WestCoast PATH370 2021 February Week 7 Quiz Latest

PATH370 Pathophysiology

Week 7 Quiz  

Question 1          In adrenocortical insufficiency, such as Addison disease, the most severe manifestations are the result of

An insufficient amount of T4 and T3

Deficiencies in the renin-angiotensin system

 An insufficient amount of circulating cortisol

Decreased levels of all the adrenocortical hormones

Question 2          Individuals with diabetes mellitus are particularly susceptible to infections of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

 Skin

 Vagina

Esophagus

 Urinary tract

Respiratory passages

Question 3          The strong risk factors for colon cancer include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Aging

Gender

 Heredity

 Crohn disease

 High-fat diet

Question 4          Which characteristic is found in the condition of cholelithiasis (gallstones)?

The presence of gallstones universally creates colicky symptoms.

 Gallstones are twice as frequent in women as in men.

Gallstones can be treated only through surgery.

Asians are at highest risk for gallstones.

Question 5          Children who have midline craniocerebral defects, nystagmus, retinal abnormalities, and other midline or midfacial abnormalities (e.g., cleft lip or palate) should be evaluated for deficiencies in

Growth hormone

T3 and T4 hormones

Parathyroid hormone

Corticosteroid hormones

Question 6Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease share several similarities. Specific distinctions or differences that are unique to Crohn disease include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

 Smoking’s increasing the risk

 Pain that is severe and localized

Increased risk for colorectal cancer

 Primary affecting of the proximal portion of the colon

Increased risk of developing intestinal cancer

Question 7          Diabetes mellitus is most accurately defined as a disorder that affects

The utilization of fats and glucose

Glucose metabolism and utilization

The metabolism of glycogen stores and glucose

 The utilization of all energy nutrients

Question 8          Heartburn is most likely the consequence of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

The backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus

 Stimulation of the esophageal sensory nerve endings

A defect in the diaphragm

 An esophageal spasm

Portal hypertension

Question 9          The conditions of pituitary gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults are produced by excessive levels of

Growth hormone

Thyroid hormone

Antidiuretic hormone

Corticosteroid hormone

Question 10        When damage occurs to the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-producing cells in the hypothalamus from head trauma, intracranial tumors, or neurosurgery, what disorder is suggested by a large diuresis of very dilute urine?

Kidney damage

Diabetes mellitus

 Diabetes insipidus

Adrenogenital syndrome

Question 11        The patient’s perceived difficulty in swallowing, the general inability to initiate swallowing, or even the feeling that swallowed solids or liquids “stick” in the throat is called

Dyspepsia

Stomatitis

 Dysphagia

Odynophagia

Question 12        Regarding both acute and chronic cholecystitis, which statement is true?

Chronic cholecystitis is often caused by fever and bacterial infection, whereas acute cholecystitis is not.

 Rupture of the gallbladder is more likely to occur with acute rather than chronic cholecystitis.

Mild jaundice is more likely to be seen in chronic cholecystitis than in acute cholecystitis.

Symptoms of chronic cholecystitis generally occur after a meal.

Question 13        The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus most closely resembles that of

Type 1 diabetes.

 Type 2 diabetes.

Genetic defects of β-cells.

Chemical-induced diabetes.

Question 14        Cushing syndrome differs from Cushing disease in that the term Cushing syndrome is used only to describe

Hypercortisolism caused by prolonged use of corticosteroid drugs

Hypercortisolism caused by ectopic nonpituitary tumors

 Hypercortisolism manifestations, regardless of cause

Hypercortisolism that is pituitary dependent

Question 15Macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus include

Ischemic cerebrovascular accidents

Retinopathy and nephropathy

Capillary basement membrane thickening

Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents

Question 16Most gallstones among patients in the United States are formed from

Pigment polymers

 Cholesterol

Calcium

Sulfur

Question 17        The most serious consequence of acute pancreatitis resulting from biliary obstruction is

Reoccurring episodes of hypoglycemia

 The development of circulatory shock

Its conversion to chronic pancreatitis

Stimulation of pancreatic proenzymes

Question 18        What likelihood is there that gestational diabetes will persist or recur after pregnancy?

Gestational diabetes markedly increases the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

If glucose tolerance returns after pregnancy, there is low likelihood of recurrence of diabetes mellitus.

 About 90% of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus will have a recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.

Women with gestational diabetes have about the same incidence of developing type 2 diabetes as women in the general population.

Question 19At present, universal vaccination of children is recommended for: (Select all that apply)

Hepatitis A

 Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis E

Question 20        Esophageal varices are a complication of liver disease and are a result of

Biliary obstruction

Systemic hypertension

 Elevated portal pressure

Weakness of esophageal walls