Excelsior NUR505 2021 September Complete Course Latest
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 1 Discussion
Recent Advances in the Pathophysiological Relation Between Cancer and Immunity
Discussion Topic:
Identify one of these advances in the pathophysiological relationship between cancer and immunity.
In your initial post:
Discuss how the identified advance in the pathophysiology of the disease has led or could lead to advances in the treatment of the disease.
Identify some disparities (racial, ethnic, or underserved) in the pathophysiology and/or treatment outcomes of the disease.
Discuss how knowledge of and advances in pathophysiology can help you acquire the AACN Essential V: Informatics and Healthcare Technologies [AACN Essentials document (Links to an external site.)][PDF, file size 322.29KB].
You are expected to participate in scholarly conversations with peers and faculty using a significant number of credible references to support your posts. Expectations for participation in the course discussions are described under the Discussion Rubric: Exploration, Spirit of Inquiry, and Engagement (interactions) when relating your experiences, opinions, viewpoints, and ideas supported by evidence.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 2 Discussion
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
No unread replies.No replies.
Recent advances in immunogenetics have significantly contributed to the success of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as a treatment modality.
Photograph of an intravenous bag with blood hanging from an intravenous pole. Image Citation: Fnaq. (2015, November 5). Hematopoietic stem cells. WikiMedia Commons. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=fnaq+2015+november+5&title=Special:Search&go=Go&searchToken=85hthywu7ofnt4i966swavhce#/media/File:Hematopoietic_stem_cell.jpg In your initial response:
Discuss how the identified advance in the pathophysiology of the disease has led or could lead to advances in the treatment of the disease.
Identify factors that contribute to disparities in hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Discuss how knowledge of and advances in pathophysiology related to hematologic malignancies can help you acquire the AACN Essential IX: Master’s-Level Nursing Practice. [AACN Essentials document (Links to an external site.)][PDF, file size 322.29KB]
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 3 Discussion
Advances in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Crohn's disease, artwork. Crohn's disease causes inflammation, thickening, and ulceration of part of the intestinal tract. Its cause is unknown and there is no cure. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea and the malabsorption of food, leading to weight loss. Image Citation: Encyclopedia Britannica ImageQuest. (n.d.). Crohn's disease, artwork. [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://quest.eb.com/search/132_1354598/1/132_1354598/citeDiscussion Topic:
Identify one recent advance in the pathophysiology of one chronic inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis, or irritable bowel syndrome):
In your initial response:
Discuss how the identified advance in the pathophysiology of the disease has led or could lead to advances in the treatment of the disease.
Identify some disparities (racial, ethnic, or under-served) in the pathophysiology and/or treatment outcomes of the disease.
Discuss how knowledge of and advances in pathophysiology can help you acquire the AACN Essential I: Background for Practice from Sciences and Humanities [AACN Essentials document (Links to an external site.)][PDF, file size 322.29KB].
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 4 Discussion
Advances in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease
Artwork of a section through the urinary system showing an infection of a kidney (pyelonephritis, upper left). The affected kidney is sectioned to show the formation of pus (yellow). Pyelonephritis may be either acute or chronic. The acute form is usually caused when bacteria causing cystitis spreads up the ureters (yellow, down left and right) from the bladder. Image Citation: Encyclopedia Britannica ImageQuest. (n.d.). Kidney infection [Photography]. Retrieved from https://quest.eb.com/search/132_1260337/1/132_1260337/citeClick image to enlarge
Discussion Topic:
Identify one recent advance in the pathophysiology of one chronic kidney disease.
In your initial response:
Discuss how the identified advance in the pathophysiology of the disease has led or could lead to advances in the treatment of the disease?
Identify some disparities (racial, ethnic, or underserved) in the pathophysiology and/or treatment outcomes of the disease.
Discuss how knowledge of and advances in pathophysiology can help you acquire the AACN Essential IV: Translating and Integrating Scholarship into Practice [AACN Essentials document (Links to an external site.)][PDF, file size 322.29KB].
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 5 Discussion
Advances in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Female Infertility
Discussion Topic:
Identify one of the recent advances in the pathophysiology of female infertility:
In your initial response:
Discuss how the identified advance in the pathophysiology of the disease has led or could lead to advances in the treatment of the disease.
Identify some disparities (racial, ethnic, or underserved) in the pathophysiology and/or treatment outcomes of the disease.
Discuss how knowledge of and advances in pathophysiology can help you acquire the AACN Essential VI: Health Policy and Advocacy [AACN Essentials document (Links to an external site.)][PDF, file size 322.29KB].
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 6 Discussion
Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Osteoporosis
Discussion Topic :
Identify one of these advances in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
In your initial post:
Discuss how the identified advance in the pathophysiology of the disease has led or could lead to advances in the treatment of the disease.
Identify some disparities (racial, ethnic, or underserved) in the pathophysiology and/or treatment outcomes of the disease.
