APU PSYC300 2019 January All Quizzes Latest

 

PSYC300 Research Methods in Psychology

Week 1 Quiz Chapter 1

Question 1

Some people are surprised to learn that psychology is a

  A.  subject of study.

  B.  body of existing information.

    C.  science.

  D.  consideration of the broader research community.

Question 2

The general scientific approach has three fundamental features. The first feature is

  A.  empirical questioning.

  B.  research question development.

    C.  systematic empiricism.

  D.  hypothesis development.

Question 3

______ is an essential feature of science.

    A.  Collaboration

  B.  Problem solving

  C.  Questions which lead to data collection which leads to interpretations

  D.  Steps that should be followed in order

Question 4

_______ refers to activities and beliefs that are claimed to be scientific by their proponents.

  A.  Science

    B.  Pseudoscience

  C.  Interpretation

  D.  Insight

Question 5

Rebirthing therapy, is an example of

  A.  infantilism.

  B.  past-life regression.

  C.  gender-bending.

    D.  pseudoscientific psychotherapies.

Question 6

Empiricism

  A.  refers to the groups for the course of the project and take notes about their social interactions and dialogues.

  B.  refers to unit test scores of those who were placed in cooperative groups and those who were not.

  C.  refers to focus groups with college students about the types of cooperative learning they have encountered in their schooling.

    D.  refers to learning based on observation.

Question 7

Scientific claims must be

    A.  falsifiable.

  B.  tested.

  C.  products of experimentation.

  D.  true.

Question 8

The third feature of science is that it creates

  A.  empirical questions.

    B.  public knowledge.

  C.  positivism.

  D.  postpositivism.

Question 9

______ allows science to be self-correcting.

  A.  Scientific knowledge

  B.  Publicly-funded research

    C.  Publication

  D.  Statistical tests

Question 10

______ the idea that pyramids in general have healing and other special powers.

  A.  Cryptozoology

    B.  Pyramidology

  C.  Psychic powers

  D.  Pseudoscience

 

PSYC300 Research Methods in Psychology

Week 2 Quiz Chapter 2

Question 1

______ a quality, such as chosen major, and is typically measured by assigning a category label to each individual.

    A.  A categorical variable is

  B.  A quantitative variable

  C.  A variable

  D.  A random sampling

Question 2

_____ is a sample which consists of individuals who happen to be nearby and willing to participate.

 

    A.  A convenience sampling

  B.  A true sample

  C.  A random sampling

  D.  A simple sampling

Question 3

There is a _________ between two variables when the average score on one differs

systematically across the levels of the other

  A.  statistical relationship

    B.  differences between groups

  C.  operational definition

  D.  correlation

 

 

Question 4

Good research must begin with a good ________.

 

    A.  research question

  B.  sample

  C.  population sample

  D.  group of participants

Question 5 of 10 0.0/ 3.0 Points

An important criterion for evaluating research questions is ______.

  A.  prior knowledge

  B.  statistical data

  C.  feasibility

    D.  previous research

Question 6 of 10 0.0/ 3.0 Points

It is important to evaluate how ______ a research question is before designing a study.

    A.  feasible

  B.  true

  C.  interesting

  D.  likely

Question 7

_______ describe one or more new empirical studies conducted by the authors.

  A.  Review articles

  B.  professional journals

    C.  empirical research reports

  D.  theoretical articles.

Question 8 of 10 0.0/ 3.0 Points

Research questions in psychology are about _____.

    A.  relationships.

  B.  variables.

  C.  means.

  D.  correlation.

Question 9

______ does not imply ______.

  A.  Pearson’s r, statistical relationship

    B.  correlation, causation

  C.  it does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information.

  D.  independent variable, dependent variable

Question 10

A _______ is one in which higher scores on one variable tend to be associated with lower scores on the other.

  A.  scatterplot

  B.  positive relationship

    C.  negative relationship

  D.  Pearson’s r

 

PSYC300 Research Methods in Psychology

Midterm Exam - Week 4

Question 1

Professor Adams is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. One question asks students to report whether they are currently living in an "urban", "suburban", or "rural" setting. This is an example of a/an:

    A.  nominal scale

  B.  ordinal scale

  C.  interval scale

  D.  ration scale

Question 2

Which of the following represents a null hypothesis?

