Discuss the role of the Northern and Southern gates in facilitating

Assignment 2 Guidelines

Answer only five questions From the Discussion Scroll [not ten]

Q. 1. Discuss the role of the Northern and Southern gates in facilitating the “Out of Africa”journey. To answer fully question 1 read carefully page 70 in the textbook and paraphrase your essay and write a coherent analysis on how Africans left first thru the Northern Gate about 120,000 years ago; describe in detail what happened to them. Secondly, describe the Second out of Africa Journey, the year and the places, and arrival of destination. Give evidence and discuss in detail the different between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens. Use J. Desmond Clark, a distinguished anthropologist in the field of pre-history of Africa, to help you document chronologically the paleo-anthropologist’s Radiocarbon [c-14] dating system. Write your closing remark and your understanding of Africa as the home of humankind.

Q.2. Identify: a) Homo habilus; b) Homo erectus; c) Neanderthal; d) Homo sapiens. To answer this fully read the textbook [ pages 72-71]; compare Homo erectus and Homo sapiens; discuss in great detail the DNA of Neanderthal and Homo sapiens and explain their difference; write why this species called Neanderthal and why finally vanished and became instinct; write your closing remark on the scientific DNA of Neanderthal conducted by Mathias Krings.

Q.3. Define the mtDNA and the Y-Chromosomes To answer this question fully read the quote in the opening remark of the chapter. Read about the Pre-historic Period –the Origin of Humanity on pages 70-74. Write your closing remark on Stephen Oppenheimer’s observations of modern man.

Q. 4. Discuss the monogenetic theory and the multiregional hypothesis. To answer this question fully read pages 72-75 carefully and discuss briefly why some anthropologists, like Milford Wolpoff and Charles Dawson tried to falsified scientific evidence and deny the existence of one single human race. Write your closing remark about the origin of our humanity.

Q.5. Discuss the concept of “Divine Beginning” as opposed to evolution. Read pages 75-76 and discuss fully the creation of the universe and the living organism. Write your closing remark on the “Divine Beginning” or other legitimate scientific inquiry on the question of creation/evolution.

Objective Africa is the only continent where Homo sapiens came out to populate the globe; because of this Africa is considered as the "Cradle of Humanity." Student's will study and understand themono genetic nature of humanity--there is only one human race.