Given the definition of deviance described above, what is a scholarly definition

(1) Given the definition of deviance described above, what is a scholarly definition of crime and is it always the same as deviance? Can something be deviant but not criminal and vice versa?

(2) A student wants to achieve good grades but is not interested in studying for exams or putting in the required time for his/her online class; instead, the student finds various ways to cheat.  How does Robert Merton’s strain theory explain this behavior, and which “type” does the student exemplify?

(3) In terms of social control theory, does the threat (from the professor) to submit all formal paper assignments to Turnitin.com, a common academic program to identify and prevent plagiarism from internet resources keep most students from plagiarizing their papers? Why or Why not?