nr507 week 4 midterm exam 2019

1.            Question :           Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:

 

                :                               Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative

 

                                                 Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive

 

                                                 Has type A blood and the fetus has type O

 

                                                 Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B

 

 

 

 

Question 2.         Question :           Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?

 

                :                               Retropharyngeal abscess

 

                                                 Laryngospasms

 

                                                 Rupturing of the tonsils

 

                                                 Gagging induced aspiration

 

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 3.         Question :           If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, then at what rate (depolarizations per minute) can the atrioventricular (AV) node depolarize?

 

                :                               60 to 70

 

                                                 40 to 60

 

                                                 30 to 40

 

                                                 10 to 20

 

 

 

Question 4.         Question :           What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells?

 

                :                               1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell)

 

                                                 1:2 (one  capillary per two muscle cells)

 

                                                 1:4 (one  capillary per four muscle cells)

 

                                                 1:10 (one  capillary per ten muscle cells)

 

 

 

 

Question 5.         Question :           Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

 

                :                               IL–1 and IL-6

 

                                                 IL-2 and TNF-?

 

                                                 IFN and IL-12

 

                                                 TNF-ß and IL-4

 

 

 

Question 6.         Question :           What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload?

 

                :                               Glomerular filtration

 

                                                 Secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

 

                                                 Increased heart rate

 

                                                 Compensatory hypertrophy

 

 

 

 

Question 7.         Question :           Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction?

 

                :                               IgA

 

                                                 IgE

 

                                                 IgG

 

                                                 IgM

 

 

 

 

 

Question 8.         Question :           Causes of hyperkalemia include:

 

                :                               Hyperparathyroidism and malnutrition

 

                                                 Vomiting and diarrhea

 

                                                 Renal failure and Addison disease

 

                                                 Hyperaldosteronism and Cushing disease

 

 

 

 

Question 9.         Question :           What is the first stage in the infectious process?

 

                :                               Invasion

 

                                                 Colonization

 

                                                 Spread

 

                                                 Multiplication

 

 

 

 

 

Question 10.      Question :           Which statement is true concerning the IgM?

 

                :                               IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen.

                                                 IgM mediates many common allergic responses.

 

                                                 IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins.

 

                                                 IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta.

 

 

 

Question 11.      Question :           An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

 

                :                               Atrial septal defect (ASD)

 

                                                 Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

 

                                                 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

 

                                                 Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect

 

 

 

 

Question 12.      Question :           What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?

 

                :                               Low birth weight

 

                                                 Alcohol consumption during pregnancy

 

                                                 Premature birth

 

                                                 Smoking during pregnancy

 

 

 

Question 13.      Question :           Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why?

 

                :                               The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood.

                                                 The right and left atria; they are not directly involved in the preload, contractility, or afterload of the heart.

                                                 The left ventricle; the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the lung, which has a low pressure.

                                                 The right ventricle; it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a lower pressure compared with the systemic circulation.

               

 

 

 

Question 14.      Question :           What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?

 

                :                               Sodium retention

 

                                                 Sodium excretion

 

                                                 Water retention

 

                                                 Water excretion

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 35.      Question :           What is the role of caretaker genes?

 

                :                               Maintenance of genomic integrity

 

                                                 Proliferation of cancer cells

 

                                                 Secretion of growth factors

 

                                                 Restoration of normal tissue structure

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 36.      Question :           Which blood cell type is elevated at birth but decreases to adult levels during the first year of life?

 

                :                               Monocytes

 

                                                 Platelets

 

                                                 Neutrophils

 

                                                 Lymphocytes

 

                Points Received:              0 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 37.      Question :           Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs?

 

                :                               Perfusion

 

                                                 Ventilation

 

                                                 Respiration

 

                                                 Diffusion

 

 

                Points Received:              0 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 38.      Question :           In which primary immune deficiency is there a partial-to-complete absence of T-cell immunity?

 

                :                               Bruton disease

 

                                                 DiGeorge syndrome

 

                                                 Reticular dysgenesis

 

                                                 Adenosine deaminase deficiency

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 39.      Question :           Which substance has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking?

 

                :                               Alcohol

 

                                                 Steroids

 

                                                 Antihistamines

 

                                                 Antidepressants

 

 

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 40.      Question :           Which statement concerning exotoxins is true?

 

                :                               Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria.

                                                 Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria.

 

                                                 Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades.

                                                 Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 41.      Question :           Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?

 

                :                               Passive-acquired immunity

 

                                                 Active-acquired immunity

 

                                                 Passive-innate immunity

 

                                                 Active-innate immunity

 

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 42.      Question :           Research supports the premise that exercise has a probable impact on reducing the risk of which cancer?

 

                :                               Liver

 

                                                 Endometrial

 

                                                 Stomach

 

                                                 Colon

 

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 43.      Question :           What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?

 

                :                               Macula densa

 

                                                 Visceral epithelium

 

                                                 Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

 

                                                 Filtration slits

 

 

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 44.      Question :           What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia?

 

                :                               Hypotension

 

                                                 Hyperesthesia

 

                                                 Hypoxia

 

                                                 Ischemia

 

 

 

 

Question 45.      Question :           Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often occur?

 

                :                               0 and 1

 

                                                 2 and 4

 

                                                 5 and 6

 

                                                 6 and 7

 

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 46.      Question :           What is the purpose of the spirometry measurement?

 

                :                               To evaluate the cause of hypoxia

 

                                                 To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration

                                                 To measures the gas diffusion rate at the alveolocapillary membrane

                                                 To determine pH and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 47.      Question :           Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?

 

                :                               Cells have broken through the local basement membrane.

 

                                                 Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue.

 

                                                 Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells.

 

                                                 Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.

 

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 48.      Question :           The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes?

 

                :                               Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III)

 

                                                 Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

 

                                                 Shortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot

 

                                                 Degrading the fibrin within blood clots

 

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:      

 

Question 51.      Question :           Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized?

 

                :                               Dysplasia

 

                                                 Hyperplasia

 

                                                 Myoplasia

 

                                                 Anaplasia

 

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments:       

 

 

 

 

Question 52.      Question :           Which statement best describes a Schilling test?

 

                :                               Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency

                                                 Measurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for hemolytic anemia

                                                 Measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test for iron deficiency anemia

                                                 Administration of folate and measurement in 2 hours of its level in a blood sample to test for folic acid deficiency anemia.

 

 

                Points Received:              2 of 2

                Comments: