Ashford PHI103 2019 May Week 2 Quiz Latest

PHI103 Informal Logic

Week 2 Quiz

Question 1 Inductive arguments aim for this type of connection between their premises and conclusions.

  A true connection

  A probable connection

  A methodological connection

  An absolute connection

 

Question 2  If an argument form is valid, which of the following must be true?

  all of its instances are valid.

  all of its instances are sound.

  some of its instances may be invalid.

  argument forms can’t be valid

  the argument form is propositional

 

Question 3 The counterexample method shows that an argument is invalid by _______

  proving the truth of the conclusion from the premises

  proving that the conclusion is false

  proving that a premise is false

  finding an argument of the same form with true premises and a false conclusion

 

Question 4 Which of the following is true of the distinction between induction and deduction?

  Inductive reasoning means going from the specific to the general; while deductive reasoning is the reverse.

  Inductive reasoning means going from the general to the specific, while deductive reasoning is the reverse.

  Some forms of inductive reasoning go from the specific to the general, while others go from the general to the specific.

  Deductive reasoning never has a general conclusion.

 

Question 5 In logic, which of the following is NOT true of all deductive arguments?

  they reason from general to particular

  they can be valid or invalid

  if they are valid, it is impossible to have true premises and a false conclusion

  if they are invalid, it is possible to have true premises and a false conclusion

  none of these

 

Question 6 Which of the following is a valid argument?

  “All dogs are mammals. All cats are mammals. Therefore, all cats are dogs.”

  “All dogs are mammals. Rover is a dog. Therefore, Rover is a mammal.”

  “All dogs are mammals. Rover is a dog. So Rover has fur.”

  None of these

 

 

Question 7  “She is an adult female human. Therefore, she is a woman.” This argument is __________.

  a mathematical argument

  an inductive argument

  a categorical argument

  an argument by definition

 

Question 8 One way to make an inductive argument weaker is to __________.

  strengthen the conclusion

  eliminate the conclusion

  make the argument valid

  strengthen a premise

 

Question 9 Which of the following is NOT one of the correct descriptions of what it means for an argument to valid?

  if all of the premises are true then the conclusion cannot be false

  the reasoning is correct and all of the premises are in fact true

  that it is logically impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false

  the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion

 

Question 10 Inductive arguments should not be characterized as __________.

  weak

  very weak

  valid

  strong

 

Question 11 What type of inductive argument is the following example?

 

“Every cat I’ve tested hates citrus. Therefore, all cats hate citrus.”

You Answered

  Argument from analogy

  Inductive generalization

  Statistical syllogism

  Inference to the best explanation

 

 

Question 12 Which of the following statements is likely to have the strongest inductive evidence?

  Your teacher will eat an egg for breakfast tomorrow.

  The Colts will win the Super Bowl next year.

  There will be nuclear war next month.

  The earth will continue to orbit the sun over the next five days.

 

Question 13  “All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore Socrates is mortal” is what type of argument?

  inductive

  deductive

  argument from definition

  invalid

 

Question 14 Consider the following argument.

 

            I studied for the test.

            Therefore, I will pass the class.

 

Which of the following additional premises would most make this argument stronger?

  I have gotten good grades on all of the tests and papers so far in the class

  I feel really confident

  The teacher is a nice guy

  If I don’t pass I will complain to the administration

 

Question 15 One way to make an inductive argument stronger is to __________.

  ignore the argument

  offer more reasons to support the conclusion

  call the argument something in Latin

  make it valid

 

Question 16 In logic, arguments are best described as __________.

  requiring someone to win and someone to lose

  providing reasons for a conclusion

  a dispute involving anger

  a debate over something no one believes

  none of these

 

Question 17 In the “What is a ‘Strong’ Argument?” video, what is the line at which we call an argument logically strong?

  There is no strict line at which inductive arguments become strong; it is a matter of context.

  It is strong if it confers a 90% likelihood on its conclusion.

  It is only truly strong if the conclusion is absolutely certain.

  It has all true premises and the conclusion is likely.

 

Question 18 Which of the following is not one of the things that can weaken an appeal to authority?

  The person is not truly an authority on the topic.

  The person has a motive to be dishonest in the context.

  One is not interpreting the authority correctly.

  The authority’s view does not agree with what one expected.

 

Question 19 What type of inductive argument is the following example?

 “Both times I’ve bet on the Celtics they’ve lost. So, they are a bad team to bet on.”

  Argument from analogy

  Inductive generalization

  Statistical syllogism

  Inference to the best explanation

 

 

Question 20 What type of inductive argument is the following example?

“Almost all philosophers like logic. Mike is a philosopher, so he probably likes logic.”

  Argument from analogy

  Inductive generalization

  Statistical syllogism

  Inference to the best explanation