HIV/AIDS is currently not preventable through

1 of 40

HIV/AIDS is currently not preventable through any means other than the HIV/AIDS vaccine.

True

False

Question

2 of 40

After taking a rapid HIV antibody test, how long must the patient wait for a result?

5 minutes

30 minutes

2 hours

24 hours

72 hours

Question

3 of 40

Promising early screening/intervention program(s) that can result in early detection and treatment initiation for persons with HIV include

needle exchange and bleach distribution programs.

Maternal Self-Monitoring (MSM).

"Seek, Test, Treat, Retain" program.

Methadone maintenance programs.

b and c only.

Question

4 of 40

Gay men are the fastest growing segment of the population infected with HIV/AIDS.

True

False

Question

5 of 40

Post-exposure prophylaxis is a single-dose (morning after) combination of three HIV/AIDS medications that can prevent an individual from acquiring HIV if they have been exposed to it through sexual contact.

True

False

Question

6 of 40

No states require mandatory HIV/AIDS testing of intravenous drug users.

True

False

Question

7 of 40

The high prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in developing countries is in part due to:

poor nutrition and unsanitary living conditions.

lack of accessible medical care.

prevalence of breastfeeding.

lack of HIV/AIDS medications.

B, C, and D only.

Question

8 of 40

Special laws exist to protect the confidentiality of persons with HIV/AIDS, but this protection is only available to federal prisoners, intravenous drug users, and pregnant women.

True

False

Question

9 of 40

Approximately how many AIDS deaths in the United States have their origins in intravenous drug abuse?

2 out of 10

4 out of 10

6 out of 10

8 out of 10

9 out of 10

Question

10 of 40

MSM refers to which of the following?

Maternal Self-Monitoring

Macrogenic Skin Maladies

Men having sex with men

Monoclonal Septic Masking

Maladaptive Sado-Masochism

Question

11 of 40

Which of the following is an example of the ethical principal of duty to treat, as it relates to counseling clients with HIV/AIDS?

Identifying and personally providing all services needed by a client, even if those services require the counselor to briefly move beyond his/her scope of practice

Helping clients access all of the services they need, including medical and psychiatric care, regardless of their financial circumstances or ability to pay

Insisting that clients get needed HIV/AIDS testing and treatment in all circumstances

Continuing to keep a client on one's caseload once a relationship has been established, rather than refer the client to a counselor with a different skill set or different values

A and B only.

Question

12 of 40

Which of the following statements are true, supporting the argument that drug treatment is HIV/AIDS prevention?

Buprenorphine/naloxone treatment administered in physicians' offices for opioid abuse is associated with decreased injection drug use and other HIV risk behaviors.

Reduction in cocaine is associated with decreased HIV risk, mainly as a result of fewer sexual partners and less unprotected sex.

Research shows that combining methadone treatment with behavioral therapy can result in a decrease in injection drug use by clients.

All of the above

A and C only

Question

13 of 40

Which of the following are barriers that might cause individuals to avoid seeking treatment for HIV/AIDS?

Stigma surrounding homosexuality

Desire to know if one is infected with the HIV virus

Placing no value on one's life

Partner's request for the individual to get HIV testing

a and c only

Question

14 of 40

Which of the following statements are is about the co-occurrence of HIV/AIDS and other chronic diseases?

The presence of HIV in persons with Hepatitis-C and HIV accelerates the progression of end-stage liver disease and death, compared with persons who have Hepatitis-C only.

Within three years of beginning injection drug use, most intravenous drug users contract Hepatitis-C.

Up to 90% of HIV-infected intravenous drug users may be infected with Hepatitis-C.

All of the above

A and C only

Question

15 of 40

Generational forgetting refers to:

the fact that AIDS-related dementia develops more quickly in elderly individuals.

the fact that adolescents do not tend to think about health issues like HIV/AIDS because they view them as "adult problems" that cannot happen to young people.

the fact that the knowledge of the adverse consequences of HIV/AIDS that is well understood by one generation is lost by the next generation.

none of the above.

all of the above.

