NUTR100 week 5 quiz

Nutrition Quiz # 3

1. Vitamin E and Vitamin C are significant antioxidants, vitamin E serves as antioxidant in water soluble parts of the body while vitamin C is found primarily in lipid prominent areas.

A) True B) False

2. Match the vitamin with the function

Riboflavin A) Needed to convert the amino acid homocysteine to methionine

Vitamin D B) Component of Coenzyme A and is needed to activate Vitamins D & A

Folate C) Acts like a hormone in the small intestines promoting calcium absorption

Pantothenic Acid D) Component of the Coenzyme FAD and has a role forming/maintaining antioxidants

3. Match the Vitamin with the deficiency:

Thiamin A- Scurvy

Vitamin D B- BeriBeri

Vitamin C C- Pellagra

Niacin D- Rickets

4. All of the following are true regarding Vitamin K except:

A- Has a role in bone metabolism C- Essential for blood clotting

B- Infants are given an injection soon after birth D- Has a low UL (tolerable upper limit)

5. The following statements are true for all three Vitamins (B6, B12, and Folate), except:

A- Deficiencies can cause anemia

B- Deficiencies can lead to nervous system disorders.

C- Deficiencies can cause elevated homocysteine levels which may increase risk of cardiac disease

D- Deficiencies can result in disruption of many enzyme pathways

6. All of the following are true about minerals except:

A- Plants are usually the best and least varied food source

B- They are stable, not changed by heat, light, pH

C- One type of mineral often has many functions throughout the body

D- The body usually adjusts absorption based on the body’s need

7. All of the following are true regarding osteoporosis except:

A- Is caused by Vitamin D deficiency

B- Risk factors include: smoking and estrogen deficiency

C- Bone loss begins after peak bone mass in the 30’s

D- Fracture is usually the first significant symptom

8. Fill in the blank with one of these words: Kwashiorkor, Marasmus

This condition is brought on by severely limited protein and energy: Marasmus

This condition is usually a result of poor quality protein intake: Kwashiorkor

9. Match the fatty acid with the best possible answer (only one for each)

Short chain fatty acid A) is a liquid at room temperature

Polyunsaturated fatty acid B) Has 2 or more double bonded carbons

Trans fatty acid C) Can be made (synthesized) by our bodies

Cis fatty acid D) Hydrogenated with hydrogen aligned on same side

Nonessential fatty acid E) Occurs naturally and bonding creates a bending of the chain

10. Which of the following are true regarding omega 3 fatty acids?

1-They are all nonessential

2-Increase omega 3’s can reduce the inflammatory response initiated by omega 6

3-EPA and DHA are types of omega 3 fatty acids

4- Meat and corn oil are good sources of alpha linoleic acid

A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 2, 3, 4

C) 1, 2, 3 D) 2 & 3

11. Place a T if the below is a function of a triglyceride, a P if it is a function of a protein, B for both.

Source of energy B

Protection (example around vital organ) T

Major role in fluid balance between the blood vessels and the interstitial space P

12. All of the following are true regarding phospholipids except:

A) Has a glycerol backbone with 2 attached fatty acids.

B) Phospholipids are essential to the structure of membranes because part of the molecule is fat soluble (hydrophobic) and part is water soluble (hydrophilic)

C) The most common is lecithin and this is an essential nutrient that must come from our diet

D) It serves as an emulsifier which is important for both digestion and transport of fats in the body.

13. Cholesterol:

1- Can be made by the liver 2- Is a precursor to some hormones and vitamin D

3- Is used to make bile 4- Is made up of fatty acids

A) 1, 2, 3, 4 C) 1, 2, 3

B) 2, 3, 4 D) 2 & 3

14. Which of the following is true?

A) Triglycerides (fats) will yield a different number of calories per gram of fat depending on the type of fatty acids it contains

B) The AMDR’s for fat is between 20-35%, with saturated fats being kept less than 10%

C) Trans saturated fats are healthy for the body as long as it is kept under 5% of total daily fat

D) Elevated cholesterol including especially elevated HDL puts a person at risk for heart disease

15. Amino Acids:

1- Have an amino group, central carbon, carboxyl group, and a unique side group

2- Are linked together during translation to form a peptide chain

3- Fall into 2 categories: Nonessential & conditionally essential

4- Are joined together by peptide bonds

A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 2, 4

C) 2, 3, 4 D) 1 & 3

16. Enzymes are proteins that have an active area that fits one or two specific molecule and serves to form larger molecules from two smaller molecules or break a large molecule into two smaller molecules.

A) True B) False

17.In very general terms all proteins come from specific regions of the DNA called genes. The genes go through a process of transcription and translation that results in a chain of amino acids that then fold together to form a protein. A) True B) False

18. Our body can make conditionally essential amino acids but under certain circumstances they must come from our diet.

A) True B) False

19. Which of the following is a true of high quality protein?

A) Enough amino acids for body to synthesize essential amino acids C) Easy to digest

B) Contains all the amino acids in the proportions that the body needs D) All of the above

20.Vitamins have to be chemically digested before being absorbed in the small intestines while minerals are absorbed in the form that they were consumed. A) True B) False

21. Match the following mineral to the deficiency or toxicity:

Selenium Deficiency is directly associated to dental cavities

Magnesium Deficiency leads to hypothyroidism, goiter and occasionally brain damage

Fluoride Limited intake can lead to enlargement of the heart

Iodine Primary symptom, diarrhea, occurs at supplemental doses. The UL is 350mg

22. Match the following mineral to the appropriate characteristic or function:

Copper A) Levels in the blood are tightly controlled by the parathyroid hormone & vitamin D

Calcium B) Increases ability of insulin to move glucose into cells

Zinc C) Roles informing cell membranes, cell signaling & regulated cell death

Chromium D) Is needed for synthesis of protein responsible for iron transport

23. Match the following mineral to the appropriate characteristic or function:

Chloride A)Has a role in blood clotting, muscle contractions, and nerve transmission

Sodium B) Is a component of the strong acid in the stomach

Calcium C) Highest concentrations found outside the cell and maintained through a protein pump

Molybdenum D) Cofactor to enzymes that break down nucleotides and metabolize drugs and toxins

24.Which of the following are true regarding Iron?

1- 2/3 of it is found in the muscle in the protein myoglobiin

2- Most common nutrient deficiency in the world

3- Deficiency leads to a specific anemia- a microcytic (small cells) anemia

4- Is part of an important molecule (cytochrome) in the electron transport chain part (part of cellular respiration that yields a high number of ATP)

A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 2, 3

C) 2 & 4 D) 2, 3, 4

25. Sodium (Na):

1- Regulates cellular and total-body fluids 2- Is required for blood clotting

3- Is needed to nerve impulses 4- Regulates transportation of items in & out of cells

A) 1, 2, 3, 4 C) 1, 2, 4

B) 1, 2 D) 1, 3, 4