CNYU PHIL110 TEST 3 graded answers all correct

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What is the form of the following argument? (For help on this question, see p. 103 in your text.)

“Archie doesn’t eat chicken, for he is a vegan, and if he is a vegan, then he doesn’t eat chicken.”

Answers: A.

contraposition

B.

Modus ponens

C.

Modus tollens

D.

disjunctive syllogism

• Question 2

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Is the following proposition (A) a conditional, (B) a biconditional, or (C) a simple proposition?

"If it is rude to use the cell phone during dinner, then it is also rude to use it at the library."

Answers: A.

biconditional

B.

simple proposition

C.

conditional

• Question 3

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Given that A is true, B is false, and C is undetermined (either true or false, but we don’t know which), what is the truth value of the following proposition?

Answers: A.

False

B.

True

C.

Not determinable

• Question 4

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Select the correct formula for the following proposition, where C = Canada is in North America, I = Italy is in Europe, J = Japan is in Asia, and N =Nigeria is in Africa.

"Japan is not in Asia and Canada is not in North America."

Answers: A.

B.

C.

• Question 5

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Select the correct formula for the following proposition, where C = Canada is in North America, I = Italy is in Europe, J = Japan is in Asia, and N =Nigeria is in Africa.

"Italy is not in Europe unless Canada is in North America."

Answers: A.

B.

C.

• Question 6

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Identify the main truth-functional connective in the following proposition:

Answers: A.

conjunction

B.

conditional

C.

disjunction

D.

negation

• Question 7

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Is the following proposition (A) a negation, (B) a conjunction, (C) a disjunction, or (D) a simple proposition?

"Either Los Angeles’s air pollution has reached dangerous levels or Oregon’s has."

Answers: A.

simple proposition

B.

negation

C.

conjunction

D.

disjunction

• Question 8

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Is the following proposition (A) a conditional, (B) a biconditional, or (C) a simple proposition?

"Military expenditures are justifiable if and only if they make our country secure in the face of foreign threats."

Answers: A.

conditional

B.

biconditional

C.

simple proposition

• Question 9

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What is the form of the following argument? (For help on this question, see p. 103 in your text.)

“If offenses against the innocent are punished, then we have a fair system of justice. If we have a fair system of justice, then the guilty are treated as they deserve. So if offenses against the innocent are punished, then the guilty are treated as they deserve.”

Answers: A.

Contraposition

B.

Hypothetical syllogism

C.

Modus tollens

D.

Modus ponens

• Question 10

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What is the correct symbolic representation of the following argument? “Manitoba has tourism or a large business community. If Manitoba has tourism, it has a hotel industry, but if it has a large business community, it also has a hotel industry. Thus, Manitoba has a hotel industry just in case it has both tourism and a large business community.”

Answers: A.

M v L, (M ? I) ? (L ? I) .·. I ? ( M ? L)

B.

M, M ? I ? L ? I .·. I ? ( M ? L)

C.

M v L, M ? I, L ? I .·. M ? L

D.

None of the above

• Question 11

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Consider J ? L, ~L .·. ~J. How many rows must the truth table for this argument have?

Answers: A.

two rows

B.

four rows

C.

eight rows

D.

twelve rows

• Question 12

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What is the form of the following argument? (For help on this question, see p. 103 in your text.)

“If a flower is an orchid, then it is costly. Therefore, if a flower is not costly, then is not an orchid.”

Answers: A.

Contraposition

B.

Modus ponens

C.

Modus tollens

D.

Hypothetical syllogism

• Question 13

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Identify the main truth-functional connective in the following proposition:

Answers: negation

disjunction

conditional

biconditional

• Question 14

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What is the form of the following argument? (For help on this question, see p. 103 in your text.)

"If the defendant’s car was used in the robbery, then the car was at the scene of the crime. But it was not at the scene of the crime. Thus, the defendant’s car was not used in the robbery.”

Answers: A.

Modus tollens

B.

Disjunctive syllogism

C.

Hypothetical syllogism

D.

Modus ponens

• Question 15

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Is the following proposition (A) a conditional, (B) a biconditional, or (C) a simple proposition?

"If we make a heroic effort, joining forces to change our life style, the ecosystem will survive."

Answers: A.

biconditional

B.

conditional

C.

simple proposition

• Question 16

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What is the form of the following argument? (For help on this question, see p. 103 in your text.)

“If these snakes are cobras, then they’re poisonous. These snakes are definitely cobras. Therefore, they are poisonous.”

Answers: A.

Modus ponens

B.

Contraposition

C.

Modus tollens

D.

Hypothetical syllogism

• Question 17

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What is the correct symbolic representation of the following argument? “Canines are mammals only if both deer and elephants are too. Either deer or elephants are mammals.. Therefore, canines are mammals.”

