Using the idiographic approach, Allport identified three different kinds

IAUSS Psychological Personality: Midterm Exam

Multiple Choice Questions (only one correct answer)

1. Using the idiographic approach, Allport identified three different kinds of personality traits. Which of the following does NOT belong to the three trait types?

A. Central traits

B. Secondary traits

C. Third traits

D. Cardinal traits

 

2. What statistical technique is used to identify how trait terms cluster together?

A. Correlation analysis

B. Multi-level analysis

C. Factor analysis

D. Regression analysis

 

3. The best study method that answers the question how people develop over a long time is to track a large number of people over their lives. This method is called:

A. Longitudinal study

B. Cross-sectional study

C. Clinical trial study

D. Case study

 

4. Cronbach’s alpha is a statistic that measures:

A. Temporal consistency

B. Internal consistency

C. Inter-rater reliability

D. Construct validity

 

5. A self-report measure asks participants to rate their agreement on a 5-point scale from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree. This type of rating scale is known as:

A. Dichotomous scale

B. Universal scale

C. Likert scale

D. Weight scale

 

 

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6. In a self-report test, some people may answer questions to make themselves appear more cooperative, likable, or socially appropriate than they really are. This tendency is called:

A. Patterned responding

B. Acquiescent responding

C. Reactant responding

D. Socially desirable responding

 

7. Three separate judges are asked to rate the personality of the same participant independently. Researchers then calculate the average correlation among the scores of the three judges. This process is to measure which of the following?

A. Criterion validity

B. Convergent validity

C. Inter-rater reliability

D. Test-retest reliability

 

8. Based on Freud’s personality theory, according to what principle does the “id” operates?

A. The pleasure principle

B. The reality principle

C. The reflex action principle

D. The identification principle

 

9. Which of the following is NOT one of Freud’s defense mechanisms?

A. Self-actualization

B. Sublimation

C. Rationalization

D. Projection

 

10. How many attachment types did Ainsworth propose based on her findings from the Strange Situation experiment?

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Essay Questions

1. First, describe the five factors of the personality trait theory. There are two commonly used methods of identifying the five factors, the Big Five Model and the Five-Factor Model. They share a lot in common but also present some disparities. Describe the similarities and differences between the two models.

· Five factors of the personality trait theory:

· Conscientiousness: Competency, Orderly, Dutiful, Achievement-oriented, Self-disciplined as well as deliberate

· Agreeableness: Trustworthy, Compliant, Modest, Tender Minded as well as Altruistic

· Neuroticism: Anxiousness, Depression, Self-consciousness, impulsiveness as well as vulnerability

· Openness to experience: Prone to fantasy, open to feelings, diverse behavior, new and different ideas as well as various values and beliefs

· Extraversion

· Similarities:

·

 

2. Describe the different types of reliability and validity measures. Can you have validity without reliability? Can you have reliability without validity? Why?

3. Describe Freud’s structural and topographic model of personality.

4. According to Freud, what are the psychosexual stages of development? What is a fixation? In what two ways is a fixation expressed?