Test Banking - Chapter 19 The Circulatory System: Heart

          Chapter 19 The Circulatory System: Heart

True / False Questions

1. The pulmonary circuit is supplied by both the right and the left sides of the heart. True   False

2. The systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only.

True   False

3. The fibrous skeleton of the heart serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles. True   False

4. Blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardium's oxygen and nutrient needs.

True   False

5. Desmosomes form channels that allow each cardiomyocyte to electrically stimulate its neighbors. True   False

6. Parasympathetic stimulation reduces heart rate.

True   False

7. The cardiac plexus and cardiac nerves dominate the innervation of the heart and contains both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers.

True   False

8. Cardiac muscle can only use glucose as a source of organic fuel. True   False

9. If the SA node is damaged, nodal rhythm is sufficient to sustain life.

True   False

10. Repolarization of a ventricular cardiomyocyte takes longer than repolarization of a typical neuron. True   False

11. Atrial hypertrophy would probably cause an enlarged P wave on an electrocardiogram.

True   False

12. Papillary muscles prevent the AV valves from prolapsing (bulging) excessively into the atria when the ventricles contract.

True   False

13. The ventricles are almost empty at the end of ventricular diastole. True   False

14. Ventricular pressure increases the fastest during ventricular filling.

True   False

15. Hypercapnia and acidosis have positive chronotropic effects. True   False

16. Endurance athletes commonly have a resting heart rate as low as 40 bpm, and a stroke volume as low as 50

mL/beat. True   False

17. Exercise causes the ventricles to hypertrophy.

True   False

Multiple Choice Questions

18. Which of the following carry oxygen-poor blood?

A. Pulmonary veins and vena cavae

B. Aorta and pulmonary veins

C. Aorta and vena cavae

D. Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries

E. Pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries

19. Which of the following belong to the pulmonary circuit?

A. Aorta and venae cavae

B. Aorta and pulmonary veins

C. Pulmonary arteries and venae cavae

D. Venae cavae and pulmonary veins

E. Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins

20. Which of the following is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart?

A. Parietal pericardium

B. Visceral pericardium

C. Endocardium

D. Epicardium

E. Myocardium

21. The heart is located in the space called the   .

A. pericardial cavity

B. mediastinum

C. abdominal cavity

D. pleural cavity

E. myocardium

22. The apex of the heart is found            of the midline of the body.

A. to the right

B. to the left

C. in the center

23. Pericardial fluid is found between the             and the                .

A. visceral pericardium; myocardium

B. visceral pericardium; epicardium

C. parietal; visceral membranes

D. myocardium; endocardium

E. epicardium; myocardium

24. The are the superior chambers of the heart and the                are the inferior chambers of the heart.

A. visceral percardia; parietal pericardia

B. ventricles; atria

C. atria; ventricles

D. left ventricles; right ventricles

E. left atria; right atria

25. The shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles is called the .

A. coronary sinus

B. interventricular sulcus

C. interventricular septum

D. coronary sulcus

E. left atrium

26. The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart's chambers is called the             of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the        .

A. apex; base

B. atrium; ventricle

C. ventricle; atrium

D. base; apex

E. endocardium; epicardium

27. The performs the work of the heart.

A. fibrous skeleton

B. pericardial cavity

C. endocardium

D. myocardium

E. epicardium

28. The right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) regulates the opening between the            and the

 A. right atrium; left atrium

B. right atrium; right ventricle

C. right atrium; left ventricle

D. left atrium; left ventricle

E. left ventricle; right ventricle

29. Oxygen-poor blood passes through the         .

A. right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves

B. right AV (tricuspid) valve only

C. left AV (mitral) and aortic valves

D. left AV (mitral) valve only

E. pulmonary and aortic valves

30. Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by                .

A. breathing

B. gravity

C. valves contracting and relaxing

D. osmotic gradients

E. pressure gradients

31. The valve regulates the flow of blood between the right ventricle and the vessels leading to the lungs.

A. right atrioventricular

B. left atrioventricular

C. aortic

D. pulmonary

E. mitral

 

32. The carry blood toward the lungs.

A. pulmonary arteries and veins

B. pulmonary trunk and arteries

C. pulmonary trunk and veins

D. superior and inferior venae cavae

E. aorta and pulmonary arteries

33. Which of the following blood vessels receives blood directly from the right ventricle?

A. Pulmonary trunk

B. Ascending aorta

C. Superior vena cava

D. Inferior vena cava

E. Right pulmonary vein

34. The chordae tendinae of the AV valves are anchored to the of the ventricles.

A. papillary muscles

B. pectinate muscles

C. trabeculae carnae

D. interventricular septum

E. interatrial septum

35. After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the                .

A. right ventricle

B. pulmonary trunk

C. superior vena cava

D. ascending aorta

E. left atrium

36. Which of the following directly stems from the ascending aorta before it branches into the circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch?