Discuss how knowledge of and advances in pathophysiology can help you acquire the AACN Essential VIII: Clinical Prevention and Population Health for Improving Health [AACN Essentials document (Links to an external site.)][PDF, file size 322.29KB].
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 7 Discussion
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Discussion Topic :
Identify one of the recent advances in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, then:
In your initial post:
Discuss how the identified advance in the pathophysiology of the disease has led or could lead to advances in the treatment of the disease.
Identify some disparities (racial, ethnic, or underserved) in the pathophysiology and/or treatment outcomes of the disease.
Discuss how knowledge of and advances in pathophysiology can help you acquire the AACN Essential VII: Interprofessional Collaboration [AACN Essentials document (Links to an external site.)][PDF, file size 322.29KB].
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 8 Discussion
Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Sepsis and Septic Shock
Identify one of these advances in the pathophysiology of sepsis and septic shock.
In your initial post:
Discuss how the identified advance in the pathophysiology of the disease has led or could lead to advances in the treatment of the disease.
Identify some disparities (racial, ethnic, or under-served) in the pathophysiology and/or treatment outcomes of the disease.
Discuss how knowledge of and advances in pathophysiology can help you acquire the AACN Essential III: Quality Improvement and Safety [AACN Essentials document (Links to an external site.)][PDF, file size 322.29KB].
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 1 Assignment
Case Study – Ms. Johnson
The Case
Ms. Johnson, a 39-year-old African American female presents to a family medicine clinic complaining of fatigue and joint pain. She works as a substitute teacher and is not eligible for health insurance. She has not been able to work for 6 weeks due to her symptoms. Recently, she has noticed new dark spots on her face (Figure 1) and scaly, patchy redness on her scalp. She also reports new painless ulcers in her mouth.
Description: Photogram of chronic, cutaneous lupus erythematosus (discoid lupus erythematosus = DLE) on the face of an African-American female face. Citation: Sperling, L. C. (n.d.). Discoid lupus erythematous. WikiMedia Commons. Sperling, L. C. (n.d.). Discoid lupus erythematous. WikiMedia Commons. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Discoid_lupus_erythematosus.JPG Figure 1
dr.HillHairLoss.com. (2017, October 29). Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). Retrieved from http://drhillhairloss.com/discoid-lupus-erythematosus/ Description: Photograph of African-American female’s back of head with loss of skin color and hair.Figure 2
Based on the clinical presentation of Ms. Johnson:
List 3 differential diagnoses starting with the most likely diagnosis.
Explain the approach or criteria you use to reach to the most likely diagnosis.
Describe, at an advanced level, the pathophysiology of
The joint pain
The dark spots on the face
The lesion on the scalp
What data would you obtain from Ms. Johnson to identify her risk factors that are relevant to the diagnosis?
To confirm the diagnosis empirically:
List the essential diagnostic tests that should be ordered.
Specify the physiological alteration(s) you want to detect through each test.
Formulate a holistic advanced practice nursing plan of care for Ms. Johnson addressing the following:
Physical Needs:
State an overview of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies of the disease.
Specify the functional or structural alteration(s) that each therapy is targeting.
Educational and Psychosocial Needs:
List some relevant topics for patient/family education.
Address the effect of the disease on the patient, family, and society.
Late Assignment Policy: All assignments (e.g. papers, projects, etc.) are expected to be submitted on time. If unplanned or extenuating* circumstances prevent on time submission, then students should follow these guidelines:
Contact your instructor with details about the extenuating circumstances if you are requesting permission to submit late.
If a student submits an assignment late without permission, it will not be graded until the student communicates with the instructor. If there is no communication with the instructor before the assignment grade is due, a grade of zero will be assigned.
The first late submission in the course will be accepted and graded without penalty up to 5 days after the due date. After 5 days of no submission, the instructor may assess a late penalty of 5 percent per day.
All subsequent late assignments may be assessed a late penalty of 5 percent per day, starting on day one. There will be no 5-day grace period.
This policy does not pertain to discussion posts. Please review the course specific discussion rubric for further guidance.
Please note that course structure may result in exceptions to the late policy. In this case, the instructor will either clarify or arrange guidelines for submission of assignments with the student(s).
No work will be accepted after the final day of the term unless an official course extension has been granted. Excelsior College Extension Policy
*Some types of extenuating circumstances that will be considered, if they prevent the student from completing the assignment or assessment on time, are the following:
an illness or injury
a death of a family member or significant other
a significant change in employment or military status
a trauma in the student’s life
technical issues
a natural disaster Assistance to Students in Disaster and Emergency Areas
unplanned events
Please note: What will not be considered are some planned events such as weddings, vacations, etc.
Documentation for in extenuating circumstances may be required.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 2 Assignment
Case Study – Mr. Richardson
The Case
Mr. Richardson is a 61-year-old male presents to the emergency department complaining of progressive shortness of breath. Additionally, he reports fatigue, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Physical examination revealed rales over the lung bases, there is a third heart sound (S3) gallop, distended jugular vein, and pedal edema.
Based on the clinical presentation of Mr. Richardson:
What is the most likely medical diagnosis?
