Science cannot be reduced to a simple definition

Science cannot be reduced to a simple definition

Question # 00296195 Posted By: kimwood Updated on: 05/25/2016 02:25 PM Due on: 06/24/2016
Subject History Topic General History Tutorials:
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Question 1 of 50

2.0 Points

Science cannot be reduced to a simple definition. Nevertheless, some basic statements can describe it. Which is not one of them?

A.Science is a body of useful and practical knowledge.

B.Scientists use “scientific methods”, in the pursuit of knowledge.

C.Science is changeless over time.

D.Scientists use tools and mechanical devices to reach conclusions.

Question 2 of 50

2.0 Points

Who is often called the “first scientist”?

A.Newton

B.Einstein

C.Darwin

D.Whewell

Question 3 of 50

2.0 Points

Select the relationship that is most accurate:

A.Science shapes culture

B.Culture shapes science

C.Science and culture shape each other

D.Science and culture are separate entities

Question 4 of 50

2.0 Points

What innovation was not used by early Mesopotamian civilizations?

A.A developed writing system

B.Small-scale irrigation

C.The three-field system

D.The 12-month calendar

Question 5 of 50

2.0 Points

Egyptian medicine was highly developed in the area of

A.anatomy

B.pharmacy

C.physiology

D.epidemiology

Question 6 of 50

2.0 Points

The Pre-socratic philosophers attempted to

A.discern the fundamental building blocks of nature

B.explain how the gods intervened in nature

C.develop practical war technologies

D.develop ideas of human evolution

Question 7 of 50

2.0 Points

Hippocrates is known for his

A.theory of water displacement

B.insistence that health requires a balance of the four bodily humors

C.idea that curing disease requires strong medical intervention

D.surgical innovation

Question 8 of 50

2.0 Points

In Aristotle’s philosophy

A.the earth and the heavens obeyed the same physical laws

B.the earth and the heavens obeyed different physical laws

C.the earth’s movements determined the motions of the heavens

D.there was no underlying order to the earth or the heavens

Question 9 of 50

2.0 Points

Science in the Hellenistic Period flourished especially in

A.Athens

B.Rome

C.Carthage

D.Alexandria

Question 10 of 50

2.0 Points

Claudius Ptolemy is known for his

A.heliocentric theory

B.implimentation of the equant in his geocentric theory

C.blending Egyptian cosmology with Greek astronomy

D.invention of geometry

Question 11 of 50

2.0 Points

Chinese science

A.advanced more quickly than in the West because of the long, stable history of the area

B.was significantly influenced by other cultures

C.was especially innovative and showed continuous progress

D.was controlled by the emperors

Question 12 of 50

2.0 Points

Chinese cosmology was based on

A.observation and measurement

B.the principles of yin and yang

C.the idea that the heavens and earth were wholly unrelated

D.the notion that everything in nature was disordered and capricious

Question 13 of 50

2.0 Points

In Chinese medicine, the body is seen as

A.microcosm that mirrored the heavenly order

B.inert and gaining life only through actions of the gods

C.a machine

D.composed of either yin or yang

Question 14 of 50

2.0 Points

Science in the early Islamic world was

A.discouraged because it challenged religion

B.encouraged as a way to appreciate God and nature

C.ignored because the primary interest was in technology

D.extremely supernatural in its focus

Question 15 of 50

2.0 Points

The early caliphs supported the effort to translate works of other cultures because they

A.did not want their subjects to engage directly in scientific activity

B.wanted to keep non-Muslim scholars living under their rule occupied

C.recognized the value of the scholarly work of other cultures

D.were anxious to appear superior to other cultures

Question 16 of 50

2.0 Points

Mathematics in the 10th century Islamic world was

A.discouraged as dangerous to religious belief

B.used to make terrestrial and celestial measurements

C.primitive relative to that of other contemporaneous cultures

D.largely theoretical, with little practical application

Question 17 of 50

2.0 Points

After the fall of Rome, the invading northern tribes

A.adopted the classical Greek theoretical perspective of nature

B.focused on developing innovative agricultural technologies

C.rejected all scientific and technological activity

D.assimilated their own scientific ideas with those of Rome

Question 18 of 50

2.0 Points

In Islamic Spain (8th to 11th centuries)

