Rasmussen MCB2289 2019 January Full Course Latest

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 01 Discussion

Plagues to Patients

Throughout history, humans have battled outbreaks of disease; many lost their lives to diseases before treatments and cures were discovered. Modern science and medicine have become efficient in developing vaccines and medications to control and treat the outbreaks, but whether or not the diseases will ever truly be eradicated is in question. Considering how many of these infectious diseases exist and how easily they spread, it is important to remember safety issues to reduce and prevent transmission.

For your initial post, research a specific infectious outbreak in history and share your finding with your classmates. Be sure to include the following information in your initial post (one paragraph):

Disease name

Infectious agent (is the disease bacterial, viral, fungal?)

Mode of transmission

Signs and symptoms of the disease

Treatment (or treatments) available

Try not to duplicate another classmate's topic.

After considering all of your research, explain the impact of infection rates in health care environments and who or what you think is the culprit.

For your reply post, expand on your peer's ideas by sharing examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to support the topic, and/or asking questions to dig deeper into the topic.

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 02 Discussion

How Clean Is It?

Handwashing and use of antimicrobial chemicals (such as alcohol based hand sanitizers) are effective ways to prevent the spread of microorganisms, particularly in the health care setting.

For your initial post, imagine that you are infection control nurse tasked with educating personnel on a large medical/surgical unit that has recently seen an increase in hospital acquired infections (HAIs) in their patients. Describe how you would educate personnel about the importance of handwashing and increase handwashing compliance amongst the staff?

For your reply post, expand on your peer's ideas by sharing examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to support the topic, and/or asking questions to dig deeper into the topic.

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 03 Discussion

What Goes Around Comes Around

Have you heard of the so called "5-second rule" for when food falls to the floor? (NOT true by the way) Have you seen the signs in restrooms indicating that all employees must wash their hands before returning to work? Bacteria are everywhere and the concept of cleanliness should apply to anyone who comes in contact with foreign materials, fecal matter or urine, or any potentially contaminated materials.

For your initial post, discuss which two rooms in your home or work place that you believe are the most contaminated. Explain why you chose these two rooms and list at least two bacteria that are the common types found in those rooms.

For your reply post, respond to at least one of your peers about different methods that can be used to decontaminate these rooms to reduce or eliminate microorganisms.

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 04 Discussion

Viral Treatment Options

There are many opinions on the need and/or importance of vaccines in preventing the spread of disease. Our children are required to get vaccinations before entering school, and health care workers must have them when working in environments where they can come into contact with bloodborne pathogens. In health care facilities, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are the two more prominent infectious concerns for medical staff.

For your initial post, research the two diseases HIV and HCV. Based on your research, discuss whether you think that a vaccine will be developed for either of these diseases within the next ten years. Why or why not?

For your reply post, expand on your peer's ideas by sharing examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the topic.

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 05 Discussion

What’s Eating You?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the more prevalent nosocomial infections in health care faculties today. Any patient with a compromised immune system or open wound is susceptible to contracting MRSA from medical staff or even family members. Although MRSA is commonly connected to health care facilities, MRSA can be found anywhere.

For your initial post, discuss who you believe to be at the highest risk for MRSA outside the health care environment? Explain. Discuss the common fomites or transmission factors involved as well as the preventative measures the public can do to reduce or prevent MRSA infections.

 

For your reply post, expand on your peer's ideas by sharing examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the topic.

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 06 Discussion

Microbial Transmission Routes in Hospitals

Hospitals and other health care settings will often implement Transmission-Based Precautions to prevent or help reduce the spread of infections to health care workers, as well other patients in their care. These Transmission-Based Precautions are designed to supplement standard precautions in patients/residents with documented or suspected infection/colonization of highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens. The three categories of Transmission-Based Precautions include:

Contact Precautions

Droplet Precautions

Airborne Precautions

For your initial post, choose one of the Transmission based Precautions listed above to research. Include what the definition of the precaution is, when it would be implemented and what type of personal protective equipment (PPE) a health care worker would be required to wear when coming in contact with a patient under that particular precaution.

For your reply post, expand on your peer's ideas by sharing examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the topic.

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 07 Discussion

Microbial Transmission Routes of STIs and STDs

For your initial post, imagine that you are a school nurse tasked with educating middle school/high school students about STIs and STDs. Create a pamphlet or educational handout/flyer that can be provided to students and/or parents educating them about an STI or STD, how the disease is transmitted, how the disease is detected or tested for, signs and symptoms of the disease, and finally, the treatment options available.