Explain the approach or criteria you use to reach to that diagnosis.
Describe, at advanced level, the pathophysiology of
Rales
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
S3 gallop
What data would you obtain from Mr. Richardson to identify his risk factors that are relevant to the diagnosis?
To confirm the diagnosis empirically:
List the essential diagnostic tests that should be ordered.
Specify the physiological alteration(s) you want to detect through each test.
Formulate an advanced practice nursing holistic plan of care for Mr. Richardson addressing the following:
Physical Needs:
State an overview of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies of the disease.
Specify the functional or structural alteration(s) that each therapy is targeting.
Educational and Psychosocial Needs:
List some relevant topics for patient education.
Address the effect of the disease on the patient, family, and society.
Late Assignment Policy: All assignments (e.g. papers, projects, etc.) are expected to be submitted on time. If unplanned or extenuating* circumstances prevent on time submission, then students should follow these guidelines:
Contact your instructor with details about the extenuating circumstances if you are requesting permission to submit late.If a student submits an assignment late without permission, it will not be graded until the student communicates with the instructor. If there is no communication with the instructor before the assignment grade is due, a grade of zero will be assigned.
The first late submission in the course will be accepted and graded without penalty up to 5 days after the due date. After 5 days of no submission, the instructor may assess a late penalty of 5 percent per day.
All subsequent late assignments may be assessed a late penalty of 5 percent per day, starting on day one. There will be no 5-day grace period.
This policy does not pertain to discussion posts. Please review the course specific discussion rubric for further guidance.
Please note that course structure may result in exceptions to the late policy. In this case, the instructor will either clarify or arrange guidelines for submission of assignments with the student(s).
No work will be accepted after the final day of the term unless an official course extension has been granted. Excelsior College Extension Policy
*Some types of extenuating circumstances that will be considered, if they prevent the student from completing the assignment or assessment on time, are the following:
an illness or injury
a death of a family member or significant other
a significant change in employment or military status
a trauma in the student’s life
technical issues
a natural disaster Assistance to Students in Disaster and Emergency Areas
unplanned events
Please note: What will not be considered are some planned events such as weddings, vacations, etc.
Documentation for in extenuating circumstances may be required.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 3 Assignment
Case Study – Male Infant
The Case
John is an 8-month old infant brought to the outpatient clinic due to recurrent respiratory infections. Both of his parents are white. John's mother, Jessica, reports that John has a persistent cough with thick mucus since he was born. He has had three episodes of pneumonia already. He has failed to thrive and is falling below the 10th percentile for weight gain. Family history reveals that Jessica’s brother has cystic fibrosis.
Based on the clinical presentation of John:
List three differential diagnoses starting with the most likely diagnosis.
Explain the approach or criteria you use to reach to that diagnosis.
Describe, at advanced level, the pathophysiology of:
A persistent cough
Thick mucus
Failure to thrive
What are the risk factors that have contributed to the development of John’s condition?
To confirm the diagnosis empirically:
List the essential diagnostic tests that should be ordered.
Specify the physiological alteration(s) you want to detect through each test.
Formulate a holistic advanced practice nursing plan of care for John addressing the following:
Physical Needs:
State an overview of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies of the disease.
Specify the functional or structural alteration(s) that each therapy is targeting.
Educational and Psychosocial Needs:
List some relevant topics for patient/family education.
Address the effect of the disease on the patient, family, and society.
Late Assignment Policy: All assignments (e.g. papers, projects, etc.) are expected to be submitted on time. If unplanned or extenuating* circumstances prevent on time submission, then students should follow these guidelines:
Contact your instructor with details about the extenuating circumstances if you are requesting permission to submit late.
If a student submits an assignment late without permission, it will not be graded until the student communicates with the instructor. If there is no communication with the instructor before the assignment grade is due, a grade of zero will be assigned.
The first late submission in the course will be accepted and graded without penalty up to 5 days after the due date. After 5 days of no submission, the instructor may assess a late penalty of 5 percent per day.
All subsequent late assignments may be assessed a late penalty of 5 percent per day, starting on day one. There will be no 5-day grace period.
This policy does not pertain to discussion posts. Please review the course specific discussion rubric for further guidance.
Please note that course structure may result in exceptions to the late policy. In this case, the instructor will either clarify or arrange guidelines for submission of assignments with the student(s).
No work will be accepted after the final day of the term unless an official course extension has been granted. Excelsior College Extension Policy
*Some types of extenuating circumstances that will be considered, if they prevent the student from completing the assignment or assessment on time, are the following:
an illness or injury
a death of a family member or significant other
a significant change in employment or military status
a trauma in the student’s life
technical issues
a natural disaster Assistance to Students in Disaster and Emergency Areas
unplanned events
Please note: What will not be considered are some planned events such as weddings, vacations, etc.