A.Christian scholars were regularly persecuted

B.many classical writings were translated into Arabic and Latin

C.only incomplete fragments of classical writings were assessable

D.interest in scientific activity was extremely low

Question 19 of 50

2.0 Points

During the Renaissance of the 12th Century,

A.universities began to be established in cities

B.contact with Muslim scholars was banned

C.churchmen hailed the defeat of science by religion

D.the feudal system became stronger than ever before

Question 20 of 50

2.0 Points

Astrology in the Middle Ages was

A.rejected as a hoax

B.a respected profession

C.a subject engaged in only by non-Christians

D.the primary tool used by physicians in diagnosing disease

Question 21 of 50

2.0 Points

Science in medieval Italy

A.was always inferior to that of Northern Europe

B.was patronized by wealthy merchant families

C.developed unique characteristics due to Italy’s isolation from other regions

D.rejected ideas of the ancient Greeks

Question 22 of 50

2.0 Points

Which was a result of the advent of the printing press?

A.Scholarly dialogue was now possible throughout Europe.

B.The printed works were full of errors and inferior to handwritten manuscripts.

C.Printed books were costly, so only the wealthy could afford them.

D.Only the Bible was allowed to be printed.

Question 23 of 50

2.0 Points

Long sea voyages in the 14th and 15th centuries was made possible by

A.improvements in the making maps and ships

B.solving the problem of how to determine longitude

C.ships being made bigger to accommodate storage of more supplies

D.increase in safety features that reduced the possibility of shipwreck

Question 24 of 50

2.0 Points

Andreas Vesalius was

A.a 15th century physicist who developed a theory of atomic particles

B.a Bolivian general

C.a professor of anatomy who challenged Galen’s ideas

D.an Italian artist who illustrated many medical texts

Question 25 of 50

2.0 Points

One of the new diseases that ravaged Europe extensively in the 15th century was

A.epilepsy

B.gout

C.syphilis

D.ague

Question 26 of 50

2.0 Points

Which of the following were not considered one of the themes of the Scientific Revolution

A.Nature was a machine

B.Instruments quantified phenomena

C.Observation was the primary investigation strategy

D.Practical values of science were championed

Question 27 of 50

2.0 Points

Which of the following methods did not support the techniques of inquiry during the Scientific Revolution?

A.Experimentation

B.Induction

C.Deduction

D.Teleology

Question 28 of 50

2.0 Points

While most scholars date the Scientific Revolution as beginning in the 16th century, French physicist and historian Pierre Duhem argued that it began much earlier. To which century did he believe it started?

A.12th

B.13th

C.14th

D.15th

Question 29 of 50

2.0 Points

In studying the relationship of women to the Scientific Revolution, one labeled this period:

A.The death of nature

B.The death of nurture

C.The death of wisdom

D.The death of women

Question 30 of 50

2.0 Points

Of the following, who did not make scientific contributions during the Scientific Revolution?

A.Mary Boyle

B.Sofia Brahe

C.MariaWilkelmann

D.Carolyn Merchant

Question 31 of 50

2.0 Points

Which term is not associated with the centrality of the Sun?

A.Heliocentrism

B.Geocentrism

C.Copernicanism

D.Hermeticism

Question 32 of 50

2.0 Points

Kepler’s view of the cosmos is best describes as:

A.Five perfect spheres

B.Five perfect solids

C.Five perfect planes

D.Five perfect planets

Question 33 of 50

2.0 Points

Which book was authored by Kepler?