If available, include statistical information about infection rates for this disease for your state.

For your reply post, provide feedback on the flyer/handout created by at least one of your peers.

 

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 08 Discussion

Super Bugs

Many of us have been impacted by outbreaks of disease in our lifetimes.

For your initial post, reflect back over the past decade and recall a news-breaking infectious outbreak of a disease that made an impact on you. Please include a link to a news article or video related to your outbreak in your initial post. Explain how that story changed the way you interacted with people, family, or friends.

For your reply post, expand on your peer's ideas by sharing stories from your own personal experience with the outbreak.

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 09 Discussion

Over Medicated and Overwhelmed

Antibiotics have saved millions of lives since they were first observed by Pasteur and Koch and later named by Selman Waksman in 1942. Unfortunately, antibiotic resistant microbial strains are becoming more prevalent and therefore making once easily treated infections more difficult to treat.

For your initial discussion post, share your thoughts on three ways that society - not physicians or medical staff - can help to reduce the development of drug resistant microbial strains.

For your reply post, expand on your peer's ideas by sharing examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the topic.

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 10 Discussion

Natural Disasters and the Spread of Disease

Every year, natural disasters impact families, communities, nations, and cultures. Whether the natural disaster is a flood, hurricane, tornado, fire or earthquake, it can alter the environment and cause potential health hazards.

For this module's initial discussion post, research a major national or global disaster that occurred in the last decade. Provide a brief summary of the disaster and explain the common public health risks that occurred as well as potential long-term health risks the victims might be facing. Do you think the type of natural disaster you studied has the highest risk of spreading diseases, or another type of natural disaster? Explain.

For your reply post, expand on your peer's ideas by sharing examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the topic.

Due dates for your initial and response posts can be found by checking the Course Syllabus and Course Calendar.

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 11 Discussion

Future of Medicine

Genetic engineering has become a part of our culture and it is difficult to tell the difference between unmodified and genetically modified food sources such as plants and animals. After reading this module's material regarding vectors in biotechnology, consider the potential for nanotechnology and gene therapy.

For your initial discussion post, research nanotechnology and its potential use in biotechnology. Explain the potential advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology in health care and discuss whether you would or would not support further research.

For your reply post, expand on your peer's ideas by sharing examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to support the topic, and/or asking furthering questions to dig deeper into the topic.

Due dates for your initial and response posts can be found by checking the Course Syllabus and Course Calendar.

 

 

 

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 1 Homework Assignment

1.Define and briefly describe the different classes of microorganisms(including the terms Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes):

1.            Eukaryotes -

a.            Algae -

b.            Fungi -

c.             Protozoans –

2.            Prokaryotes -

a.            Bacteria -

b.            Archae -

3.            Viruses -

4.            Prions -

2.            Define the four main types of organic molecules. Be sure to describe their function and give examples of each

a.            Carbohydrates -

b.            Proteins -

c.             Lipids -

d.            Nucleic acids -

3.            What does the term PPE stand for?  What are common types of PPE that are worn in the lab or hospital setting?

4.            Describe two ways in which microorganisms are used in our everyday lives:

5.            Identify two different types of staining techniques used with light microscopy.  Describe the dyes used in these techniques and why they are used.

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 2 Homework Assignment

•Use the information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Describe four (4) important differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms:

2.Briefly describe the function of the following organelles:

a)            Plasma membrane –

b)            Glycocalyx -

c)            Cell wall -

d)            Nucleus -

e)            Endoplasmic reticulum -

f)             Golgi apparatus -

g)            Lysosomes –

h)            Ribosomes -

i)             Peroxisomes -

j)             Mitochondria –

k)            Chloroplasts -

3.What is a biofilm? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of biofilms:

4.Briefly describe the process of aerobic cellular respiration.  How does this process differ from anaerobic cellular respiration? How are these processes similar?

5.Briefly describe the difference between eukaryotic cell division and prokaryotic cell division. Be sure to include the name of the processes that each uses to replicate:

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 3 Homework Assignment

•Use the information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Define the following terms: sterilization, disinfection, and sanitization.  How are each of these terms different from one another?

