BIO 103 Lab 5: Meiosis, Lab 6: Taxonomy, Lab 7: Ecological Interactions

BIO 103 Lab 5: Meiosis, Lab 6: Taxonomy, Lab 7: Ecological Interactions

Lab 5: Meiosis

· On your own and without assistance, complete thisLab 5 Answer Form electronically and submit it via theAssignments Folder by the date listed on yourCourse Schedule (underSyllabus).

· To conduct your laboratory exercises, use the Laboratory Manual that is available in the WebTycho classroom (Reserved Reading or provided by your instructor) or at the eScience Labs Student Portal. Laboratory exercises on your CD may not be updated.

· Save yourLab5AnswerForm in the following format: LastName_Lab5 (e.g., Smith_Lab5).

· You should submit your document in a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) for best compatibility.

Experiment 1: Following chromosomal DNA movement

Prophase I— see other attached page

Metaphase I— see other attached page

Anaphase I— see other attached page

Telophase I— see other attached page

Meiosis II

Prophase II— see other attached page

Metaphase II— see other attached page

Anaphase II— see other attached page

Telophase II— see other attached page

Questions

1. What is the state of the DNA at the end of meiosis I? What about at the end of meiosis II?

2. Why are chromosomes important?

3. How are Meiosis I and Meiosis II different?

4. Name two ways meiosis contributes to genetic recombination.

5. Why do you use non-sister chromatids to demonstrate crossing over?

6. How many chromosomes were present when Meiosis I started?

7. Why is it necessary to reduce the chromosome number of gametes, but not other cells of an

8. If humans have 46 chromosomes in each of their body cells, determine how many chromosomes you would expect to find in the following:

9. Investigate a disease that is caused by chromosomal mutations. When does the mutation occur? What chromosome is affected? What are the consequences?

Lab 6: Taxonomy

· On your own and without assistance, complete thisLab 6 Answer Form electronically and submit it via theAssignments Folder by the date listed on yourCourse Schedule (underSyllabus).

· To conduct your laboratory exercises, use the Laboratory Manual that is available in the WebTycho classroom (Reserved Reading or provided by your instructor) or at the eScience Labs Student Portal. Laboratory exercises on your CD may not be updated.

· Save yourLab6AnswerForm in the following format: LastName_Lab6 (e.g., Smith_Lab6).

· You should submit your document in a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) for best compatibility.

1. Did you find that the items grouped together as you worked down the flow chart had similar characteristics in terms of their appearance? What about function?

2. Do you feel that the questions asked were appropriate? What questions would you have asked? What objects would be grouped together with your system?

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3. Pick 10 household items (e.g. spoon, book, paper clip, etc.) and design a taxonomic classification system to categorize them, similar to the one in Figure 2.

4. Can you devise a different classification system for the objects used in this experiment that would distinguish each in as many, or fewer steps?

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Table 2: Key Characteristics of Some Organisms

Organism	Kingdom	Defined Nucleus	Mobile	Cell Wall	Photosynthesis	Unicellular
E. coli	Bacteria
Protozoa	Protist
Mushroom	Fungi
Sunflower	Plant
Bear	Animal

Questions

1. Did this series of questions correctly organize each organism? Why or why not?

2. What additional questions would you ask to further categorize the items within the kingdoms (hint: think about other organisms in the kingdom and what makes them different than the examples used here)?

3. Do you feel that the questions asked were appropriate? What questions would you have asked?

Your Full Name:

Biology 102/103

Lab 7:Ecological Interactions

· Answer Sheet electronically and submit it via theAssignments Folder by the date listed in theCourse Schedule (underSyllabus).

· To conduct your laboratory exercises, use the Laboratory Manual located under Course Content. Read the introduction and the directions for each exercise/experiment carefully before completing the exercises/experiments and answering the questions.

· Save your Lab 7Answer Sheet in the following format: LastName_Lab7 (e.g., Smith_Lab7).

· You should submit your document as a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) file for best compatibility.

Pre-Lab Questions

1. Would you expect endangered species to be more frequently generalists or specialists? Explain your answer.

2. How does temperature affect water availability in an ecosystem?

3. Choose a species and describe some adaptations that species developed that allow them to survive in their native habitat.

Experiment 1: Effects of pH on Radish Seed Germination

Data Tables and Post-Lab Assessment

Table 1: pH and Radish Seed Germination

Stage/Day Observations	Acetic Acid	Sodium Bicarbonate	Water
Initial pH	4	8	5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7			Post-Lab Questions

1. Compare and construct a line graph based on the data from Table 1 in the space below. Place the day on the x axis, and the number of seeds germinated on the y axis. Be sure to include a title, label the x and y axes, and provide a legend describing which line corresponds to each plate (e.g., blue = acetic acid, green = sodium bicarbonate, etc…).

2. Was there any noticeable effect on the germination rate of the radish seeds as a result of the pH? Compare and contrast the growth rate for the control with the alkaline and acidic solutions.

3. According to your results would you say that the radish has a broad pH tolerance? Why or why not? Use your data to support your answer.

4. Knowing that acid rain has a pH of 2 - 3 would you conclude that crop species with a narrow soil pH range are in trouble? Explain why, or why not, using scientific reasoning. Is acid rain a problem for plant species and crops?

5. Research and briefly describe a real world example about how acid rain affect plants. Be sure to demonstrate how pH contributes to the outcome, and proposed solutions (if any). Descriptions should be approximately 2 - 3 paragraphs. Include at least three citations (use APA formatting).

Additional Information

Learning Objectives · Define ecology as interactions amongst organisms and their environment · Analyze the effects of abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem · Assess how generalists and specialists define habit tolerance Introduction Figure 1: Note the relationship between an organism, populations, communities and ecosystems. Ecology is the scientific study of both the interactions among organisms and the interactions between organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that blends Earth science, evolutionary biology and general biology. Ecology explores the adaptations of organisms, the distribution of organisms and biodiversity. Abiotic and Biotic Factors E Figure 2: Creatures have learned to thrive in a variety of extreme environments, such as the desert climate pictured above. Organisms have adapted and evolved anatomical, physiological, and behavioral characteristics that compensate for variation within the environment. The blending of ecology and evolutionary biology is probably most evident when examining organismal ecology. In this way, the environment shapes the organisms. Habitat Tolerance Figure 3: Dandelion (Taraxicum officionale)- species like the dandelion are very common and show no aspects of rarity making them very common handling a broad range of tolerances.