A.On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

B.Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

C.The Starry Messenger

D.Harmony of the Worlds

Question 34 of 50

2.0 Points

Of the following, which is least true about Kepler?

A.His mother was burned at the stake for being a witch

B.He has been accused in the death of Tycho Brahe

C.He rejected astronomy as unscientific

D.He developed laws of planetary motion

Question 35 of 50

2.0 Points

Galileo made numerous contributions to science. Which was not one of his?

A.The discovery of Jupiter’s moons

B.The theory of oceanic tides on Earth

C.The science of kinematics

D.The science of celestial mechanics

Question 36 of 50

2.0 Points

Paracelsus was notable for linking alchemy with:

A.Healing

B.Astronomy

C.Gold

D.Temperature

Question 37 of 50

2.0 Points

Which of the following did Giordano Bruno use with his magical tradition?

A.Talisman

B.Iatrochemistry

C.Antisepsis

D.Hermeticism

Question 38 of 50

2.0 Points

Which of the two are best described as being entwined into the fabric of the Scientific Revolution?

A.mechanization and experimentation

B.mechanization and observation

C.observation and experimentation

D.observation and investigation

Question 39 of 50

2.0 Points

What is the general term for a contained space in which no air exists?

A.Vacuum

B.Plenum

C.Barometer

D.Thermometer

Question 40 of 50

2.0 Points

Which of the following individuals is most associated with air-pump experimentation?

A.Thomas Hobbes

B.Evangelista Torricelli

C.Robert Boyle

D.Aristotle

Question 41 of 50

2.0 Points

What is the term that best describes experimentation by cutting open live organisms?

A.Dissection

B.Vivisection

C.Operation

D.Circulation

Question 42 of 50

2.0 Points

In what settings were science experiments not performed during the early 17th century?

A.Scientific laboratories

B.Private homes

C.Instrument shops

D.Coffeehouses

Question 43 of 50

2.0 Points

Isaac Newton wrote the most number of words in his lifetime on what subject?

A.Physics

B.Astronomy

C.Optics

D.Religion

Question 44 of 50

2.0 Points

Newton made contributions to many fields in his life time. Which of the following mathematical systems did he co-discover?

A.Algebra

B.Calculus

C.Geometry

D.Trigonometry

Question 45 of 50

2.0 Points

Which of the following is not one of Newton’s laws of motion?

A.every object either remains at rest or motion along a straight line unless an outside force acts upon it

B.force equals mass times acceleration

C.for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

D.the squares of the periods of revolution of any two planets are equal to the cubes of their mean distances from the Sun

Question 46 of 50

2.0 Points

The religious viewpoint during the Enlightenment is often called deism. It suggests that the best analogy for God is a:

A.Watchmaker

B.Scientist

C.Philosopher

D.Priest

Question 47 of 50

2.0 Points

According to some historians like Thomas Hankins, what was the most important Enlightenment contribution to the modernization of science?

A.Performing public demonstrations

B.Establishing royal patronage

C.Creating scientific disciplines

D.Uniting science and religion

Question 48 of 50

2.0 Points

Chemistry developed out of the tradition of

A.Alchemy

B.Pharmacy and medicine

C.Metallurgy

D.Alchemy, medicine, and metallurgy

Question 49 of 50

2.0 Points

The phlogiston theory was valuable because it

A.Was a correct way of explaining transmutation.

B.Allowed combustion, calcination, metabolic processes to all be explained by a single theory.

C.Permitted chemists to explain the chemical world in terms of atoms.

D.Was a way to describe vital forces in nature.

Question 50 of 50

2.0 Points

The salons in the 18th century were   

A.Establishments that provided spa services for ladies.

B.Private venues at which women could participate in scientific discussions.

C.Bars in Paris targeted by prohibitionists who believed alcohol was detrimental to human health.

D.Men-only social clubs frequented by scientists.

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    Tutorial # 00291548 Posted By: kimwood Posted on: 05/25/2016 02:25 PM
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