Documentation for in extenuating circumstances may be required.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 4 Assignment
Case Study – Mr. Peterson
The Case
Mr. Petersen is a 54-year-old African American male who works in the aluminum industry. He smokes one pack of cigarettes per day and drinks alcohol occasionally. He presents to his doctor’s office today and reports that, for the last 2 months, his urine stream has become smaller and weaker and recently he has been experiencing dysuria and the color of his urine has become darker.
Based on the clinical presentation of Mr. Petersen:
List three differential diagnoses starting with the most likely diagnosis.
Explain the approach or criteria you use to reach to that diagnosis.
Describe, at the advanced level, the pathophysiology of:
Weak urine stream
Dysuria
Dark urine
What are the risk factors that have contributed to the development of Mr. Petersen condition?
To confirm the diagnosis empirically:
List the essential diagnostic tests that should be ordered.
Specify the physiological alteration(s) you want to detect through each test.
Formulate a holistic advanced practice nursing plan of care for Mr. Petersen addressing the following:
Physical Needs:
State an overview of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies of the disease.
Specify the functional or structural alteration(s) that each therapy is targeting.
Educational and Psychosocial Needs:
List some relevant topics for patient/family education.
Address the effect of the disease on the patient, family, and society.
Late Assignment Policy: All assignments (e.g. papers, projects, etc.) are expected to be submitted on time. If unplanned or extenuating* circumstances prevent on time submission, then students should follow these guidelines:
Contact your instructor with details about the extenuating circumstances if you are requesting permission to submit late.
If a student submits an assignment late without permission, it will not be graded until the student communicates with the instructor. If there is no communication with the instructor before the assignment grade is due, a grade of zero will be assigned.
The first late submission in the course will be accepted and graded without penalty up to 5 days after the due date. After 5 days of no submission, the instructor may assess a late penalty of 5 percent per day.
All subsequent late assignments may be assessed a late penalty of 5 percent per day, starting on day one. There will be no 5-day grace period.
This policy does not pertain to discussion posts. Please review the course specific discussion rubric for further guidance.
Please note that course structure may result in exceptions to the late policy. In this case, the instructor will either clarify or arrange guidelines for submission of assignments with the student(s).
No work will be accepted after the final day of the term unless an official course extension has been granted. Excelsior College Extension Policy
*Some types of extenuating circumstances that will be considered, if they prevent the student from completing the assignment or assessment on time, are the following:
an illness or injury
a death of a family member or significant other
a significant change in employment or military status
a trauma in the student’s life
technical issues
a natural disaster Assistance to Students in Disaster and Emergency Areas
unplanned events
Please note: What will not be considered are some planned events such as weddings, vacations, etc.
Documentation for in extenuating circumstances may be required.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 5 Assignment
Case Study - Ms. Amelia
The Case
Ms. Amelia is a 38-year-old female who works as a manager. She is single and has never been pregnant. About two month ago, she noticed a lump in her left breast. It raised her concern, but she did not follow up on it. However, recently she has noticed that the skin over her left breast is getting darker and there is bloody discharge from her left nipple. She told her boyfriend, who convinced her to seek medical attention and brought her to the clinic.
Based on the clinical presentation of Ms. Amelia:
List 3 differential diagnoses starting with the most likely diagnosis.
Explain the approach or criteria you use to reach to that diagnosis.
Describe, at the advanced level, the pathophysiology of:
Breast lump
Bloody discharge
Skin dimpling
What are the risk factors that have contributed to the development of Ms. Amelia’s condition?
To confirm the diagnosis empirically:
List the essential diagnostic tests that should be ordered.
Specify the physiological alteration(s) you want to detect through each test.
Formulate a holistic advanced practice nursing plan of care for Ms. Amelia addressing the following:
Physical Needs:
State an overview of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies of the disease.
Specify the functional or structural alteration(s) that each therapy is targeting.
Educational and Psychosocial Needs:
List some relevant topics for patient/family education.
Address the effect of the disease on the patient, family, and society.
Late Assignment Policy: All assignments (e.g. papers, projects, etc.) are expected to be submitted on time. If unplanned or extenuating* circumstances prevent on time submission, then students should follow these guidelines:
Contact your instructor with details about the extenuating circumstances if you are requesting permission to submit late.
If a student submits an assignment late without permission, it will not be graded until the student communicates with the instructor. If there is no communication with the instructor before the assignment grade is due, a grade of zero will be assigned.
The first late submission in the course will be accepted and graded without penalty up to 5 days after the due date. After 5 days of no submission, the instructor may assess a late penalty of 5 percent per day.
All subsequent late assignments may be assessed a late penalty of 5 percent per day, starting on day one. There will be no 5-day grace period.
This policy does not pertain to discussion posts. Please review the course specific discussion rubric for further guidance.
Please note that course structure may result in exceptions to the late policy. In this case, the instructor will either clarify or arrange guidelines for submission of assignments with the student(s).
No work will be accepted after the final day of the term unless an official course extension has been granted. Excelsior College Extension Policy
*Some types of extenuating circumstances that will be considered, if they prevent the student from completing the assignment or assessment on time, are the following:
an illness or injury
a death of a family member or significant other
a significant change in employment or military status
a trauma in the student’s life
technical issues
a natural disaster Assistance to Students in Disaster and Emergency Areas
unplanned events
Please note: What will not be considered are some planned events such as weddings, vacations, etc.