 A.  Class A high school basketball teams who employ a sports psychologist will have a higher proportion of wins over the course of the season than comparable teams who do not employ a sports psychologist.  

  B.  There will be no difference in rate of skill improvement between college gymnasts who practice meditation and those who do not. 

    C.  Does incorporating relaxation exercises into the daily practice routine of college vocal majors enhance their performance confidence? 

  D.  None of the above

Question 3

Which of the following represents a research hypothesis?

   A.  Class A high school basketball teams who employ a sports psychologist will have a higher proportion of wins over the course of the season than comparable teams who do not employ a sports psychologist.  

  B.  There will be no difference in rate of skill improvement between college gymnasts who practice meditation and those who do not. 

  C.  Does incorporating relaxation exercises into the daily practice routine of college vocal majors enhance their performance confidence? 

  D.  None of the above

Question 4

In a _______, each participant is tested under all conditions.

  A.  carryover effect

  B.  practice effect

    C.  within-subjects experiment

  D.  fatigue effect

Question 5

The ______ of psychology—the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems—is one important application of the scientific discipline of psychology.

    A.  clinical practice

  B.  treatment field

  C.  addiction field

  D.  mental health field

Question 6

________ is written by a single author or a small group of authors and usually gives a coherent presentation of a topic much like an extended review article. Edited volumes have an editor or a small group of editors who recruit many authors to write separate chapters on different aspects of the same topic.

    A.  A professional journal

  B.  A scholarly book

  C.  A monograph

  D.  An edited volume

Question 7

When considering general criteria for high-quality research projects, replicability refers to the fact that:

  A.  the research design allows the researcher to control those factors that are central to the success of the project. 

    B.  another researcher, using the same procedures under the same circumstances to research the same question, would obtain comparable results. 

  C.  a well-designed research project could be carried out by a specific individual conducting research in the same field. 

  D.  the phenomena of interest must be quantified in some systematic way. 

Question 8

Charlotte, an anthropologist, has been living in an Incan village for three years. During that time Charlotte has become expert in Incan weaving by observing and imitating the master weavers in the community. For Charlotte, observing weaving constitutes:

 

  A.  primary data

  B.  secondary data

    C.  informal data

  D.  nonempirical data

Question 9

Charlotte wrote a book about her experience as an anthropologist living in an Incan village for three years and becoming an expert weaver. Her book was widely read by other anthropologists, including Mira, who is an expert in Navaho weaving. For Mira, Charlotte’s book constitutes:

  A.  hearsay data

  B.  secondary data

  C.  informal data

    D.  primary data

Question 10

Sean, a high school wrestler, has agreed to participate in a study of cardiovascular conditioning. He is left somewhat confused when, at the first research session, he is asked to complete a questionnaire about commonly purchased grocery items. Sean’s confusion indicates a lack of ______ regarding the task.

  A.  construct validity

    B.  content validity

  C.  criterion validity

  D.  face validity

Question 11

A researcher decides to use a high school sample to test the relationship between her new measure of empathy and a well-established measure of interpersonal sensitivity. She finds that the two instruments are highly related, which supports the ______ of the new instrument.

  A.  predictive validity

  B.  content validity

  C.  criterion validity

    D.  face validity

 

Question 12

A researcher designed a new questionnaire to measure political conservatism. To test out his new instrument, he asks people leaving their polling place on election day to report their degree of political conservatism on a scale of 1 (low) to 10 (high) and then complete his questionnaire. Results show that people who identified themselves as political conservatives also had the highest scores on his questionnaire. This is an indication of the ______ of the new instrument.

  A.  criterion validity

  B.  content validity

    C.  face validity

  D.  predictive validity

Question 13

Don and Jane are studying aggression among preschool children. Separately, they each watch a videotape of four children interacting in a playroom and then rate each child on the level of aggression displayed during the play session. They compare their completed ratings and are pleased to note they are highly similar. This is an example of ______ reliability.