Answers: A.

C ? (D ? E), D v E .·. C

B.

C ? (D v E), D ? E .·. C

C.

C ? (D ? E), D v E .·. C

D.

C ? D ? E, D ? E .·. C

• Question 18

s

Identify the main truth-functional connective in the following proposition:

Answers: A.

conjunction

B.

conditional

C.

disjunction

D.

negation

• Question 19

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Select the correct formula for the following proposition, where C = Canada is in North America, I = Italy is in Europe, J = Japan is in Asia, and N =Nigeria is in Africa.

"If Italy is in Europe, Japan is not in Asia."

Answers: A.

B.

C.

• Question 20

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Is the following proposition (A) a negation, (B) a conjunction, (C) a disjunction, or (D) a simple proposition?

"It is false that parts of Saturn were once soaked by water."

Answers: A.

simple proposition

B.

conjunction

C.

negation

D.

disjunction

• Question 21

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Select the correct formula for the following proposition, where C = Canada is in North America, I = Italy is in Europe, J = Japan is in Asia, and N =Nigeria is in Africa.

"That Nigeria is in Africa implies both that Japan is in Asia and that Italy is in Europe."

Answers: A.

B.

C.

• Question 22

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Is the following proposition (A) a negation, (B) a conjunction, (C) a disjunction, or (D) a simple proposition?

"It is not the case that there is life after death."

Answers: A.

disjunction

B.

simple proposition

C.

negation

D.

conjunction

• Question 23

s

Identify the main truth-functional connective in the following proposition:

Answers: A.

biconditional

B.

conjunction

C.

negation

D.

conditional

• Question 24

s

Given that A is true, B is false, and C is undetermined (either true or false, but we don’t know which), what is the truth value of the following proposition?

Answers: A.

True

B.

False

C.

not determinable

• Question 25

s

Consider J ? L, ~L .·. ~J. Is this argument valid or invalid? If the argument is valid, how would this be shown in the truth table for it?

Answers: A.

valid; 4th row

B.

invalid; 1st and 2nd rows

C.

valid; the truth table has no rows with all premises T and conclusion F

D.

None of the above

• Question 26

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Under what circumstances are conditional statements false?

Answers: A.

When the antecedent is false and the consequent is true.

B.

When the consequent is true and the antecedent is false.

C.

When the antecedent is false and the consequent is false.

D.

When the antecedent is true and the consequent is false.

• Question 27

s

Given that A is true, B is false, and C is undetermined (either true or false, but we don’t know which), what is the truth value of the following proposition?

Answers: A.

False

B.

True

C.

Not determinable

• Question 28

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Is the following proposition (A) a conditional, (B) a biconditional, or (C) a simple proposition?

"Medicare now authorizes millions in useless medical procedures."

Answers: A.

biconditional

B.

simple proposition

C.

conditional

• Question 29

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What is the form of the following argument? (For help on this question, see p. 103 in your text.)

“If you eat a lot of carrots, then your eyesight improves, since if you eat a lot of carrots, you get plenty of vitamin A, and if you get plenty of vitamin A, then your eyesight improves.”

Answers: A.

Modus ponens

B.

Hypothetical syllogism

C.

Modus tollens

D.

disjunctive syllogism

• Question 30

s

Is the following proposition (A) a negation, (B) a conjunction, (C) a disjunction, or (D) a simple proposition?

"Snoop Dogg was acquitted of murder charges but was charged with drug possession."

Answers: A.

conjunction

B.

disjunction

C.

negation

D.

simple proposition

• Question 31

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What is the correct symbolic representation of this argument? “Arms dealers operate in America or Eastern Europe. If they care about making profit, they operate in America; and if they care about making profit, they operate in Eastern Europe too. Thus, arms dealers care about making profit if and only if they operate in both America and Eastern Europe.”

Answers: A.

A v E, (M ? A) ? (M ? E) .·. M ? (A v E)

B.

A v E, (M ? A) ? (M ? E) .·. M ? (A ? E)

C.

A v E, M ? A ? M ? E .·. M ? A ? E

D.

None of the above

• Question 32

s

The correct symbolic representation of “Al Pacino is not signing a film contract with a Hollywood company. For Al Pacino is signing a film contract with a Hollywood company provided he doesn’t resent living in LA. But Al Pacino resents living in LA” is

Answers: A.

A ? F, ~A .·. F

B.

~ A ? F, A .·. ~ F

C.

A ? F, F .·. F

D.

None of the above

• Question 33

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Select the correct formula for the following proposition, where C = Canada is in North America, I = Italy is in Europe, J = Japan is in Asia, and N = Nigeria is in Africa.

"If Italy is in Europe, then neither Japan is in Asia nor Canada is in North America."

Answers: A.

B.

C.