Documentation for in extenuating circumstances may be required.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 6 Assignment
Case Study – Mr. Tung
The Case
Mr. Tung is a 26-year-old Asian male who presents to the emergency department due to muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine for 3 days. His past medical and surgical history is not significant. He reported joining a cross-fitness training for the first time 4 days ago. After the first day, he experienced pain and discomfort in his upper extremity, which he considered to be expected. In the 2nd day, the pain increased, and he noticed his urine was getting dark. He thought he needed to drink more water, so he went again on the 3rd day, but the pain was getting worse and the urine color continued to be dark. On the 4th day, he decided to seek medical advice.
Based on the clinical presentation of Mr. Tung:
List 3 differential diagnoses starting with the most likely diagnosis.
Explain the approach or criteria you use to reach to the most likely diagnosis.
Describe, at an advanced level, the pathophysiology of:
Muscle pain
Muscle weakness
Dark urine
What data would you obtain from Mr. Tung to identify his risk factors that are relevant to the diagnosis?
To confirm the diagnosis empirically:
List the essential diagnostic tests that should be ordered.
Specify the physiological alteration(s) you want to detect through each test.
Formulate holistic advanced practice nursing plan of care for Mr. Tung addressing the following:
Physical Needs:
State an overview of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies of the disease.
Specify the functional or structural alteration(s) that each therapy is targeting.
Educational and Psychosocial Needs:
List some relevant topics for patient/family education.
Address the effect of the disease on the patient, family, and society.
Late Assignment Policy: All assignments (e.g. papers, projects, etc.) are expected to be submitted on time. If unplanned or extenuating* circumstances prevent on time submission, then students should follow these guidelines:
Contact your instructor with details about the extenuating circumstances if you are requesting permission to submit late.
If a student submits an assignment late without permission, it will not be graded until the student communicates with the instructor. If there is no communication with the instructor before the assignment grade is due, a grade of zero will be assigned.
The first late submission in the course will be accepted and graded without penalty up to 5 days after the due date. After 5 days of no submission, the instructor may assess a late penalty of 5 percent per day.
All subsequent late assignments may be assessed a late penalty of 5 percent per day, starting on day one. There will be no 5-day grace period.
This policy does not pertain to discussion posts. Please review the course specific discussion rubric for further guidance.
Please note that course structure may result in exceptions to the late policy. In this case, the instructor will either clarify or arrange guidelines for submission of assignments with the student(s).
No work will be accepted after the final day of the term unless an official course extension has been granted. Excelsior College Extension Policy
*Some types of extenuating circumstances that will be considered, if they prevent the student from completing the assignment or assessment on time, are the following:
an illness or injury
a death of a family member or significant other
a significant change in employment or military status
a trauma in the student’s life
technical issues
a natural disaster Assistance to Students in Disaster and Emergency Areas
unplanned events
Please note: What will not be considered are some planned events such as weddings, vacations, etc.
Documentation for in extenuating circumstances may be required.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 7 Assignment
Case Study - Ms. Rice
The Case
Ms. Rice is a 39-year old African American female who presents today with weakness in the left leg, vertigo, and diplopia for three days. Three months ago, she delivered her first baby and, during her postpartum, she developed paresthesia in the left hand, which resolved without treatment. Today she reports that she is also having problems distinguishing colors.
Based on the clinical presentation of Ms. Rice:
List 3 differential diagnoses starting with the most likely diagnosis.
Explain the approach or criteria you use to reach to the most likely diagnosis.
Describe, at advanced level, the pathophysiology of:
Paresthesia
Diplopia
Vertigo
What data would you obtain from Ms. Rice to identify her risk factors that are relevant to the diagnosis?
To confirm the diagnosis empirically:
List the essential diagnostic tests that should be ordered.
Specify the physiological alteration(s) you want to detect through each test.
Formulate a holistic advanced practice nursing plan of care for Ms. Rice addressing the following:
Physical Needs:
State an overview of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies of the disease.
Specify the functional or structural alteration(s) that each therapy is targeting.
Educational and Psychosocial Needs:
List some relevant topics for patient/family education.
Address the effect of the disease on the patient, family, and society.
Late Assignment Policy:
All assignments (e.g. papers, projects, etc.) are expected to be submitted on time. If unplanned or extenuating* circumstances prevent on time submission, then students should follow these guidelines:
Contact your instructor with details about the extenuating circumstances if you are requesting permission to submit late.
If a student submits an assignment late without permission, it will not be graded until the student communicates with the instructor. If there is no communication with the instructor before the assignment grade is due, a grade of zero will be assigned.
The first late submission in the course will be accepted and graded without penalty up to 5 days after the due date. After 5 days of no submission, the instructor may assess a late penalty of 5 percent per day.
