Which of the following levels of consciousness involve

Question 1

Which of the following levels of consciousness involve our  total attention  to the task at hand

a) Higher levels of consciousness/awareness

b) Lower level awareness

c) Subconscious awareness

d) Unconsciousness

Question 2

There are several different levels of consciousness. Which one typically involves the process of  daydreaming

a) Higher levels of consciousness/awareness

b) Lower level awareness

c) Subconscious awareness

d) Unconsciousness

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding our need for adequate amounts of sleep?

a) Sleep helps restore our physical and mental energy

b) Physical and brain development occur while we sleep

c) Memory is helped in that sleep aids us in putting information into long term memory

d) All the above

Question 4

Which of the following  is not associated with chronic sleep deprivation

a) Physical and psychological problems

b) Decision making and problem solving abilities

c) Our performance and alertness usually remain stable

d) Complexity of the brain activity taking place becomes impaired

Question 5

The recommended number of hours of sleep for an adult is closest to which of the following:  (only one answer accepted)

a) 6

b) 7

c) 8

d) 9

Question 6

Which of the following neurotransmitters play a role in sleep regulation

a) Melatonin

b) Epinephrine

c) GABA

d) Norepinephrine

Question 7

Hypnosis, sensory deprivation, and drug use can induce which of the following levels of consciousness in most people

a) Lower level of awareness

b) Altered state of awareness

c) No awareness (unconsciousness)

d) Subconscious awareness

Question 8

S evere dependency [e.g., addiction]  refers the which of the following characteristics a person will develop  through repeated and persistent drug use

a) The person may go through painful periods of withdrawal if they stop taking the drug

b) If the addiction has been successfully treated,  the person may still have a tendency to want to

take the drug again

 

c) Addiction causes changes in the person's personality and behavior

d) All the above

Question 9

Someone who has developed a  tolerance  to a drug means that the person

a) Is withdrawing from the drug, which may include pain and cravings

b) Requires more of the drug over time in order to achieve the same desired effect

c) Requiring less of a drug with greater use of the drug

d) Is in need of more sleep in order to counteract the effects of the drug

Question 10

Which of the following drugs acts as a  disinhibitor  in our nervous systems

a) Alcohol

b) Cocaine

c) Caffeine

d) Nicotine

Question 11

Drugs derived from which of the following classifications are used to treat severe pain

a) CNS Stimulants

b) Hallucinogens

c) Minor tranquilizers

d) Opiates

Question 12

Marijuana may cause which of the following symptoms or effects  (not that anyone would know from personal experience!)

a) Distortion of time, sense, and erratic/excessive verbal behavior

b) Prolonged use may decrease the sperm count in males and alter the menstrual cycle in females

c) Increase in excitability, depression, mild hallucinations

d) All the above

Question 13

When someone's life revolves solely around obtaining and using drugs, they would be considered to be [Read this one very carefully]

Question 13 options:

a) Psychologically dependent

b) Physically dependent

c) Severely dependent on the drug in order to survive

d) None of the above

Question 14

The current legal limit of a person's blood-alcohol concentration that determines whether one is DWAI )  [driving while ability impaired] is  (think this through!)

a).05

b).07

c).08

d).10

Question 15

Binge Drinking is defined as

a) Having more than 3 drinks in one sitting at least 3x/month

b) Having at least 3 drinks in one sitting at least 1x in one month

c) Having at least 5 drinks [men], 4 drinks [women] in one sitting at least once in a 30 day period

d) Drinking a beer or glass of wine every night

Question 16

For the majority of the drugs we discussed in class and that are reviewed in the text, which of the following neurotransmitters is  the most significant one that impacts the limbic systems/pleasure centers of the brain

a) Serotonin

b) Dopamine

c) GABA

d) Epinephrine

Question 17

The drug that many consider to be the  MOST ADDICTIVE of all drugs as we discussed in class is  [CAREFUL-MANY HAVE GOTTEN THIS ONE WRONG!]

a) Caffeine

b) Cocaine

c) Nicotine

d) Marijuana

Question 18

Freud's studies focused on which of the following levels of awareness?

a) Higher

b) Lower

c) Subconcious

d) Unconscious

Question 19

Besides the use of drugs, which of the following can induce an altered state of consciousness?

a) Sensory Deprivation

b) Hypnosis

c) Meditation

d) All the above

Question 20

The stage associated with dreaming during sleep is

a) Stage 1

b) Stage 2

c) Stage 3

d) Stage 4

e) R.E.M.

Question 21

Name two characteristics related to the function of REM Sleep

1

2

Question 22

True or false: marijuana has no medicinal value

True

False

Question 23

The commonly used drug Ritalin is in which category of drugs?