2.Compare and contrast selective media and differential media.  Give examples of each type of media:

3.Define the following terms used to describe bacterial morphology or bacterial arrangements andgive examples of SPECIFIC organisms that are representatives of each category of MorphologyANDArrangements. For example: an example of a cocci organism is Staphylococcus aureus

a)            Morphology:

1.            Cocci -

2.            Bacilli -

3.            Vibrios

4.            Spirilla

5.            Spirochete–

b)            Arrangements:

1.            Diplo –

2.            Strepto-

3.            Staphlo-

4.Describe the four (4) different stages of the bacterial population growth curve:

5.            Describe briefly how the following factors influence microbial growth:

a)            Temperature

b)            pH

c)            Osmotic Pressure

d)            Atmospheric conditions (presence or absence of oxygen)

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 4 Homework Assignment

•Use the information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Describe the different morphological types of viruses and give examples of each type:

a.            Helical

b.            Icosahedral

c.             Complex

2.Compare and contrast the multiplication of bacteriophages versus the multiplication of animal viruses:

3.Describe how viruses can act as mechanical vectors and biological vectors:

4.Describe five (5) characteristics of fungi and how they differ from other microorganisms:

5.Describe common characteristic of protozoans (protists). Name three (3) protozoans that are human parasites:

6.What are helminths?  Name and describe three (3) that can cause problems in humans:

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 5 Homework Assignment

•             Use the information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Describe how microbes of the normal flora in the human body can become opportunistic pathogens. Give one (1) example of a normal flora that can become opportunistic in the body:

2.Describe three (3) common bacterial skin infections. Be sure to give the name of the specific organism that causes each and describe some common signs and symptoms of each:

3.Describe three (3) common fungal infections (mycoses) of the skin. Be sure to give the name of the specific organism that causes each and describe some common signs and symptoms of each:

4.Describe three (3) different types of respiratory infections caused by bacteria. Be sure to give the name of the specific organism that causes each and describe some common signs and symptoms of each:

5.Discuss the difference between emerging infectious diseases and reemerging infectious diseases. Give examples of each.

6.Briefly discuss and describe three (3) common viral respiratory infections. Be sure to give the name of the specific virus that causes each as well as some signs and symptoms for each:

7.Describe three (3) common fungal respiratory infectionsand the name of the specific organism that causes them as well as some signs and symptoms for each:

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 6 Homework Assignment

•             Use the information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Differentiate between bacterial infection and bacterial intoxication.

2.Discuss the importance of E. coli as part of our intestinal flora.

3.            Describe three (3) different types of gastrointestinal diseases caused by bacteria. Be sure to give the name of the specific organism that causes each, describe some common signs and symptoms and discuss treatment for each disease:

4.            Define meningitis.Compare and contrastbetween bacterial and viral meningitis including treatment for each.

5.            What is a prion? Describe the impact prions have on the human brain and discuss two prion-associated diseases in humans:

6.What is a vector-borne (vector transmitted) disease?  Give an example of a vector borne disease and the vector responsible for causing it:

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 7 Homework Assignment

•             Use the information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Describe three (3) functions of a normal healthy body that help prevent the occurrence of UTIs:

2.List two reasons why women are at higher risks for developing UTIs

3.Briefly describe the two-step process used to diagnose UTIs.Which organism is most often responsible for causing UTIs?

4.What is Vaginosis? List some of the members of the normal microflora of the female reproductive organs and discuss factors that may contribute to an abnormal increase in these organisms.

5.Describe and explain the primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages of syphilis:

6.Explain why a person with AIDS is more susceptible to opportunistic infections. What diseases or conditions might a person with HIV or AIDS be more susceptible to?

 

 

 

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 8 Homework Assignment

•             Use the information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.What are the different portals of entry for a pathogen to enter the body?

2.Define the following disease categories:

1.            Endemic -

2.            Sporadic -

3.            Epidemic -

4.            Pandemic -

3.Describe thedifference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.  Which type of immunity is specific and typically longer lasting?

4.Differentiate between active and passive types of immunity. Which type of immunity is long lasting and which is short lasting?

5.Discuss the five (5)different classes of vaccines used in active immunity.

6.Define and differentiate between hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune disease.Gives an example of hypersensitivity reaction and an example of an autoimmune disease:

 

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 9 Homework Assignment

•Use the information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Explain and differentiate between sterilization and commercial sterilization.  What organism does commercial sterilization aim to destroy?