All subsequent late assignments may be assessed a late penalty of 5 percent per day, starting on day one. There will be no 5-day grace period.
This policy does not pertain to discussion posts. Please review the course specific discussion rubric for further guidance.
Please note that course structure may result in exceptions to the late policy. In this case, the instructor will either clarify or arrange guidelines for submission of assignments with the student(s).
No work will be accepted after the final day of the term unless an official course extension has been granted. Excelsior College Extension Policy
*Some types of extenuating circumstances that will be considered, if they prevent the student from completing the assignment or assessment on time, are the following:
an illness or injury
a death of a family member or significant other
a significant change in employment or military status
a trauma in the student’s life
technical issues
a natural disaster Assistance to Students in Disaster and Emergency Areas
unplanned events
Please note: What will not be considered are some planned events such as weddings, vacations, etc.
Documentation for in extenuating circumstances may be required.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 8 Assignment
Case Study – Mr. Hindawi
The Case
Mr. Hindawi is a 66-year-old Egyptian male who is brought in by paramedics to the emergency department with abdominal pain. He is confused, and his extremities are cold with cyanosis. His blood pressure (BP) is 75/50-millimeter mercury (mm Hg), his heart rate (HR) is 125 beats per minute, and his temperature is 35.6° Celsius. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed extraluminal gas and suspected extraluminal feces consistent with a perforated sigmoid colon.
Based on the clinical presentation of Mr. Hindawi:
List 3 differential diagnoses starting with the most likely diagnosis.
Explain the approach or criteria you use to reach to the most likely diagnosis.
Describe, at an advanced level, the pathophysiology of:
Hypotension
Confusion
Cyanosis
What data would you obtain from Mr. Hindawi’s family to identify his risk factors that are relevant to the diagnosis?
To confirm the diagnosis empirically:
List the essential diagnostic tests that should be ordered.
Specify the physiological alteration(s) you want to detect through each test.
Formulate a holistic advanced practice nursing plan of care for Mr. Hindawi addressing the following:
Physical Needs:
State an overview of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies of the disease.
Specify the functional or structural alteration(s) that each therapy is targeting.
Educational and Psychosocial Needs:
List some relevant topics for patient/family education.
Address the effect of the disease on the patient, family, and society.
Late Assignment Policy: All assignments (e.g. papers, projects, etc.) are expected to be submitted on time. If unplanned or extenuating* circumstances prevent on time submission, then students should follow these guidelines:
Contact your instructor with details about the extenuating circumstances if you are requesting permission to submit late.
If a student submits an assignment late without permission, it will not be graded until the student communicates with the instructor. If there is no communication with the instructor before the assignment grade is due, a grade of zero will be assigned.
The first late submission in the course will be accepted and graded without penalty up to 5 days after the due date. After 5 days of no submission, the instructor may assess a late penalty of 5 percent per day.
All subsequent late assignments may be assessed a late penalty of 5 percent per day, starting on day one. There will be no 5-day grace period.
This policy does not pertain to discussion posts. Please review the course specific discussion rubric for further guidance.
Please note that course structure may result in exceptions to the late policy. In this case, the instructor will either clarify or arrange guidelines for submission of assignments with the student(s).
No work will be accepted after the final day of the term unless an official course extension has been granted. Excelsior College Extension Policy
*Some types of extenuating circumstances that will be considered, if they prevent the student from completing the assignment or assessment on time, are the following:
an illness or injury
a death of a family member or significant other
a significant change in employment or military status
a trauma in the student’s life
technical issues
a natural disaster Assistance to Students in Disaster and Emergency Areas
unplanned events
Please note: What will not be considered are some planned events such as weddings, vacations, etc.
Documentation for in extenuating circumstances may be required.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 1 Quiz
Question 1 can interfere with the excretion of and thus increase an individual’s predisposition to gout.
Select the option with the appropriate terms to fill in the spaces.
Lead; urate.
Lead; lactic acid.
Copper; ceruloplasmin.
Copper; urate.
Question 2What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
Hypoxic injury.
Chemical injury.
Mechanical trauma.
Radical-induced injury.
Question 3Most type reactions are allergic mediated by .
Select the option with the appropriate terms to fill in the spaces.
I; IgE.
I; IgA.
II; IgE.
III; IgA.
Question 4Which statement is true regarding hypersensitivity reactions?
They require sensitization against a particular antigen.
They occur after the primary immune response.
Reactions are always delayed.
The most delayed reaction is anaphylaxis.
Question 5 reaction is caused by the formation of immune complexes in the blood and their deposition in target tissues, while reaction deposits complexes into the walls of blood vessels.
Select the option with the appropriate terms to fill in the spaces.
Serums sickness; Arthus.
Arthus; serum sickness.
Type IV; Arthus.
Serum sickness; type III.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 2 Quiz
Question 1A patient with atherosclerosis will unlikely manifest which of the following signs?
Xanthelasmas
Carotid arterial bruits
Arcus senilis.
Aortic diastolic murmur.