CNS stimulants

CNS depressants

Hallucinogens

Opiods

Question 24

One of the reasons that the combination of caffeine and alcohol is some alcoholic drinks can be so deadly is

a) It's no more deadly drinking too much than is drinking alcohol in excess

b) The caffeine works to mask the depressant effects of alcohol, so the person feels less intoxicated than

hey truly are.

c) No deaths have been attributed to this combination of drugs

d) None of the above

Question 25

Energy drinks have never caused a death

a) True

b) False

Question 26

In Pavlov's experiments with classical conditioning involving dogs, which of the following is the  unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

a) The  food presented to the dog

b) A  bell paired with the presentation of food for the dog

c) Salivating in anticipation of receiving the food

d) Salivating  whenever the dog  hears a bell that was previously rung while food

Question 27

Which of the following is true regarding classical conditioning?

a) The  unconditioned response requires previous learning to have occurred

b) The  conditioned response is typically similar, but not exactly identical, to the  unconditioned response

c) No  association is formed between the  unconditioned stimulus and the  conditioned stimulus

d) Behavior following a conditioned response is  voluntary  was being presented

Question 28

You receive a high grade in one course by using a successful strategy to study. When you take another course, you use these same study habits and also do well in the new course. Your ability to successfully use the same strategy in these  two different situations is referred to as

a) Generalization

b) Discrimination

c) Spontaneous recovery

d) Extinction

Question 29

The disappearance of a previously classically conditioned response to an initially neutral stimulus (e.g., a bell) is referred to as

a) Generalization

b) Discrimination

c) Spontaneous recovery

d) Extinction

Question 30

Watson and Raynor's classic study involved (poor) little Albert being conditioned to fear a white rat. Following this, he began to fear other similar objects such as a white stuffed animal, a rabbit, a white blanket, and cotton balls. This would be an example of

a) Generalization

b) Discrimination

c) Inhibition

d) Spontaneous recovery

Question 31

The  most accurate  description about the  use of punishment is

a) Punishment is effective in  eliminating  behavior

b) Punishment typically only  suppresses  unwanted behavior

c) When used, it is most effective when paired with reinforcement of appropriate behavior

d) Both b and c

Question 32

An example of  (-) reinforcement  would be  (think this one through!)

a) Giving something  pleasurable to someone when they exhibit appropriate behavior

b) Taking  away something the person feels is  unpleasant following an appropriate behavior

c) Removing  something  pleasant when the person engages in appropriate behavior

d) Administering something  unpleasant when a person engages in an  unacceptable behavior.

Question 33

Shaping is the process in behavior modification that

a) Involves rewarding the person in small steps until the goal or target behavior is reached

b) Is a process that involves many aspects of  classical conditioning

c) Does not require rewards except for when the person reaches the target/desired behavior

d) Involves insight learning

Question 34

Behavior modification is based on the ideas and theories of  [think this through!]

a) Pavlov

b) Bandura

c) Erickson

d) Skinner

Question 35

After this exam it is most likely that you will

a) 1. Start reading the remaining chapters!

b) Really  begin to wonder what you have gotten yourself into

c) Look at the  great  course offerings in psychology for the spring semester.

d) Run out of my house and enter an altered state of consciousness as quickly as possible!!!

Question 36 (15 points)

Choose one of the following: [15 points partial credit given] BE AS SPECIFIC AS POSSIBLE AND EXPLAIN

EACH ANSWER AS COMPLETELY AS POSSIBLE.

A. Sleep is a critical aspect of our lives. We will typically sleep at least 1/3 of our lives away. Without enough sleep, we become impaired in our ability to conduct business as usual. Note at least  four areas  that are affected by sleep deprivation and  indicate what these effects are on our bodies and minds.

OR

B. Drug abuse continues to be a major concern in today's society. Experimentation and regular use by young children, adolescents, and adults can pose significant difficulties during their day to day lives. Pick  one class of drugs  as we discussed in class ( careful about class vs. different subclasses within the broadest range), note at least  3 drugs in the class of drugs you picked, and cite some of their  psychological and physical effects , both short and long term, on our bodies and minds . [If you are not sure what I'm looking for here, ask before answering]

Question 37 (15 points)

Pick one of the following

A. After watching the video on Ecstasy.

1. What do you think about how the drug was treated, going from legal to being illegal?

2. Should ecstasy be returned to legal status? Why or why not?

3. What are your impressions about how the  government dealt with the ecstasy 'problem', given that this occurs with many other drugs (e.g., marijuana).

Make sure you note specific examples from the video in order to back up your answers.

OR

B. Which of the 'illegal' drugs that we covered in class, if any, would you allow for legalization for recreational use? Be specific in your answer- why, what would the benefits (and risks) be if they were legalized, Should marijuana continue to be classified as a Schedule I drug, meaning there is NO evidence of medical use for it, and being classified in the same area as heroin.

Question 38 (5 points)

Based on what you have learned about the need to sleep, propose at least 3 ways that people who are sleep deprived can ease this problem in order to function at their best most of the day.

Question 39 (5 points)

What was the most important thing that you were able to take away from the section on psychoactive drugs from both the information and the discussion?

Paragraph

Lato (Recommended)

19px (Default)