University of Phoenix Material Final Examination (v2)

1. The study of cells is

a. cytology

b. histology

c. molecular biology

d. microbiology

e. surface anatomy

1. In a positive feedback mechanism, the response of the effector

a. reverses the original stimulus

b. enhances the original stimulus

c. has no effect on the original stimulus

d. is usually damaging to the body

e. creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis

1. Ionic bonds form when

a. atomic nuclei fuse

b. atoms become ionized

c. neutrons are transferred from one atom to another

d. protons are lost from atoms

e. electrons are shared between two atoms

1. Reactions that bond atoms or molecules together are called _______ reactions.

a. hydration

b. synthesis

c. hydrolysis

d. reversible

e. oxidation

1. Sugars

a. are the body's source of immediate energy

b. are the building blocks of nucleotides

c. provide much of the structure of body cells and tissues

d. contain the genetic information of the cell

e. insulate and cushion the body

1. The nuclear envelope

a. separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell

b. is a rigid protein membrane

c. is not permeable

d. has a single layer of phospholipids

e. regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell

1. Recognition proteins

a. are binding sites for other molecules

b. utilize the G protein complex to function

c. are found only on endoplasmic reticulum

d. allow cells to recognize one another

e. provide a "door" through which extracellular molecules can enter the cell

1. Which of the following is a function of muscle tissue?

a. conduction of action potentials

b. secretion and absorption of molecules

c. support of other tissue types

d. contraction

e. shock absorption

1. Nervous tissue

a. functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage

b. exists in three forms: yellow, red, and brown

c. contains large amounts of extracellular matrix

d. is located in the brain and spinal cord

e. does not contain lipids

1. Reddening of the skin (blushing) is the result of the

a. quantity of melanin in the skin

b. number of keratinocytes in the skin

c. increased blood flow in the dermis

d. thickness of the stratum basale

e. number of melanocytes in the skin

1. What does structure "A" represent on the diagram?

a. hair follicle

b. arrector pili

c. dermis

d. hypodermis

e. sebaceous gland

12. When blood calcium levels are high

a. osteoclast activity increases

b. calcitonin secretion increases

c. calcium absorption is increased

d. bones lose bone tissue

e. osteoblast activity decreases

13. What does structure "B" represent on the bone diagram?

a. cancellous bone

b. diaphysis

c. epiphyseal lines

d. articular cartilage

e. epiphysis

14. What does structure "C" represent?

a. frontal bone

b. occipital bone

c. parietal bone

d. sphenoid bone

e. temporal bone

15. The figure illustrates bones of the right upper limb. What does "B" represent?

a. radius

b. carpals

c. phalanges

d. metacarpals

e. ulna

16. The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "A" represent?

a. femur

b. fibula

c. tarsals

d. tibia

e. patella

17. The joint between the trochlea of the humerus and the proximal end of the ulna is a _____ joint.

a. plane

b. saddle

c. hinge

d. pivot

e. ball and socket

18. What does structure "B" represent on the diagram?

a. tendon

b. articular cartilage

c. bursa

d. fibrous capsule

e. synovial membrane

19. Which of the following is composed of actin molecules?

a. thick myofilaments

b. thin myofilaments

c. Z disks

d. sarcolemma

e. tropomyosin

20. What does "D" represent on the diagram?

a. threshold

b. depolarization

c. depolarization phase of action potential

d. repolarization phase of action potential

21. The extension of the elbow represents a

a. class I lever system

b. class II lever system

c. class III lever system

d. class IV lever system

e. non-lever system

22. Label muscle "D" on the diagram.

a. orbicularis oculi

b. temporalis

c. trapezius

d. sternocleidomastoid

e. masseter

23. What does "B" represent?

a. coracobrachialis

b. deltoid

c. pectoralis major

d. biceps brachii

e. serratus anterior

24. The peripheral nervous system includes the

a. nerves

b. spinal cord

c. brain

d. brain stem

e. CSF

25. Identify structure "B" on the neuron.

a. Schwann cell

b. Node of Ranvier

c. neuron cell body (soma)

d. dendrites

e. axon

26. The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "A" represent?

a. postsynaptic membrane

b. synaptic cleft

c. synaptic vesicle

d. voltage-gated calcium channel

e. presynaptic terminal

27. Which of the following plexuses gives rise to the femoral nerve?

a. cervical plexus

b. thoracic plexus

c. brachial plexus

d. lumbar plexus

e. coccygeal plexus

28. Label component "C" on the reflex arc.

a. sensory receptor

b. effector organ

c. sensory neuron

d. motor neuron

e. interneuron

29. A small lesion in the brain which resulted in clumsy behavior would probably be located in the

a. medulla oblongata

b. pons

c. cerebellum

d. hypothalamus

e. cerebrum

30. The midbrain

a. consists of a broad band of gray matter

b. is found inferior to the diencephalon

c. is a band of commissural fibers that connects the right cerebral hemisphere to the left cerebral hemisphere

d. connects the frontal lobe to the occipital lobe

e. connects the frontal lobe to the parietal lobe

31. Which nerve controls mastication?

a. facial nerve

b. vagus nerve

c. trigeminal nerve

d. glossopharyngeal nerve

32. Which of the following is responsible for balance ?

a. nose

b. tongue

c. skin

d. ear

e. eye

33. Label area "E" on the cerebral cortex.

a. visual cortex

b. primary motor cortex

c. primary somatic sensory cortex

d. motor speech area (Broca's area)

e. sensory speech area (Wernicke's area)

34. The figure is a sagittal section of the eye. What does "B" represent?

a. iris

b. pupil

c. lens

d. conjunctiva

e. cornea

35. Which of the following is an effector controlled by the somatic nervous system?

a. cardiac muscle

b. glands

c. skeletal muscle

d. smooth muscle in blood vessels

e. smooth muscle in the digestive system

36. Identify structure "C" on the bottom diagram.

a. autonomic ganglion

b. somatic motor neuron

c. effector organ (smooth muscle of GI tract)

d. postganglionic neuron

e. preganglionic neuron

37. The nervous system

a. releases neurotransmitters into ducts

b. secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream

c. communicates via frequency-modulated signals

d. contains organs called exocrine glands

e. is isolated from the nervous system

38. Consider the following events in the membrane bound receptor model:

1: Hormone receptor binds the hormone
2: G protein is triggered
3: Second messenger is produced
4: Protein kinases are activated
5: Calcium channels are opened

Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?

a. 1, 3, 5

b. 1, 3, 4

c. 1, 2, 3

d. 3, 4, 5

e. None of these events occur in the nucleus

39. The posterior pituitary

a. rests in the sella turcica

b. is also called the neurohypophysis

c. is located inferior to the pituitary gland

d. regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland

e. is located superior to the thalamus

40. The major secretory products of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex are

a. glucocorticoids

b. mineralocorticoids

c. androgens

d. catecholamines

e. cortisol and ADH