enc510 final exam part 2

Question 1

Describe the main difference between a dependent and an independent t test. (Note: I am not asking you to list the strengths/weakness of each; just describe the basic difference between the two.).

Question 2

One major assumption with independent t tests is called “homogeneity of variances.” Describe this assumption.

Question 3

One major assumption with several tests of significance is referred to as “independence of observations.” Explain this assumption.

Question 4

What determines whether a post hoc test is used in a one-way ANOVA calculation? Be specific.

Question 5

What does it mean when two variables are described as “positively correlated”?

Question 6

It would not be ethical to assign one group of children to smoke in order to study the effects. So, in lieu of this type of direct experimentation, other forms of evidence are commonly accepted. Describe two of the common types of evidence that can be used to establish a cause-effect relationship when direct experimentation is not possible.

Question 7

Describe the “carry-effect.”

Question 8

List and describe two of the common types of explanations for statistical relationships (other than cause-effect).

Question 9

You are asked to design a study to investigate the effectiveness of the Atkins diet (IV = diet, DV = weight loss). Describe a study that would utilize an independent t test as the test statistic.

Question 10

You are asked to design a study to investigate the effectiveness of the Atkins diet (IV = diet, DV = weight loss). Describe a study that would utilize a dependent t test as the test statistic.

Question 11

Write a null hypothesis.

Question 12

Write a nondirectional alternative hypothesis.

Question 13

Interpret the results. (Use the guide from Week 5, What to Include When Writing Up Independent t Test Results.)

Question 14

Assume a type I error has been committed. Given the weaknesses of the independent t test, what is one possible explanation for the error?

Question 15

Assume a type I error has been committed. Given the weaknesses of the independent t test, what is another possible explanation for the error?