Question 2A patient presents with fatigue, unintentional weight loss, and left upper quadrant abdominal pain. His white blood cell (WBC) count was 42,000 cell/mm3. Bone marrow aspiration was done and cytogenetic studies revealed the Philadelphia chromosome. Which of the following statements are correct?
Select all that apply.
The Philadelphia chromosome is a diagnostic abnormality for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
The Philadelphia chromosome is the most common genetic abnormality in leukemic cells.
Imatinib (Gleevec) is a drug of choice that inhibits leukemic cells produced by the Philadelphia chromosome.
The Philadelphia chromosome results from reciprocal translocation of genetic materials between chromosome 10 and 21.
The Philadelphia chromosome is commonly seen in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).
Question 3.A patient is experiencing a transmural heart attack. Which of the patient’s enzymes are expected to be elevated?
Select all that apply.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI).
Creatine phosphokinase (CK-MB).
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).
High-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Question 4Alex is a 20-year-old college student who plays soccer for his university team. Today he unexpectedly collapses on the field. Five minutes later he regains consciousness. Because he has had similar episode before, the nurse practitioner at the university referred him to a cardiologist. Echocardiogram is done and revealed an increase in the mass of the left ventricle and a decrease in its volume, and normal ejection fraction. Based on the clinical presentation, what is the most likely medical diagnosis of Alex?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Myocarditis.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Systolic heart failure.
Question 5Which of the following statements accurately differentiate the pathophysiology of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) from the pathophysiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)?
Chromosomal translocations occur in NHL but do not occur in HL.
HL spreads by contiguity while NHL is noncontagious.
HL invades multiple peripheral nodes in the body while NHL usually affects localized nodes.
The triggering mechanism for HL is frequent Epstein-Barr viral infection and for NHL is the poor differentiation of T cells into Reed-Sternberg cells.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 3 Quiz
Question 1Which of the following contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity?
Increased Leptin resistance.
Increased production of adiponectin.
Decreased production of RBP4.
Decreased insulin resistance.
Question 2A 28-day-old infant is brought by his parents to the emergency department due to excessive crying, abdominal distention, and breathing difficulty. The infant was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis at birth. Which of the following explain the new complication the infant is presenting with?
There are inspissation and precipitation of pancreatic secretions causing obstruction of pancreatic ducts.
There are inspissation and precipitation of sinus and bronchial secretions causing pulmonary congestion.
There is an overproduction of pancreatic secretions causing pancreatic autodigestion.
There is an overproduction of vicious pulmonary mucus causing intestinal adhesion.
Question 3Which of the following has not been implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome?
Serotonin dysregulation.
Bacterial enteritis.
Allergy to lactose.
Gene mutation.
Question 4A 28-year old female patient with a history of cystic fibrosis presents to the emergency department with a productive cough and hemoptysis. A CT- scan is done and reveals "the left main bronchus is markedly dilated." This radiography description denotes which of the following conditions?
Bronchiectasis.
Bronchomalacia.
Bronchopleural fistula.
Bronchopneumonia.
Question 5A patient has developed left-sided pneumothorax as a result of chest trauma. Based on the pathophysiological consequences of tension pneumothorax, which of the following clinical manifestations is not expected?
Jugular vein distension.
Paradoxical chest movement.
Contralateral trachea deviation.
Left-sided hyper-resonance.
Question 6Which of the following statements is correct about tension pneumothorax?
The pathophysiologic effects of tension pneumothorax are self-limited.
As more air enters the pleural space, the trachea deviates toward the collapsed lung.
In complicated tension pneumothorax, cardiac output and blood pressure drop below normal parameters.
In tension pneumothorax, percussion on the collapsed lung side reveal dullness.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 4 Quiz
Question 1Which of the following is a classical ECG finding in case of hypokalemia?
The amplitude of the T wave is increased.
The amplitude of the U wave is increased.
The amplitude of the ST segment is elevated.
The length of the PR interval is decreased.
Question 2Which of the following does not increase the risk for urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Female gender.
Low urine potential of hydrogen (pH).
Low urine osmolality.
Diabetes mellitus.
Question 3Which of the following statements is correct about renal stones?
The great majority of renal stones are caused by phosphate precipitation.
Women are at higher risk for renal stones than men.
Struvite stones result from recurrent urinary tract infections.
Stones measure 1 cm to 1.5 cm pass the ureters spontaneously.
Question 4Calcium gluconate is used in cases of hyperkalemia. How does it work?
It enhances to potassium excretion from the renal tubules.
It counteracts potassium effects on cardiac muscles.
It enhances potassium shift from plasma into cells.
It enhances potassium excretion through the GI tract.
Question 5How does severe serum hypokalemia affect the cardiac muscles?
It decreases the membranes excitability leading to delayed ventricular repolarization.
It decreases the membranes excitability leading to rapid ventricular repolarization.
It increases the membranes excitability leading to paroxysmal atrial dysrhythmias.
