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Q1. The biological basis of health services has changed dramatically in the past fifty years. What category of biological change has had the greatest impact? a. An improved understanding of the aging process b. An improved understanding of human development c. An improved understanding of the interaction of humans with their environment d. An improved understanding of the molecular basis for disease and illnessQ2. When examining USA mortality data by race (white and black), we find: a. Modern baby delivery technology has eliminated differences in infant mortality between white and black babies b. Since 1995, life expectancy of black people has actually surpassed the life expectancy of white people c. The gap between mortality rates of white people and black people has completely closed d. A gap between mortality rates of white people and black people continues to persistQ3. Ambulatory care is a recent phenomenon. a. true b. falseQ4. When looking at data for 1986 to more recent data comparing access of women to important diagnostic services related to medical disorder peculiar to women, we find that access has remained flat. a. true b. falseQ5. Individuals and health care professionals often have different perceptions of illness and disease. a. true b. falseQ6. The focus on reducing the impact of diseases once they occur in individual patients is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Quaternary preventionQ7. Ambulatory surgery centers, which first arose in the 1970s, provide many surgical services offered by standard hospitals. a. true b. falseQ8. An important role employers can play in public health and preventive services is: a. Contributing to worthy causes that promote public health and prevention b. Maintaining a physician to provide employees with medical services c. Exhorting their employees to pursue good public health practices d. Ensuring the safety of their workers through occupational health effortsQ9. The single greatest source of death one hundred years ago was: a. Chronic diseases b. Life-style related diseases c. Infectious diseases d. AccidentsQ10. Divorce can have a significant impact on the provision of health services. Which of the following items exemplifies this? (Remember, we are looking for a significant impact.) a. Divorce can lead to reduced living standards – it becomes harder to afford medical care b. Divorce can lead to anger between former husbands and wives, which means they won't likely use the same health care providers that they used before splitting up c. The cost of getting a divorce can be high, leaving less money to spend on health care needs d. Divorce strengthens the law profession, a major source of medical malpractice lawsuitsQ11. What led to the great improvement of health services in the United States in the early 20th century? a. The establishment of the Medicare system b. The establishment of the Medicaid system c. Great improvements in medical education and employment of an analytical approach to health services d. The introduction of miracle drugsQ12. Provide the best answer: The increase of domestic population in America is tied to: a. Big increases in illegal immigration – without illegal immigration, population would shrink b. Rapidly increasing birth rates c. The excess of deaths over births d. The excess of births over deaths and immigrationQ13. The need and demand for health care balance out. a. true b. falseQ14. In recent years, employers have been: a. Increasing employee health benefits b. Cutting back on employee health benefits c. Keeping employee health benefits level d. Supporting legislation to provide more health coverage of employeesQ15. It is more difficult for young physicians to set up solo practices today than in the past. a. true b. falseQ16. It is important that policy makers and health care providers be able to measure the access of community members to health care services. Which of the following measures is employed to see financial factors hinder access to adequate health care treatment? a. Hospital bed-to-population ratio b. Percentage insurance coverage c. Race and ethnicity/differentials d. Physician office use measuresQ17. The dominant source of expenditures for health care in the United States is: a. Addressing diseases of the kidney and liver b. Investment in developing new technologies c. Medicare and Medicaid d. State and local governmentQ18. When considering healthcare policy, which of the following issues is the most significant policy issue facing policy makers today: a. Improving the caliber of education at medical school b. Employing information systems to improve healthcare delivery c. Access to health care d. Treating rare diseases that do not normally receive adequate attention from the medical and research communitiesQ19. For solo practice physicians to survive, they often need to: a. Affiliate with larger practices, e.g., with hospitals or managed care organizations b. Purchase more sophisticated technology c. Provide services to uninsured patients d. Locate their practices in low income neighborhoodsQ20. In the USA, large and medium-sized communities established health departments by: a. The late 1700s b. The early 1800s c. The late 1800s d. The early 1900sQ21. With ambulatory care: a. The importance of hospital-provided services has increased b. Many services that were traditionally provided on an inpatient basis are now supplied on an outpatient basis c. Advanced surgical procedures – such as open heart surgery – are performed in the patient's home d. The need for health insurance has diminished.Q22. Historically, hospitals were created to serve the health needs of the wealthy. a. true b. falseQ23. