HCP -0530 Fall 2016 Exam Ch 11 - Self and Social Understanding

Chapter 11: Self and Social UnderstandingQUESTION 1
1. Six-month-old Amy looks and smiles more at videos of others than at videos of herself, which indicates that Amy

does not sense that she is distinct from her surroundings.

views other people as potential social partners.

has not yet developed self-awareness.

recognizes the others as caregivers.
5 points
QUESTION 2
1. Securely attached toddlers

show greater knowledge of their own physical features than insecurely attached toddlers.

show less knowledge of their parents physical features than insecurely attached toddlers.

display less complex self-related actions during play than insecurely attached toddlers.

are unable to label their own body parts.
5 points
QUESTION 3
1. Jenny, a toddler, watches another toddler, Alberto, push buttons on a musical toy. Jenny takes the toy she is holding and begins to push buttons on it. Alberto watches Jenny and then pushes his toy s buttons and looks up to see if Jenny is watching. Jenny shows interest in Alberto s activities, but she also

appears confused about why he is imitating her.

becomes angry that he is copying her actions.

wants to be better at the activity than he is.

realizes that he is interested in her activities.
5 points
QUESTION 4
1. In one study, storytelling by Chinese families in Taiwan differed from storytelling by Irish-American families in that

Chinese parents used storytelling to guide the child toward socially responsible behavior.

Irish-American parents focused more on children s misdeeds.

Irish-American parents were more likely to discuss family excursions and holidays.

Chinese parents used storytelling as a means of teaching self-esteem.
5 points
QUESTION 5
1. False-belief understanding

develops earlier in boys than girls.

is associated with early reading ability.

is fully developed by age 5 or 6.

interferes with children s eyewitness memory.
5 points
QUESTION 6
1. Mindy, a preschooler, is able to perform well on false-belief and other theory-of-mind tasks, which indicates that Mindy s mother probably

describes Mindy in terms of mental characteristics.

uses an authoritarian child-rearing style.

gives her explicit training on such tasks.

rarely uses such terms as want, like, and think.
5 points
QUESTION 7
1. By age _____, children begin to describe themselves in terms of typical emotions and attitudes.

3½

5

7½

10
5 points
QUESTION 8
1. Based on Darius s inability to establish joint attention with his parents and point to objects he is interested in, as well as his ________, Darius has been diagnosed with autism.

excessive empathy

incredibly large vocabulary

insistence on playing with an imaginary friend

abnormally large amygdala as indicated by MRI
5 points
QUESTION 9
1. Mario describes himself as prone to mistakes, but hard-working and ethical. Mario is probably a(n)

teenager.

emerging adult.

preschooler.

school-age child.
5 points
QUESTION 10
1. Sasha is a seventh grader who laughs at her friends jokes even when she does not think they are funny. She believes her friends will like her more because of this. Sasha has developed

mind-mindedness.

egocentrism.

social comparison skills.

perspective-taking skills.
5 points
QUESTION 11
1. ________ ranks among the most important aspects of self-development.

Self-esteem

Theory of mind

Close friendship

Development of a generalized other
5 points
QUESTION 12
1. Self-esteem originates early and

drastically fluctuates in adolescence, particularly in boys.

peaks in adolescence.

its structure becomes increasingly elaborate with age.

rarely fluctuates across childhood and adolescence.
5 points
QUESTION 13
1. Self-esteem in the early school years

is usually much higher than in the preschool years.

peaks as children engage in social comparisons.

is especially low in boys.

adjusts to a realistic level as children engage in social comparison.
5 points
QUESTION 14
1. Which of the following children is likely to have the highest self-esteem?

Victor, who is African American

Alexander, who is Caucasian

Tao, who is Chinese

Shay, who is Japanese
5 points
QUESTION 15
1. Among preschoolers, children who give up easily when faced with a challenge

are considered learning optimists.

tend to underestimate task difficulty while rating their own abilities very high.

typically have a history of parental criticism and control.

base their self-esteem entirely on inner standards.
5 points
QUESTION 16
1. Learned-helpless children fail to connect their effort with success because they focus on

mastery of a goal.

learning goals.

performance goals.

outcomes.
5 points
QUESTION 17
1. Compared with American parents, Asian parents are more likely to attribute achievement to

effort.

ability.

genetics.

luck.
5 points
QUESTION 18
1. Attribution retraining is most effective for children when

it consists of well-intended messages from adults that attribute children s success to chance.

success is linked to ability rather than to effort.

begun early, before children s views of themselves become hard to change.

accompanied by public celebration of performance goals.
5 points
QUESTION 19
1. When asked which college she was considering, Laila responded, I have looked at several schools, but I do not think it makes much difference which one I choose. Laila is demonstrating characteristics of identity

foreclosure.

moratorium.

achievement.

diffusion.
5 points
QUESTION 20
1. One reason suicide increases in adolescence seems to be

an inability to overcome an identity crisis.

a drastic rise in mental illness.

teenagers improved ability to plan ahead.

the availability of firearms.
5 points
QUESTION 21
1. Minority teenagers who have experienced discrimination are likely to

show a determination to exceed expectations of their cultural group.

develop a positive ethnic identity.

have low ethnic pride.

explore their ethnic identity to gain a better understanding of it.
5 points
QUESTION 22
1. Before age 8, children s descriptions of others focus on

personality traits.

commonly experienced emotions and attitudes.

physical traits.

inner dispositions.
5 points
QUESTION 23
1. By age ____, white children generally evaluate their own racial group more favorably than other racial groups.

3 to 4

5 to 6

7 to 8

9 to 10
5 points
QUESTION 24
1. Which of the following statements regarding school integration in the United States is true?

Most schools offer classes designed to counter racial and ethnic biases.

Most students attend schools where the majority of students are of their own race.

About 70 percent of Native American children attend segregated schools on reservations.

African Americans are the most racially isolated group.
5 points
QUESTION 25
1. Seven-year-old Chiara has become more adept at persuading her friends to play house instead of getting angry and telling them they must play house, largely because

of gains in her perspective-taking capacity.

she is afraid to ask adults to help her.

her friends will not play if she yells at them.

her friends are tired of her yelling at them.