It increases the membranes excitability leading to supraventricular dysrhythmias.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 5 Quiz
Question 1A 30-year-old pregnant woman presents for her follow-up at 28-week gestation. Her random plasma glucose in the previous visit was 142 mg/dL. This visit, her 2-hour glucose tolerance test resulted in 211 mg/dL. As a result, what is the most potential complication for this patient?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Low birth weight.
Spina bifida.
Question 2Which of the following can decrease the production of prolactin pathologically?
Prolactinomas.
Liver cirrhosis.
Hyperthyroidism.
Dopamine agonists.
Question 3Which of the following patients has the highest risk for developing diabetes mellitus?
A patient with hemoglobin A1C of 6.5%.
A patient with fasting plasma glucose of 120 mg/dL.
A patient with 180 mg/dL plasma glucose during OGTT .
A patient with polyuria and plasma glucose of 88 mg/dL.
Question 4Which of the following is not expected to be found in a patient with diabetes ketoacidosis?
Plasma glucose level of 290 mg/dL.
Serum pH level of 7.31.
Serum bicarbonate of 26 mEq/L.
Urine 50 mg/dL.
Question 5Which of the following is correct about the pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
The incidence of BPH decreases with advancing age.
BPH depends on the androgen dihydrotestosterone level.
BPH lowers the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level.
BPH greatly increases the risk for prostate cancer.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 6 Quiz
Question 1 is a rare complication of muscle injury where fibroblasts abnormally developed into osteoblasts.
Myositis ossification.
Paratenonitis.
Tendinosis.
Rhabdomyolosis.
Question 2Which of the following is correct about fungal infections in children?
Tinea pedis is the most common fungal infection in children.
Fungal infections in children are self-limiting and not contagious.
Tinea capitis affects the non-hairy parts of the child’s body.
Cats and dogs are common hosts and sources of tinea corporis.
Question 3Which of the following is incorrect about psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disorder.
Psoriasis is more common in Asians than Caucasians.
Psoriasis pathogenesis involves T-cell immune response.
Psoriasis affects both the dermis and epidermis.
Question 4 is the most serious electrolyte imbalance that occurs in rhabdomyolosis and requires immediate management.
Hyperkalemia.
Hypokalemia.
Hypocalcemia.
Hyperphosphatemia.
Question 5Which of the following represents the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Genetic defect leading to increased levels of dystrophin.
Genetic defect leading to no change in levels of dystrophin.
Genetic defect leading to complete lack of dystrophin.
Genetic defect leading to mutated dystrophin.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 7 Quiz
Question 1A patient sustained a spinal cord injury has developed autonomic hyperreflexia (dysreflexia). Which of the following must be given to prevent possible complications?
A short-acting antihypertensive.
Norepineprine.
Lasix.
Vancomycin.
Question 2The pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease involves accumulation of protein leading for formation of , which is the major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease.
Select the option with the appropriate terms to fill in the spaces.
amyloid beta; neuritic plaque.
gamma secretase; neurofibrillary tangle.
tau; neuritic plaque.
Alpha-synuclein; Lewy bodies.
Question 3Which of the following statements is false about the differences between bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis?
Bacterial meningitis affects the pia matter, subarachnoid space, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) while viral infection is limited to the meninges.
The clinical manifestations of bacterial meningitis are mild and localized while those of viral infections are severe and systemic.
Bacterial meningitis treatment requires antibiotic while viral meningitis treatment generally requires supportive care.
Intracranial pressure (ICP) increases in bacterial meningitis due to edema. In viral meningitis, edema does not develop and ICP is normal.
Question 4Which of the following is a manifestation of metabolic alterations in arousal?
Asymmetric, non-reactive pupils.
Absent response to Babinski sign.
Absent deep tendon reflexes.
Asymmetric sensation in limbs.
Question 5A child is diagnosed with pyramidal/spastic cerebral palsy. Which of the following manifestations is not consistent with the diagnosis?
Increased muscle tone.
Prolonged primitive reflexes.
Scoliosis and contractures.
Jerky, involuntary movement.
NUR505 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 8 Quiz
Question 1Which of the following is not a result of gluconeogenesis in shock?
Increased lactic acid.
Increased uric acid.
Increased heart rate.
Interstitial edema.
Question 2Which of the following is not a characteristic of cold shock in children?
Peripheral vasoconstriction.
Prolonged capillary refill.
Decreased peripheral pulses.
Wide pulse pressure.
Question 3In shock, cells switch to anaerobic metabolism. Which of the following is not a consequence of anaerobic metabolism?
Lactic acid forms causing acute metabolic acidosis.
Cells get less efficient energy and consume more acute thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP).
Lysosomal enzymes are released causing cellular injuries.
Protein metabolism decreases leading to low oncotic pressure.
Question 4What is the best diagnostic test of choice to identify the severity of hypoperfusion?
Serum lactic acid.
Central venous pressure.
Heart rate.
Urine output.
Question 5Which is the most common site of sepsis in children?
Gastrointestinal tract.
Urinary tract.
Primary bloodstream.
Respiratory tract.
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