Which of the following describes structures

Question

1 of 25

Which of the following describes structures from the conduction zone?

Pharynx, alveolar sacs, alveoli, trachea

Bronchus, nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx

Nasal cavity, respiratory membrane, alveoli, bronchus

Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli

Pharynx, larynx, bronchus, alveoli

Question

2 of 25

What structure in the nasal cavity serves to increase the surface area of the mucosa exposed to air?

Palate

Conchae

Nasal septum

Nares

Paranasal sinuses

Question

3 of 25

What is internal respiration?

The intake of atmospheric air into the body

Gas exchange between the atmospheric air and the blood

Gas exchange between the lungs and the body tissues

Gas exchange between the blood and the tissue cells

Intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide from tissue cells

Question

4 of 25

What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity decreases in size and inspiration occurs.

When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity increases in size and expiration occurs.

When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity decreases in size and expiration occurs.

When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity decreases in size and external respiration occurs.

When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity increases in size and inspiration occurs.

Question

5 of 25

What determines the flow of gases across the respiratory membrane?

Gases are dissolved in the plasma and flow through the respiratory membrane gaps.

Gases flow from lower to higher concentration using simple diffusion.

Gases flow from a higher to lower concentration using simple diffusion.

Gases attach to a hemoglobin molecule and then travel across the membrane.

Gases are dissolved in the plasma and cross using facilitated diffusion.

Question

6 of 25

Which of the following describes the movement of carbon dioxide?

Carbon dioxide moves from alveolar air into pulmonary capillaries.

Carbon dioxide moves from pulmonary capillaries into alveolar air.

Carbon dioxide moves from blood to tissue cells.

Carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin and is removed through the kidneys.

Carbon dioxide moves from blood to oxyhemoglobin.

Question

7 of 25

What is the significant function of the residual volume?

It expands the lung volume.

It increases the surfactant of the alveoli.

It allows gas exchange to continue even between breaths.

It represents the total lung capacity of a body.

It keeps the oxygen levels as low as possible.

Question

8 of 25

What area(s) of the brain are involved in the control of breathing?

Medulla only

Cerebellum only

Pons only

Medulla and the cerebellum

Medulla and the pons

Question

9 of 25

What is an important chemical stimulus that affects breathing rate?

Increased calcium levels

Increased anxiety

Increased carbon dioxide levels

Increased potassium levels

Increased mucous production in the bronchus

Question

10 of 25

What is the proposed reason for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Decreased oxygen flow across the respiratory membrane

Impaired neural control of respiration

Increased build-up of carbon dioxide

Impaired respiratory membranes

Decreased alveolar elasticity

Question

11 of 25

Which of the following is associated with COPD?

Lack of mucous production resulting in excessive coughing

Cessation of breathing due to anxiety

Hyperventilation resulting in metabolic alkalosis

A genetic disorder with excessive mucous production

Respiratory failure and respiratory acidosis

Question

12 of 25

In which major digestive organ does most food absorption occur?

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Liver

Colon

Question

13 of 25

What layer of the alimentary canal contains nerve fibers and lymphatic tissue?

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis externa

Serosa

Visceral peritoneum

Question

14 of 25

What is the process of chewing called?

Deglutition

Absorption

Segmentation

Defecation

Mastication

Question

15 of 25

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by which of the following structures?

Plicae circularis and intestinal villi

Brunner's glands

Digestive enzymes

Rugae

Gastric pits

Question

16 of 25

Which of the following describes permanent teeth?

There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge

There are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge

The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth.

The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth.

The number of permanent teeth varies widely from person to person.

Question

17 of 25

Which of the following describes saliva?

It is composed of water only.

It contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins.

It is produced by the palatine tonsils.

It serves to warm food before it is swallowed.

It dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted.

Question

18 of 25

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

Chief cells

Parietal cells

Serous cells

Alpha cells

Mucous neck cells

Question

19 of 25

What is the enzymatic breakdown of a food molecule called?

Diffusion

Active transport

Hydrolysis

Synthesis

Denatured

Question

20 of 25

The mucosa tunica of the esophagus is lined with what type of cells?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified columnar epithelium

Microvilli epithelium

Pseudostratified squamous epithelium

Ciliated columnar

Question

21 of 25

Digestion of which of the following would be most affected if the liver were severely damaged?

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Starches

Monosaccharide

Question

22 of 25

The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

Severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes.

This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset.

Bile would be released from the gall bladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.

The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food.

Acid reflux would develop and cause damage to the esophagus.

Question

23 of 25

What are the essential amino acids?

Amino acids produced by the human body.

Amino acids that must be obtained through diet.

Amino acids that are building blocks of carbohydrates.

Amino acids released from the hydrolysis of lipids.

Amino acids that make up the essential vitamins.

Question

24 of 25

What is basal metabolic rate?

Total amount of kilocalories needed to fuel daily activities

Total amount of kilocalories burned in a day

Total amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time at rest

Total amount of heat produced in a day

Total difference between energy used and kilocalories consumed in a day

Question

25 of 25

A person who has collapsed due to dehydration but still maintains effective heat loss mechanisms is experiencing what disorder?

Heat exhaustion

Heat stroke

Hypothermia

Fever due to pyrogens

Dysfunction of the hypothalamus