Research Methods in CJ Please help!

Empirical research is first a mathematical rather than a logical operation.
a. True
b. False
0 points
QUESTION 2
Which of the following would represent a distribution of those arrested on a holiday weekend?
a.
the exact number of persons arrested for violation of specific statute numbers
b.
a partial list of persons arrested with the corresponding statute number they allegedly violated
c.
the number of persons arrested for violent crimes, the number of persons arrested for property crimes but not the number of persons arrested for public order crimes
d.
a list of people arrested for DUI only
0 points
QUESTION 3
Univariate analysis and subgroup comparisons focus on describing variables while bivariate analysis focuses upon people.
a. True
b. False
0 points
QUESTION 4
Because extremes in a distribution (a very large or very small number) can impact the mean, it is usually important to examine measures of dispersion about the mean.
a. True
b. False
0 points
QUESTION 5
Of the three measures of central tendency, which one takes into account extreme values?
mode
median
Mean
mode and median
0 points
QUESTION 6
The range is a measure of central tendency.
a. True
b. False
0 points
QUESTION 7
With respect to standard deviation, which of the following statements is correct?
it is the distance separating the highest and lowest value
it is the square of the variance
it can be a positive or negative number
comparing standard deviations for different groups of cases indicates relative amounts of dispersion within each group
0 points
QUESTION 8
When reporting marginals for univariate analysis, the presentation must be in raw numbers and cannot be reported in percentages.
a. True
b. False
0 points
QUESTION 9
Chi Square is based on the ___________________.
null hypothesis
mean
range
descriptive statistics
0 points
QUESTION 10
Which of the following do not represent measures of dispersion?
ranges
Means
standard deviations
variance
0 points
QUESTION 11
In calculating the rate of female rapes within New York City, which of the following would appear to be the best data for the denominator?
females living in New York City
all people living in New York City
all males living in New York City since nearly all rapes are committed by males
females over the age of 21 living in New York City
0 points
QUESTION 12
In a distribution of sentence lengths in months like the following: 6, 12, 10, 18, 24, 360; which statistic would a researcher not want to report?
standard deviation
Mean
range
raw numbers

Which statement is true regarding rates?
Rates are fundamental inferential statistics in criminal justice research.
Rates are used to standardize some measure for comparative purposes.
In criminal justice crime rates per 100,0000 population is a common convention in reporting.
These are the only governmental statistics that are calculated to discuss crime
0 points
QUESTION 14
When calculating the mean, the researcher should use data measured at which level?
nominal
ordinal
Interval
both interval and ordinal
0 points
QUESTION 15
When using inferential statistics all of the following assumptions are accurate except _____.
the sample must be drawn from the population about which inferences are being made
the inferential statistics assume simple random sampling
as long as the sample is drawn from a population that resembles the one about which inferences are to be made, the resulting statistic has value
inferential statistics are addressed to sampling error only, they do not consider non-sampling errors
0 points
QUESTION 16
Summary averages or measures of central tendency include the mode, mean, and range.
a. True
b. False
0 points
QUESTION 17
Dr. Jones wanted to display the findings of the sentences given in his local courthouse on one summer day. If the sentences, displayed in months, were 10, 18, 24, 36, 18, 70, 30, then which of the following measures of central tendency is accurate?
the mean is 24
the median is 24
the mode is 24
the median is 26
0 points
QUESTION 18
Which of the following represents a discrete variable?
Gender
annual salary
age
hours worked
0 points
QUESTION 19
Which of the following is not a guideline for the presentation of tabular data?
there is no need to display information about missing data, include only that information which pertains to the independent and dependent variables
when using percentages in a table, the base on which the percentages are computed should be indicated
a heading or title for the table should be given that succinctly describes what is contained in the table
the attributes of each variable should be clearly indicated
0 points
QUESTION 20
Which of the following is inaccurate concerning the construction of explanatory bivariate tables?
the cases are divided into groups according to attributes of the independent variable
each of the subgroups is then described in terms of attributes of the dependent variable
the table is read by comparing the independent variable subgroups with one another in terms of a given attribute of the dependent variable
the cases are divided into groups according to attributes of the levels of measurement.
0 points
QUESTION 21
Measures of dispersion are not appropriate for which types of variables?
Interval
ratio
Ordinal
discrete

Bivariate analyses typically have an explanatory purpose.
a. True
b. False
0 points
QUESTION 23
Which of the following is accurate concerning empirical research?
empirical research is a mathematical rather than a logical operation
mathematics is a very difficult but efficient language
criminal justice is the applied branch of mathematics
empirical research is a logical rather than a mathematical operation
0 points
QUESTION 24
Which of the following represent a continuous variable?
gender
race
Age
religious affiliation
0 points
QUESTION 25
Tests of statistical significance should not be calculated on relationships observed in data collected from whole populations.
a. True
b. False
0 points
QUESTION 26
The use of rates in the reporting of criminal justice data allow the researcher to _____.
standardize by sample size
make more meaningful comparisons
explain methodology
select random sample
0 points
QUESTION 27
When reading a table for bivariate analysis that displays percentages of some attributes, what is the rule of thumb for reading the table?
if it adds up to 100% the statistics are accurate
if the table is percentaged down, read across and if the table is percentaged across, read down
if the table is percentaged down, read down and if the table is percentaged across, read across
the table may explain levels of measurement
0 points
QUESTION 28
To calculate the mean for grouped data, which of the following steps must be completed?
multiply the number of subjects within each category by the value of that category
divide the results of the multiplication
multiply by the number of subjects
multiply each large number with the smaller numbers
0 points
QUESTION 29
Bivariate and multivariate analyses are aimed primarily at _____.
description
exploration
Explanation
application
0 points
QUESTION 30
Which of the following would be an inappropriate manner to report findings on the variable gender?
Median
mode
raw numbers
percentages
0 points
QUESTION 31
Which of the following is an accurate statement?
if the mean is much higher than the mode, it indicates that there are no extreme cases
if the standard deviation is high, it indicates that there is no variability
if the mean is the same as median, it indicates that the mode will be higher.
Whenever the mean is much higher than the mode, it indicates that the mean is distorted
0 points
QUESTION 32
The sum of squared deviations from the mean divided by the number of cases is the _____.
Variance
range
the sum of the squared variance
standard deviation
0 points
QUESTION 33
Which of the following is a test of statistical significance?
regression
chi square
gamma
lambda
0 points
QUESTION 34
Measures of central tendency include all except _____.
standard deviation
median
mean
mode
QUESTION 35
In univariate analysis, missing data can be reported in several different ways.
a. True
b. False
0 points
QUESTION 36
With respect to standard deviation, which of the following statements is not correct?
the total deviation is zero
the average deviation is zero
the value can range from negative 1 to positive 1
the sum of the deviations from the mean will always be zero
0 points
QUESTION 37
Which of the following is true concerning the use of multivariate tables?
they are constructed in different manner than a bivariate tables
they include only one independent variable
The dependent variable is explained in terms of more than one independent variable
subgroups are generally described as subsamples in the table
0 points
QUESTION 38
When we generalize from samples to larger populations, we use inferential statistics to test the significance of an observed relationship.
a. True
b. False