2.Describe three (3) differentphysical methods of controlling microbial growth:

3.Describe three (3) different chemical methods of controlling microbial growth:

4.Briefly summarize the 4 (four) different Biosafety levels. Give examples of microorganisms studied in each level:

5.What is the Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method?  How it is used to determine antibiotic efficacy?

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 10 Homework Assignment

•Use the information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1.Compare the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation:

2.Describe the different between vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer:

3.What is conjugation?  How can it contribute to antibiotic resistance in microorganisms?

4.What is a Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) or nosocomial infection?  How is this different from an iatrogenic disease?  How are these diseases contracted? Give examples of each type:

 

 

 

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Module 05 Quiz

Question 1          Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are caused by

Answers:            

Flavoviruses

Virusoids

 Prions

Orthomyxoviruses

Question 2          All of the following viruses can cause the common cold except

Answers:            

Coronaviruses

Adenovirus

 Herpesviruses

Rhinoviruses

Question 3          Viruses that infect bacteria are called _______.

Answers:            

E. coli

lytic viruses

naked viruses

 Bacteriophages

Question 4          Rod-shaped bacteria, some of which are endospore forming, are referred to as

Answers:            

Cocci

 Bacilli

Spirals

Vibrios

Question 5          Beadlike chains of cocci formed after cell division along a single axis are called

Answers:            

Diplococci

 Streptococci

Tetrads

staphlococci

Question 6          Microorganisms that show optimal growth in moderate temperatures (between 20° C and 45° C) are called

Answers:            

Thermophiles

Psychrophiles

 Mesophiles

Psychrotrophs

Question 7          Toxoplasma gondii belongs to which group of eukaryotic organisms?

Answers:            

Algae

Fungi

 Protozoans

Helminths

Question 8          Legionella, Thiobacillus and Burkholderia are examples of

Answers:            

Facultative anaerobic gram-negative rods

 Gram-negative aerobic rods

Spirochetes

Anaerobic gram-negative cocci

Question 9          Organisms that require or are tolerant of salt concentrations in their environment are called:

Answers:            

psychrophiles

aerobes

 halophiles

heterotrophs

Question 10        Damage that can occur to the host cell as a result of viral infection include:

Answers:            

lysis

altered cell shape

detachment from tissue surface

 all answers are

Question 11        The so-called "red tide" is generally caused by which of the following organisms?

Answers:            

Lichens

Bacteria

Diatoms

 Algae

Question 12        Staphylococci and streptococci are best classified in the group of

Answers:            

 Gram-positive cocci

Gram-negative cocci

Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci

Anaerobic gram-negative cocci

Question 13        Fungi and some protozoa produce a compound called _____ which strengthens the cell membranes

Answers:            

cholesterol

 ergosterol

hopanoids

estrogen

Question 14        The subgroup of fungi that are used as food(edible mushrooms, morels, and truffles) are called

Answers:            

Basidiomycota

 Ascomycota

Lichens

Zygomycota

Question 15        The  sequence of stages in the multiplication of animal viruses is

Answers:            

 attachment, penetration, uncoating, biosynthesis, assembly, release

penetration, attachment, assembly, uncoating, biosynthesis, release

attachment, uncoating, penetration, biosynthesis, assembly, release

penetration, uncoating, adsorption, biosynthesis, assembly, release

Question 16        The causative agent for Lyme disease is a

Answers:            

Spirillium

 Spirochete

Vibrio

Diplococcus

Question 17        The viruses that cause chickenpox, shingles, and mononucleosis belong to which family of DNA viruses?

Answers:            

 Herpesviridae

Papovaviridae

Adenoviridae

Poxviridae

Question 18        Fungi are free-living _________ organisms.

Answers:            

Autotrophic

Chemotrophic

 Heterotrophic

Phototrophic

Question 19        The stage of the growth curve where the bacteria are producing molecules necessary for cell division, but not undergoing cell division is called the ___________

Answers:            

death phase

logarithmic phase

stationary phase

 lag phase

Question 20        Viruses can infect

Answers:            

Plants

Bacteria

Animals

 All organisms

Question 21        Bacteria that use organic compounds as the source of both carbon and energy are referred to as

Answers:            

Photoautotrophs

Chemoautotrophs

Photoheterotrophs

 Chemoheterotrophs

Question 22        Parasitic organisms that spend most of their time in a mammalian host are called ________

Answers:            

protozoans

fungi

 helminths

algae

Question 23 Bacteria that use oxygen, but only at a low concentration, are classified as

Answers:            

Obligate aerobes

 Microaerophiles

Obligate anaerobes

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 24Bacterial replication is accomplished primarily by

Answers:            

Mitosis

Meiosis

Cytokinesis

 Binary fission

Question 25 The antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin are produced by

Answers:            

Algae

Slime molds

 Fungi

Protozoans

 

 

 

 

MCB2289 Introduction to Microbiology

Final Exam

Question 1

                Which of the following cannot be and should not be treated with antibiotics?

