1. The Digit Span Backwards task requires individuals

Upload SPSS dataset files (.sav), output files (.spv), along with this document (Microsoft Word, ending with .doc or .docx)

1. The Digit Span Backwards task requires individuals to repeat a sequence of numbers in backwards order. Fifteen older adults (aged 65+ years) with recent traumatic brain injuries were administered the Digit Span Backwards task when they entered a geriatric brain injury rehabilitation program. The same fifteen older adults were re-administered the task on their last day of rehabilitation treatment. A rehabilitation psychologist wants to know if the older adults had improvements in their Digit Span Backwards scores after treatment. The data (participant ID, initial digit span score, and final digit span score) are stored in an Excel file called Digit Span Backward.xlsx

A. Enter your data into SPSS. Remember to give your variables names and labels of your choice that SPSS can recognize. Save this dataset file (.sav) to a file name of your choice. Upload this data file (.sav) to Canvas when you submit your assignment.

B. What kind of analysis should you perform to determine whether there are differences in the Digit Span Backwards scores at the beginning of rehabilitation and at the end of rehabilitation? In full sentencesdescribe the appropriate analysis to use and why it is appropriate.

C. Will you use a 1- or 2-tailed test?

Justify your answer in full sentences:

D. State your null and alternative hypotheses in full sentences:

H₀:

H₁:

E. What are the mean and standard deviation for Digit Span scores at the initial and final administration of the task? State your answers in full sentences.

F. In SPSS, perform the appropriate analysis on the difference between the initial and final Digit Span Backwards scores for the older adults with brain injuries.

G. Report the results from your analysis in full sentences using APA format to report the test results (t(degrees of freedom) =__ , p = ___) and the confidence interval (95%CI[lower bound, upper bound]). Explain what the numbers in the confidence interval represent (what do they estimate?).

H. In full sentences, make your decision to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on the p-value and the confidence interval.

*P-value

*Confidence interval

2: A researcher has developed an intervention to improve the visual-motor coordination in children with autism. She randomly assigns thirty children with autism to one of two groups: a control group, in which the 15 children receive normal training intervention, and an experiment group, in which the 15 children receive a visual-motor coordination training intervention. She wants to know if the children in the experiment group will have different hand-eye coordination than those in the control group, so she gives them the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test and records the results. She saves data (group type: 1- Experiment Group, 2 - Control Group, test score) from the two groups in a file calledautism experiment.xlsx.

A. Enter your data into SPSS. Remember to give your variables names of your choice that SPSS can recognize. Save this dataset file to a file name of your choice. Upload this data file to Canvas when you submit your assignment.

B. What kind of analysis should you perform to determine whether there are differences in visual-motor coordination scores between the two test conditions? In full sentencesdescribe the appropriate analysis you used and why.

C. State your null and alternative hypotheses in full sentences:

H₀:

H₁:

D. What are the mean and standard deviation for Bender test scores between the control and experiment conditions? State your answers in full sentences.

E. Perform the appropriate analysis on the difference between the control and experimental groups' Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test scores for the children with autism.

F. Report the results from your analysis in full sentences using APA format to report the test results [t(degrees of freedom) =__ , p = ___] and the confidence interval (95%CI[lower bound, upper bound]). Explain what the numbers in the confidence interval represent (what do they estimate?).

G. In full sentences, make your decision to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on the p-value and the confidence interval.

*P-values

*Confidence interval