A. Right coronary artery

B. Great cardiac vein

C. Right coronary vein

D. Left coronary artery

E. Left coronary vein

37. Obstruction of the    will cause a more severe myocardial infarction (MI) than the obstruction of any of the others.

A. left marginal vein

B. left coronary artery (LCA)

C. posterior interventricular vein

D. anterior interventricular branch

E. circumflex branch

38. Which of the following is a feature shared by cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

A. Muscle fiber striations

B. Dependence upon nervous stimulation

C. Communication via electrical (gap) junctions

D. Intercalated discs

E. Autorhythmicity

39. The is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat.

A. sympathetic division of the nervous system

B. autonomic nervous system

C. sinoatrial (SA) node

D. atrioventricular (AV) node

E. cardiac conduction system

40. Which of the following is not part of the cardiac conduction system?

A. Sinoatrial (SA) node

B. Tendinous cords

C. Atrioventricular (AV) node

D. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)

E. Subendothelial conducting network

41. Which of the following is not a feature of cardiac muscle?

A. They depend almost exclusively on aerobic respiration.

B. They are rich in glycogen.

C. They have larger than average mitochondria.

D. They are very rich in myoglobin.

E. They have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers.

42. Which is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiomyocyte in the left ventricle (LV)?

A. Sinoatrial (SA) node ? atrioventricular (AV) bundle ? atrioventricular (AV) node ? Subendothelial conducting network ? cardiomyocyte in LV

B. Atrioventricular (AV) node ? subendothelial conducting network ? atrioventricular (AV) bundle ? sinoatrial (SA) node ? cardiomyocyte in LV

C. Atrioventricular (AV) node ? sinoatrial (SA) node ? atrioventricular (AV) bundle ? Subendothelial

conducting network ? cardiomyocyte in LV

D. Sinoatrial (SA) node ? atrioventricular (AV) node ? atrioventricular (AV) bundle ? Subendothelial

conducting network ? cardiomyocyte in LV

E. Sinoatrial (SA) node ? atrioventricular (AV) node ? Subendothelial conducting network ? atrioventricular (AV) bundle ? cardiomyocyte in LV

43. The pacemaker potential is a result of             .

A. Na+ inflow

B. Na+ outflow

C. K+ inflow

D. K+ outflow

E. Ca2+ inflow

44. The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of            .

A. Na+ inflow

B. K+ inflow

C. K+ outflow

D. fast Ca2+ channels

E. slow Ca2+ channels

45. When sodium channels are fully open, the membrane of the ventricular cardiomyocyte         .

A. sharply hyperpolarizes

B. sharply repolarizes

C. sharply depolarizes

D. plateaus

E. has no reponse

46. Cells of the sinoatrial node   during the pacemaker potential.

A. depolarize fast

B. depolarize slow

C. repolarize slow

D. repolarize fast

E. depolarize slow and repolarize fast

47. Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a(n)    .

A. ectopic focus

B. sinus rhythm

C. nodal rhythm

D. heart block

E. arrhythmia

 

48. If the sinoatrial (SA) node is damaged, the heart will likely beat at      bpm.

 

 

A. 0 to 10

B. 10 to 20

C. 20 to 40

D. 40 to 50

E. 70 to 80

49. The provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction.

A. extracellular fluid

B. mitochondria

C. sarcoplasmic reticulum

D. Golgi apparatus

E. cytoskeleton

50. Atrial systole begins .

A. immediately before the P wave

B. immediately after the P wave

C. during the Q wave

D. during the S-T segment

E. immediately after the T wave

51. Atrial depolarization causes the          .

A. P wave

B. QRS complex

C. T wave

D. first heart sound

E. quiescent period

52. The long plateau in the action potential observed in cardiomyocytes is probably related with                staying longer in the cytosol.

