Quiz 1: The Scientific Method and Introduction to Microbiology (25 points)

Below is a copy of Quiz 1 (25 points). Read carefully and answer the questions. This is an open book quiz, however, you are expected to do your own work and for the short answer questions write the answers using your own words*.Submit as a Word or rtf attachment in the Assignment folder for Quiz 1.

Please save your Quiz 1Answer Sheet in the following format or the file name: Your Last Name, first name initial_Quiz 1 (e.g., Smith, J_Quiz 1). I download all of the quizzes and read them off-line and your name will prevent any problems with having your responses replaced by those of a classmate.

The quiz is due by 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time March 22, 2015. Points will be deducted for unapproved late submissions (see Grading Policy in the syllabus) and those submitted after March 26 will not be graded and will earn 0 points.

Part A. Select the best answer(s) or fill in the blank (1 point each).

1. Using the scientific method to explain an observation (2 correct answers)

a. stops you from making mistakes

b. is only useful for scientific experiments

c. lets you correct mistakes

d. always produces the correct answer

e. includes a hypothesis that is testable and falsifiable

2. Koch's postulates provided guidelines for

a. understanding the process of fermentation.

b. relating certain microorganisms with certain diseases.

c. creating a vaccine to trigger the body's immune system to develop antibodies that fight microbes.

d. sterilizing surgical instruments.

3. What was Edward Jenner's contribution to microbiology?

a. He proposed the germ theory.

b. He developed the compound microscope.

c. He discovered how to create a vaccine to trigger the body's immune system to develop antibodies that fight microbes.

d. He developed the binomial nomenclature system.

4. The binomial name for the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosisrepresents:

a. its kingdom and genus names.

b. its genus and species names.

c. its family and class names.

d. its domain and family names.

Part B. Short answers (write answers as complete sentences and in your own words*).

Important:You mustinclude a complete citation for the source(s) of information you used to answer each question (full citations may be placed at the end as long as in-text citations are provided). Points will be deducted for incomplete citations and no points will be earned for answers without sources cited.

5. (2 points) List the six major types of microbes and their domains in the three domain scientific classification system.

6. (2 points) True or False? Viruses, bacteria, and protists are uniquely characterized by their respective size. Explain why using specific examples to support your answer. No points for only stating true or false.

7. (2 points) Eubacteria and Archaea are domains of prokaryotic cells and organisms in the Eukarya domain are eukaryotic cells. Describe at least four characteristics that distinguish prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells. (This should be a comparison of differences).

8. (5 points) The table below outlines a series of experiments Pasteur performed to demonstrate that bacterial contamination of nutrient broth did not develop by the spontaneous generation of microbes, but was caused by cells on dust particles in air that entered the containers. Each flask contained a nutrient-rich broth that was boiled at the start of the tests. Based on Pasteur's experiments on spontaneous generation, what predictions can you make about the growth of microorganisms in each flask? Why was the broth boiled? Which flasks are controls and why? Brieflyexplain how the experiments supported or refuted the doctrine of spontaneous generation of bacteria.

Flask 1 is open to the air

Flask 2 is sealed so that no air enters

Flask 3 has a horizontal neck that is open to the air, but the air entering is sterilized

Flask 4 is a swan-neck flask left open to the air

9. (4 points)

a. Describe an example of hypothesis-driven science described in Chapter 1 of Boundless Microbiology or "History of Microbiology" in Course Module 1 and the importance of the findings.

b. Describe an example of discovery-based science described in Chapter 1 of Boundless Microbiology or "History of Microbiology" in Course Module 1 and the importance of the findings.

10. (6 points) Read and answer the questions for the following article about a TB-related clinical trial.

The JAMA Network Journals. (2015, January 12). Shorter combination treatment as effective as monotherapy for TB prevention in kids. ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 24, 2015 fromwww.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150112135426.htm

a. What was the purpose and hypothesis of the trial?

b. What experiment(s) did the scientists perform?

c. What were the independent and dependent variables of the study?

d. What was the control group?

e. What data were collected to address the purpose of the trial?

f. What was the major conclusion of the study and its importance?

g. What caveat about the therapy was mentioned in the ScienceDaily article?

h. Is any important information about how the study was performed left out in the ScienceDaily article? If so, what information is missing?

*Links to tutorials and examples of how to avoid plagiarism and to write in your own words are provided in the Syllabus. For guidelines on citing sources see "Why We Cite", "How We Cite", and "APA Styles" in 's Information and Library Services Cite Right Citation Tutorial (the link is in the Useful Tools box) and "APA Styles" athttp://www..edu/library/citationguides.shtml.