Part 1&2 - Historians devote much time to understanding

THIS WILL BE A TWO HUNDRED POINT EXAM, THE SCORE WILL BE DIVIDED BY TWO FOR THE EXAM GRADE.

PART ONE; MANDATORY ESSAY FOR ALL.  

Historians devote much time to understanding why Al Smith failed to get elected the first Irish Catholic President and why JFK succeeded. One possible explanation is that Smith did not adapt enough to American culture while JFK did. Explore this claim Smith was a New Netherlander; did he adapt himself to that? Did JFK adapt himself to Yankeedom? Finally, how did the two candidates differ in the way they lived their religion?

PART TWO: 

1. Explain how President Andrew Johnson and his Secretary of State, William Henry Seward, felt conflicted between British and Irish concerns when confronted with the Fenian raids from the United States into Canada. By the 1920’s, this conflict diminished. Explain why.

2. Take the four major concepts of the Catholic Devotional Revolution---Authority, Sin, Ritual and the Miraculous---and explain why the Irish interpretation of these values disconcerted American Protestants, especially New England Puritans, of the nineteenth century.