Question

16 of 40

Techniques to improve medication compliance for individuals with HIV/AIDS include which of the following?

Having drug regimens that are simple, with a goal of twice-a-day administration

Setting up written protocols for taking medications, with scheduling that coincides with the person's normal habits or schedule

Setting up written lists that can be posted in visible places as reminders and using timers or alarms to provide reminders

Giving positive feedback for compliance

All of the above

Question

17 of 40

Which of the following statements is true regarding women and HIV/AIDS?

The HIV virus can be transmitted to a baby through breastfeeding.

The progression of HIV/AIDS is accelerated during pregnancy.

The most common route of transmission of the HIV virus to women is through intravenous drug use.

All of the above

A and b only

Question

18 of 40

For HIV-infected clients in substance abuse treatment, a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention must include which of the following goals?

Living substance free and sober

Reducing HIV risk-taking behaviors

Slowing or halting the progression of HIV/AIDS

Following a twelve-step program in order to minimize the likelihood of relapse

A, B, and C only

Question

19 of 40

About one-fourth of all persons in the United States infected with HIV/AIDS are

homosexual men.

bisexual women.

living in the southern states.

over the age of 50.

adolescents.

Question

20 of 40

If a person has only one sexual partner, s/he does not likely need to have HIV testing.

True

False

Question

21 of 40

After a long period of decline, the incidence of HIV/AIDS has begun to increase again among

pregnant women.

MSM.

adolescents.

all of the above.

b and c only.

Question

22 of 40

If you are counseling a pregnant, HIV-positive client, which of the following facts are important for her to know?

The use of AZT by the mother and the newborn can reduce the rate of HIV transmission substantially.

HIV can be passed through breast milk, and breastfeeding is contraindicated for HIV-positive mothers.

The greatest risk of transmission of HIV from a mother to her baby is during labor and delivery, and choosing to have a C-section can significantly reduce the likelihood of such transmission.

All of the above

B and C only

Question

23 of 40

Which of the following statements is true about post-exposure prophylaxis?

PEP should be initiated no later than 72 hours after exposure.

PEP is 100% effective as a prevention method.

PEP is administered as a single dose of anti-retroviral drugs.

All of the above

a and c only

Question

24 of 40

The most important ethical dilemmas for counselors are those that involve

conflicts between the clinician's values and the client's behaviors.

society's judgment about drug abuse and sexual behaviors.

mbiguous interpretations of professional ethical standards.

all of the above.

a and b only.

Question

25 of 40

Which of the following is an example of the ethical principal of justice as it relates to counseling clients with HIV/AIDS?

Giving all clients the same time, caring, and quality of counseling regardless of one's personal feelings about the client's lifestyle or its consequences

Helping clients get all the entitlements and benefits to which they are legally entitled

Creating agency policies to ensure that all counselors are held to the same standard of care for all clients, regardless of the client's background or the counselor's values

A and C only.

All of the above.

Question

26 of 40

Which of the following are effective methods of HIV/AIDS sexual risk reduction?

Using double instead of single condoms

Using contraceptive methods such as Norplant or birth control pills

Using female condoms

Using oil-based lubricants during sexual intercourse

a and c only

Question

27 of 40

Drug abuse increases HIV/AIDS risk and adverse consequences because

drug abuse impairs judgment and decision-making about high-risk HIV/AIDS behaviors.

drug abuse adversely affects an individual's overall health and resistance to disease, thereby further weakening his/her ability to fight off opportunistic infections resulting from HIV.

drug abuse frequently leads to the same behaviors that increase an individual's likelihood of contracting HIV/AIDS, such as risky sex and needle-sharing.

All of the above.

A and B only.

Question

28 of 40

Why are HIV/AIDS prevention and early intervention initiatives for adolescents so challenging?

Adolescents tend to believe that they are invincible and that nothing can happen to them.

Adolescents have difficulty understanding the subject matter of AIDS education programs.