Answers:            

Strep throat

Tuberculosis

 Common cold

Diphtheria

Question 2

                Complex communities of microorganisms on surfaces are called

Answers:            

Colonies

 Biofilms

Biospheres

Flora

Question 3

                All of the following are nitrogen-fixing bacteria except

Answers:            

Cyanobacteria

 Staphylococcus

Rhizobium

Azotobacter

Question 4

                Legionella, Thiobacillus and Burkholderia are examples of

Answers:            

Facultative anaerobic gram-negative rods

 Gram-negative aerobic rods

Spirochetes

Anaerobic gram-negative cocci

Question 5

                A complication of influenza that can occur in children and adolescents is a condition known as

Answers:            

 Reye Syndrome

Rheumatic fever

Mononucleosis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Question 6

 

                Toxoplasmosis is caused by the organism Toxoplasma gondii, which is a

Answers:            

Bacterium

 Protozoan

Virus

Fungus

Question 7

                The only currently known STI that is transmitted by a protozoan is

Answers:            

Giardiasis

Malaria

 Trichomoniasis

Syphilis

Question 8

                Which of the following is the causative agent for fungal meningitis, mostly in immunocompromised patients?

Answers:            

Trypanosoma brucei

Listeria meningitis

 Cryptococcus neoformans

Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 9

                Tuberculosis is caused by an organism of the genus

Answers:            

Klebsiella

Bordetella

Chlamydia

 Mycobacterium

Question 10

                Infections that may result from the use of catheters are classified as

Answers:            

 Iatrogenic infections

Local infections

Exogenous infections

Endogenous infections

Question 11

 

 

                Vaginal infections that are resulting from an overgrowth of normal flora are called

Answers:            

 Endogenous infections

Chronic infections

Iatrogenic infections

Fatal infections

Question 12

                The destruction of all microorganisms and their endospores is referred to as

Answers:            

Disinfection

Degermation

Sanitization

 Sterilization

Question 13

                The degree or extent of disease-evoking power that a microorganism has is referred to as

Answers:            

 Virulence

Strength

Resistance

Competence

Question 14

                Diagnosis of a UTI is a two-stage process that involves:

Answers:            

 collecting a urine sample and testing for antibiotic susceptibility of the organism

exploratory surgery and radiation therapy

collecting a blood sample and conducting a physical examination of the bladder

modifying the diet of the patient and conducting a physical examination of the urethra

Question 15

                The toxic condition caused by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood is referred to as

Answers:            

Bacteremia

 Septicemia

Shock

Bloodborne infection

Question 16

                The term bacteriostatic means that bacteria

Answers:            

Are killed by the antimicrobial drug

Show continuous growth

 No longer can multiply

No longer cause disease

Question 17

                Rod-shaped bacteria, some of which are endospore forming, are referred to as

Answers:            

Cocci

 Bacilli

Spirals

Vibrios

Question 18

                Which of the following organelles contain oxidative enzymes capable of oxidizing toxic substances?

Answers:            

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Lysosomes

 Peroxisomes

Question 19

                Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora?

               

Answers:            

Intestine

Skin

Vagina

 Blood

Question 20

                Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic used in the selection of an antimicrobial drug?

Answers:            

Selective toxicity

Ease of delivery to the site of infection

 Ability to administer intravenously

Potential for allergic reaction

Question 21

                A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides nutrients for another is called

Answers:            

Mutualism

Competition

Synergism

 Commensalism

Question 2

 

                Which of the following is not considered to be a vehicle transmission?

Answers:            

Airborne

 Insect

Foodborne

Bodily fluid

Question 23

                Strep throat is caused by which of the following organisms?