• Question 34

s

Identify the main truth-functional connective in the following proposition:

Answers: A.

conjunction

B.

negation

C.

disjunction

D.

biconditional

• Question 35

s

Given that A is true, B is false, and C is undetermined (either true or false, but we don’t know which), what is the truth value of the following proposition?

Answers: A.

Not determinable

B.

True

C.

False

• Question 36

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What is the correct symbolic representation of this argument? “If Dr. Landerberg is a popular professor, then he cares about his students. But he cares about his students if and only if both he empathizes with their problems and delivers good lectures. Thus, either Dr. Landerberg cares about his students or both he empathizes with their problems and delivers good lectures.”

Answers: A.

L ? C, C ? (E ? D) .·. (C v E) ? D

B.

(L C) v (E ? I) .·. C v (E ? L)

C.

L ? C, C ? (E ? D) .·. C v (E ? D)

D.

L ? C .·. C v (E ? L)

• Question 37

s

Is the following proposition (A) a conditional, (B) a biconditional, or (C) a simple proposition?

"We’ll solve the housing problem for immigrants if and only if we solve it for ourselves. "

Answers: A.

conditional

B.

simple proposition

C.

biconditional

• Question 38

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What is the correct symbolic representation of this argument? “If Elaine lives in a mansion, then she either got it as a heritage or she acquired it herself. It is not true that she both got it as a heritage and she acquired it herself. Therefore, she doesn’t live in a mansion.”

Answers: A.

E ? H v A, ~H, ~ A .·. ~ E

B.

E ? H v A, ~ H ? A .·. ~ E

C.

E ? (H v A), ~ ( H ? A) .·. ~ E

D.

None of the above

• Question 39

s

Select the correct formula for the following proposition, where C = Canada is in North America, I = Italy is in Europe, J = Japan is in Asia, and N = Nigeria is in Africa.

"Japan is in Asia provided that Nigeria is in Africa."

Answers: A.

B.

C.

• Question 40

s

Given that A is true, B is false, and C is undetermined (either true or false, but we don’t know which), what is the truth value of the following proposition?

Answers: A.

Not determinable

B.

False

C.

True

• Question 41

s

Identify the main truth-functional connective in the following proposition:

Answers: A.

conjunction

B.

disjunction

C.

negation

D.

biconditional

• Question 42

s

Consider “O ? M, M ? E .·. O ? E”. How many rows must the truth table for determining the validity of this formula have?

Answers: A.

4 rows

B.

8 rows

C.

2 rows

D.

16 rows

• Question 43

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“If the political prisoners have ended their hunger strike, then either their captors have agreed to their demands or the prisoners are permitted to have visitors in jail. So if it is not the case either that their captors have agreed to their demands or that the prisoners are permitted to have visitors in jail, then they have not ended their hunger strike.” This is a valid argument. What is its form?

Answers: A.

contraposition

B.

modus ponens

C.

hypothetical syllogism

D.

modus tollens

• Question 44

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Is the following proposition (A) a negation, (B) a conjunction, (C) a disjunction, or (D) a simple proposition?

"Southwest Airlines, a no-frills carrier, charges fares that are affordable."

Answers: A.

simple proposition

B.

negation

C.

conjunction

D.

disjunction

• Question 45

s

What is the form of the following argument? (For help on this question, see p. 103 in your text.)

“Our planet is not special, for either Earth is the center of the universe or our planet is not special. And Earth is not the center of the universe.”

Answers: A.

Hypothetical syllogism

B.

Contraposition

C.

Disjunctive syllogism

D.

Modus ponens

• Question 46

s

Identify the main truth-functional connective in the following proposition:

:

negation

conjunction

conditional

disjunction

• Question 47

s

Is the following proposition (A) a conditional, (B) a biconditional, or (C) a simple proposition?

"With a healthy diet, exercise, and lower weight, the brain is exposed to less insulin."

Answers: A.

biconditional

B.

simple proposition

C.

conditional

• Question 48

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What is the form of the following argument? (For help on this question, see p. 103 in your text.)

“Either doctors favor the new health program or the uninsured suffer. But doctors do not favor the new health program. Hence the uninsured suffer.”

Answers: A.

Modus ponens

B.

Contraposition

C.

Modus tollens

D.

Disjunctive syllogism

• Question 49

s

Symbolize the following proposition. Let J = "Jupiter is a moon" and P = "Jupiter orbits a planet"

"If Jupiter is not a moon, then it is not the case that it orbits a planet."

Answers: A.

B.

C.

• Question 50

s

Is the following proposition (A) a negation, (B) a conjunction, (C) a disjunction, or (D) a simple proposition?

"Unless we can control the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, we’ll face a danger of potential climate change 50 years from now."

Answers: A.

disjunction

B.

conjunction

C.

simple proposition

D.

negation