item and its function.

EXAM 4

Question 1 Another attribute of the professional is to maintain what as a latent print examiner?

Question 1 options:

Intelligence

Competence

Good physical condition

Certification

Question 2 Which of the following are types of evidence acceptable in court?

Question 2 options:

Inference

Limited

(a) and (b) only

Direct

(a) and (c) only

Question 3 Every time law enforcement misconduct occurs, regardless of whether it happened in a cruiser or in the crime lab, the final result is:

Question 3 options:

None of the above

Diminished credibility

Decrease in convictions

Increase in convictions

Question 4 The terminology "explainable dissimilarity" and "unexplainable dissimilarity" are sometimes used to explain distortion and dissimilarity. These terms should be:

Question 4 options:

Used only when the Examiner can't figure out what type of print is observed

Used frequently

None of the above is correct

Should be avoided

Question 5 Complete the following sentence: Regardless of the scientific or technical discipline, the purpose of the _________ in the legal system is to interpret information and form a conclusion that a jury of laypersons would be incapable of doing.

Question 5 options:

Anyone who testifies

Expert witness

Prosecuting attorney

Defense attorney

Question 6 WGFAST is a group that supports latent examination and training. What does the SWGFAST acronym represent?

Question 6 options:

Scientific Working Group for Forensic Readings, Analysis, Systems and Teaching

Scientific Winning Group of Forensic Ridge Analysts, Students and Teachers

Scientific Working Group for Friction Ridge Analysis, Standards, and Training

Scientific Working Group for Free Ridge Analysis, Standards and Training

Question 7 The first landmark case recognizing the reliability of fingerprints in the US occurred in the 1911 case of:

Question 7 options:

People v Kerry

People v Ricardo

People v Bush

People v Jennings

Question 8 What are the privileges afforded an expert witness, once they are accepted by the court as such? Why is this important for latent print examiners?

Question 9 Can one latent print examiner state that a print was made by one person and another examiner state that the same print was not made by that person, and have both of them be correct? Why or why not? State your rationale.

Question 10 Provide three (3) examples of fingerprints that illustrate distortion. Why is this troublesome for latent print examiners? How does this affect the photography of such prints?

Question 11 List three (3) ways in which Canadian Fingerprint Exhibits differ from American Fingerprint Exhibits. Why do American courts differ regarding how many points of identification are counted?

Question 12 Daubert applies in which type of court? Are they applied in state courts? If so, how many states does that include?

Question 13 Define the meanings of the terms "subjective" and "objective" as it regards latent print examination. Which method is best for latent examination?

Question 14 Using the following ten-print card, list the Henry classification, NCIC classification, and IAFIS classification.

ten print card

Question 15 What type of prints have been accepted as evidence in courtroom cases? List three (3) cases which utilize the different types of prints accepted as evidence.

Question 16 Why is the experience or skill of the examiner the most critical element in the identification process?

Question 17 Does the AFIS identify a latent fingerprint? If so, why? If not, why? State your rationale in a written manner you could articulate in courtroom testimony.

Question 18 Explain Rule 702 and its impact on latent print examinations.

Question 19 List the known standards for identification. Why is this process necessary? How does this apply to reliability in the field? How does this apply to the scientific method?

Question 20 What type of evidence is considered a witness who testifies to personal knowledge derived through one of the five physical senses? Is this evidence more accepted by the jury? Why or why not?