A. Na+

B. K+

C. Ca2+

D. Cl-

E. Na+, K+, and Ca2+

53. The long absolute refractory period of cardiomyocytes           .

A. ensures a short twitch

B. prevents tetanus

C. makes the heart prone to arrhythmias

D. prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses

E. causes the pacemaker potential

54. An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following?

A. The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.

B. The signal is traveling too quickly to the AV node.

C. Ventricular contraction is taking longer than usual.

D. Ventricular contraction is faster than usual.

E. The atria are not contracting.

55. In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the    .

A. R wave

B. QRS wave

C. P wave

D. S wave

E. T wave

56. When the left ventricle contracts, the             valve closes and the       valve is pushed open.

A. mitral; pulmonary

B. right AV; pulmonary

C. right AV; aortic

D. mitral; aortic

E. aortic; pulmonary

57. Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to leak back into the         when the ventricles contract.

A. left atrium

B. right atrium

C. aorta

D. pulmonary trunk

E. pulmonary arteries

58. Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the of the electrocardiogram.

A. P wave

B. P-Q segment

C. R wave

D. S-T segment

E. T wave

59. During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles          .

A. falls rapidly

B. rises rapidly

C. remains constant

D. rises and then falls

E. falls and then rises

60. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the             heart sound that occurs when the           .

A. lubb (S1); atria contract

B. dupp (S2); atria relax

C. lubb (S1); ventricles contract

D. dupp (S2); ventricles relax

E. lubb (S1); ventricles relax

61. When the aortic semilunar valve closes and blood bounces off of it, it produces the  heart sound that is ultimately related to when the       .

A. lubb (S1); atria contract

B. dupp (S2); atria relax

C. lubb (S1); ventricles contract

D. dupp (S2); ventricles relax

E. lubb (S1); ventricles relax

62. Which is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle?

A. Ventricular filling ? isovolumetric contraction ? isovolumetric relaxation ? ventricular ejection

B. Ventricular filling ? isovolumetric relaxation ? isovolumetric contraction ? ventricular ejection

C. Ventricular filling ? ventricular ejection ? isovolumetric contraction ? isovolumetric relaxation

D. Ventricular filling ? isovolumetric relaxation ? ventricular ejection ? isovolumetric contraction

E. Ventricular filling ? isovolumetric contraction ? ventricular ejection ? isovolumetric relaxation

 

63. Most of the ventricle filling occurs     .

A. during atrial systole

B. when the AV valve is closed

C. during ventricular systole

D. during atrial diastole

E. during isovolumetric contraction

64. When the ventricles relax, the            valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle.

A. aortic

B. pulmonary

C. mitral

D. left AV

E. right AV

65. Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle  .

A. can cause pulmonary edema

B. can cause systemic edema

C. increases the ejection fraction of the right ventricle

D. reduces the ejection fraction of the left ventricle

E. increases cardiac output in both ventricles

66. Assume that the left ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiacoutput of 2,400 mL/min. His SV is                mL/beat and his HR is     bpm.

A. 30; 80

B. 40; 60

C. 80; 30

D. 150; 16

E. 16; 150

67. Stroke volume is increased by             .

A. high arterial blood pressure

B. negative inotropic agents

C. increased venous return

D. increased afterload

E. dehydration

68. The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called the     .

A. cardiac reserve

B. preload

C. afterload

D. stroke volume

E. cardiac output

69. Cardioinhibitory centers in the            receive input from          .

A. cortex; proprioceptors in the muscles

B. thalamus; chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata

C. hypothalamus; proprioceptors in the joints

D. medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch

E. pons; baroreceptors in the internal carotid

70. The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to          .

A. the end-systolic volume

B. the end-diastolic volume

C. the afterload

D. the heart rate

E. contractility

71. Mercury is used to measure blood pressure because it is       compared to other liquids.

A. more dense

B. less dense

C. darker in color

D. lighter in color

E. warmer

True / False Questions

72. The ventricles are the thicker more powerful chambers of the heart. They pump blood to the lungs and body.

True   False

Muliple Choice Questions

73. Electrical signals pass between cardiomyocytes through the .

A. gap junctions

B. desmosomes

C. tight junctions

D.emidesmosomes

 

True / False Questions

74. Blood pressure is usually measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) but could be measured with any liquid, such as water (mm H20).

True   False

75. The amount of blood pumped through the pulmonary circuit is less than the amount pumped through the systemic circuit.

True   False