Adolescents do not want to learn anything that has sexual implications.

Adolescents can never get HIV testing without parental consent.

All of the above.

Question

29 of 40

Addictions professionals are sometimes conflicted about whether to provide pain management medications to HIV/AIDS clients with histories of addiction.

True

False

Question

30 of 40

Which of the following is/are not considered a primary means of transmission of HIV/AIDS?

Blood

Breast milk

Urine

Saliva

c and d only

Question

31 of 40

Which of the following approaches can help addictions treatment programs best meet the needs of their clients who have or are at high risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS?

Providing access to psychiatric assessment and treatment for clients who may have mental health needs.

Providing separate entrances and waiting areas so that clients who do not have HIV are not traumatized by the appearance of advanced-AIDS clients.

Providing specialized support groups for HIV-positive clients and their families.

Requiring HIV testing for all clients who are intravenous drug users, to help the client identify and receive needed HIV medical services at the earliest possible time.

a and c only

Question

32 of 40

The difference between confidential and anonymous HIV testing is which of the following?

Confidential testing means that test results can be given to doctors or other treatment facilities without your consent, while this is allowed with anonymous testing.

Confidential testing requires an individual to provide his/her name, which will be reported to the state health department.

Anonymous testing does not require a person to give his/her name.

All of the above.

B and C only.

Question

33 of 40

There is no risk of being infected with HIV if you practice safe sex and are not an IV drug user.

True

False

Question

34 of 40

Which of the following statements are true regarding Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART)?

HAART has been shown to be very effective in reducing an individual's CD-4 count.

HAART is correlated with longer survival and improved quality of life for persons with HIV/AIDS.

Unlike standard Anti-retroviral Therapy, HAART does not need to continue for the duration of an HIV/AIDS patient's life.

HAART shows the greatest beneficial impact for late-stage HIV/AIDS patients and is less effective for those with early-stage disease.

All of the above.

Question

35 of 40

Which of the following strategies are recommended for addiction treatment programs that serve HIV/AIDS clients?

Discussing topics related to death/dying and bereavement with newly-diagnosed HIV/AIDS clients so that they can begin to prepare for their future realistically.

Making HIV-testing a required part of the intake/assessment process for all new clients to improve early detection and ensure appropriate medical treatment for clients at the earliest stage of their disease when treatment can be most effective.

Establishing support groups that are based on HIV/AIDS stage-of-diagnosis or stage-of-disease.

All of the above.

B and C only.

Question

36 of 40

STDs can develop into HIV/AIDS if they are not treated.

True

False

Question

37 of 40

Which of the following statements about the relationship between domestic violence and HIV/AIDS is true?

There is no correlation between domestic violence and the likelihood of a woman's risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS.

A study of Latino and African American women who had been victims of partner violence showed that they were four times more likely to have engaged in sex with a risky sexual partner than were women without a history of partner violence.

The same study showed that women with a history of partner violence were six times more likely than non-abused women to have reported a sexually transmitted disease.

Women with a history of domestic violence are at high risk to acquire HIV/AIDS because of their low self-esteem.

b, c, and d only

Question

38 of 40

Cigarette smoking is a significant health issue for individuals with HIV/AIDS because

HIV-infected smokers are more likely to develop bacterial pneumonia, oral candidiasis, and hairy leukoplakia than non-HIV smokers.

Individuals with HIV/AIDS ultimately die from opportunistic infections, not from AIDS itself, and smoking increases the odds of acquiring such infections.

Cigarette smoking compromises the immune system and further weakens individuals' ability to fight off AIDS-related conditions.

All of the above.

B and C only.

Question

39 of 40

The AIDS virus is transmitted as easily from women to men as from men to women.

True

False

Question

40 of 40

Integrated treatment approaches for individuals with substance use disorders and HIV/AIDS include which of the following?

Providing HIV/AIDS testing at addiction treatment sites

Co-locating primary medical care at addiction treatment sites

Including HIV/AIDS education components in addiction treatment programs

All of the above.

A and C only.