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? a. Establishing laws that prohibit smoking in public places b. Treating diseases in their earliest stages c. Building clinics that focus on medical specialization d. Taking steps during an epidemic outbreak to bring the epidemic to an endQ24. Improvements in information technology have enabled policy makers and health care providers to identify deficiencies in health care access that can be remedied. A significant example of such technology is: a. 4G cell phones b. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) c. Tablet computers, such as the iPad d. Web 3.0Q25. The best way to eliminate AIDS is through: a. Drug interventions with a new generation of drugs b. Drug intervention with "cocktails" of traditional drugs c. Prevention d. AIDS cannot be eliminatedQ26. A doctor treats a patient who complains of arthritic pains in her neck. This is an example of: a. Primary care b. Secondary care c. Tertiary care d. Quaternary careQ27. As a general rule, as a country's population grows, so do its health care costs. a. true b. falseQ28. A surgical team performs heart transplant surgery. This is an example of: a. Primary care b. Secondary care c. Tertiary care d. Quaternary careQ29. It is important that policy makers and health care providers be able to measure the access of community members to health care services. Which of the following measures is employed to see whether the health system itself contributes to adequate access? a. Hospital bed-to-population ratio b. Percentage insurance coverage c. Race and ethnicity/differentials d. Physician office use measuresQ30. What role do public health agencies play in coping with terrorism? a. Screening airline passengers to identify possible terrorists b. Monitoring for potential biological threats and attacks c. Conducting intelligence efforts overseas to surface potential terrorists d. Serving on the National Security CouncilQ31. The Federal government agency that plays a lead role in supporting biomedical research is: a. National Institutes of Health b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention c. Food and Drug Administration d. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid ServicesQ32. Current trends in providing health care suggest that less care will be delivered through hospitals, and more through other sources. a. true b. falseQ33. A worrisome trend in the USA has been the gradual increase of infant mortality since 1960. a. true b. falseQ34. Which of the following best illustrates the statement: "Attitudes have a big impact on care-seeking behavior." a. Patients who dislike hospitals are slow to pay their bills b. People who believe that health care services are likely to help them are more likely to seek health care than those who are skeptical of medical practice c. People who respect their health care provider are likely to share their positive feelings with friends and colleagues d. People who have a bad experience with one health care provider may switch to anotherQ35. Which of the following statements regarding life expectancy is true: a. Across the countries of the world, men – on the average – outlive women b. Across the countries of the world, women – on the average – outlive men c. Women and men have about the life expectancy d. Life expectancy for both men and women has been declining since the 1980sQ36. An advantage of group practice in medicine is that it promotes the sharing of patient care responsibilities among physicians. a. true b. falseQ37. Alternative medicine approaches – including acupuncture, herbal medicine, and dietary supplementation – are growing in the United States. a. true b. falseQ38. Providers and insurers may lack the incentive to invest in preventive services because: a. The payoffs for such services may not be realized for many years b. They do not believe it is their responsibility to play a direct role in controlling public health c. Medicare and Medicaid payments are so low, that it is hard to make a profit providing health care services to the public d. They don't want to eliminate disease, because they make a living treating itQ39. The Federal government agency that plays a lead role in testing new medicines, equipment and procedures to assure their safety and efficacy is: a. National Institutes of Health b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention c. Food and Drug Administration d. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid ServicesQ40. Individual physicians make important contributions to maintaining good public health in society through: a. Their financial contributions to health care programs b. Their active participation in public health societies c. Their attempts to control health care costs d. The clinical preventive services they offer
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