Answers:            

 Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus agalactiae

Streptococcus faecalis

Question 24

                The three types of hepatitis virus that can be transmitted through sexual activity are

Answers:            

A, B, and C

 B, C, and D

A, B, and D

A, C, and D

Question 25

All of the following areas of the human body contain normal flora except

Answers:            

 Peritoneum

Urethra

Vagina

Mouth

Question 26

Giardiasis is a waterborne gastrointestinal disease caused by Giardia intestinalis, which is a(n)

Answers:            

 Protozoan

Bacterium

Fungus

Virus

Question 27

Beadlike chains of cocci formed after cell division along a single axis are called

Answers:            

Diplococci

 Streptococci

Tetrads

staphlococci

Question 28

Botulism is a disease caused by the production of a potent neurotoxin by bacteria of the genus

Answers:            

Staphylococcus

Klebsiella

Salmonella

 Clostridium

Question 29

                The group of organisms that includes yeasts and molds are known as _______

               

Answers:            

Algae

Bacteria

 Fungi

Viruses

Question 30

                The latent stage of syphilis, which may last for years, can occur ________.

Answers:            

 Between the secondary and tertiary stages

Between the primary and secondary stages

Between the initial and primary stages

At any stage of the disease

Question 31

Which of the following organisms is the causative agent for gonorrhea?               

Answers:            

Treponema

 Neisseria

Mycoplasma

Ureaplasma

Question 32

                Whooping cough is caused by

Answers:            

Streptococcus pneumoniae

 Bordetella pertussis

Haemophilus influenzae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 33

                Animals that are capable of transmitting infectious disease are called

Answers:            

 Vectors

Pathogens

Carriers

Parasites

Question 34

 

 

                The fungi most commonly associated with reproductive system infections are

Answers:            

Aspergillus, Tinea-related species, Candida albicans

Candida species, Rhizopus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Stachybotrys, Aspergillus niger, Microsporum species

 Candida albicans, Tinea-related species, Epidermophyton floccosum

Question 35

CDC stands for

Answers:            

 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Children's Disease Center

Central Disaster Control Center

Central Drug Evaluation and Control Center

Question 36

                Meningococcal meningitis is caused by

Answers:            

 Neisseria meningitidis

Haemophilus influenzae

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 37

                Which of the following infectious diseases is considered to be a reemerging disease?

Answers:            

AIDS

Ebola

West Nile virus

 drug-resistant tuberculosis

Question 38 Health care-associated infections are also known as

Answers:            

Incidental infections

Accidental infections

 Nosocomial infections

Secondary infections

Question 39 An inanimate object or substance capable of transporting pathogens from one medium or individual to another is referred to as a

Answers:            

Vector

 Fomite

Transporter

Transposon

Question 40

Which of the following viruses is the most widespread in the human population?

Answers:            

 Epstein-Barr

Hantavirus

HIV

Chlamydia

Question 41

                Staphylococci and streptococci are best classified in the group of

Answers:            

 Gram-positive cocci

Gram-negative cocci

Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci

Anaerobic gram-negative cocci

Question 42

                Malaria is caused by a

Answers:            

Virus

Bacterium

Helminth

 Protozoan

Question 43

                Which of the following is likely to be the most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens?

Answers:            

Skin

Placenta

Parenteral route

 Mucosal surfaces

Question 44

 

 

                Which of the following stains is generally used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB)?

Answers:            

Simple stain

Gram stain

 Acid fast stain

Negative stain

Question 45

                Bacterial endotoxins are

Answers:            

Proteins in the cell wall

Secreted into the environment

Components of the gram-positive cell wall

 Components of the gram-negative cell wall

Question 46

                All of the following are general metabolic or structural targets for antimicrobial drugs except

Answers:            

 Carbohydrate synthesis inhibition

Protein synthesis inhibition

Interference with nucleic acid synthesis

Interference with cell wall synthesis

Question 47

                The agent causing West Nile encephalitis belongs to which of the following?

Answers:            

 Arboviruses

Parvoviruses

Herpesviruses

Paramyxoviruses

Question 48

                The most common cause of infectious diarrhea in infants and children is

Answers:            

Noroviruses

Adenoviruses

 Rotaviruses

Caliciviruses

Question 49 The virulence factors of bacteria include

Answers:            

Size, adhesion, resistance, mutation

 toxins, exoenzymes, adhesion

Toxins, evasion of body defenses, motility, size

Colonization, chemotaxis, fermentation, toxins

Question 50

The causative agent for Lyme disease is a

Answers:            

Spirillium

 Spirochete

Vibrio

Diplococcus