  A.  interrater

    B.  internal consistency

  C.  equivalent form

  D.  test-retest

Question 14

Dr. Stevens is testing a 10-question measure of achievement motivation. He notes that if his respondents agree with the first question, they tend to also agree with the other nine. Likewise, if his respondents disagree with the first question, they tend of disagree with the other nine. This is an indication of good ______ reliability.

  A.  interrater

    B.  internal consistency

  C.  equivalent form

  D.  test-retest

Question 15

Professor Page is studying civic-mindedness among senior citizens. She administers a survey of civic mindedness to a senior citizens group in early April, then again in early May. By comparing the two sets of scores, the professor can assess the ______ reliability of her measure of civic-mindedness.

    A.  interrater

  B.  internal consistency

  C.  equivalent form

  D.  test-retest

Question 16

Dr. Davenport wants to conduct a study of whether high school students learn more efficiently while seated at a desk compared to in an easy chair. She knows there is a large research literature regarding similar influences on learning, and she wants to see if the findings hold true with a group of high school history students. Moreover, as a researcher she is uneasy with a lack of structure. You recommend that Dr. Davenport conduct a ______ study.

    A.  quantitative

  B.  qualitative

Question 17

Dr. Greenhill wants to know how it is that some early adolescents come to make a connection between their personal lifestyle and environmental problems, while others don’t. Furthermore, among those who see the connection, why do some become committed to environmentalism while others do not? Dr. Greenwald looks forward to probing the thoughts of young teens on these issues and trying to see the questions and issues through “14-year-old eyes.” You recommend that Dr. Greenhill conduct a ______ study.

    A.  quantitative

  B.  qualitative

Question 18

Scientific research is relevant to _______ because it provides detailed and accurate knowledge about psychological problems and establishes whether treatments are effective.

  A.  psychology

  B.  addiction

    C.  clinical practice

  D.  professors

Question 19

______ in psychology is conducted primarily for the sake of achieving a more detailed and accurate understanding of human behavior, without necessarily trying to address any particular practical problem.

    A.  Statistical research

  B.  Qualitative research

  C.  Basic research

  D.  Applied research

Question 20

In ______ research proposal(s), specific hypotheses regarding findings are often stated.

    A.  both quantitative and qualitative

  B.  neither quantitative and qualitative

  C.  a quantitative

  D.  a qualitative

 

Question 21

Describe three benefits of conducting a thorough review of existing literature before writing a research proposal.

Question 22

Concepts, ideas, opinions, feelings, and other intangible entities are often labeled as “insubstantial phenomena.” Select one of the following 3 phenomena that would be considered insubstantial, and explain two different ways — one qualitative and one quantitative — that you might measure it: a) the closeness of undergraduates’ social network friends; b) the “campus climate” at your university; c) “irrational exuberance” about the stock market.

Question 23

In regard to quantitative research proposals, novice researchers often find it very challenging and tedious to explain in detail how the data will be analyzed and interpreted in their study. Explain why it is essential that the researcher not cut corners in this section of the proposal

 

Question 24

Graduate professors like to insist that the completion of thesis or dissertation research is not merely an “academic exercise” or final hurdle to obtaining the desired degree. Explain at least two personal benefits that the individual derives from completing a high- quality thesis or dissertation. Then explain at least two societal benefits that follow from the individual’s completion of a high-quality thesis or dissertation.

 

 

PSYC300 Research Methods in Psychology

Week 5 Quiz Chapters 4 and 9

Question 1

Scientists distinguish between ______, which are their systematic observations, and theories, which are their explanations or interpretations of phenomena.

  A.  explanations

  B.  phenomena

  C.  interpretations

    D.  scientific theories

 

Question 2

Researchers generally consider multiple ______ for any set of phenomena.

  A.  questions

  B.  theories

    C.  reasons

  D.  hypotheses

 

Question 3

______ which specify a series of stages that people pass through as they develop or adapt to their environment.

  A.  Theoretical approach

  B.  Functional theories

  C.  Mechanistic theories

    D.  Stage theories,

 

 

Question 4

Psychologists use the _________ method.

    A.  scientific

  B.  research

  C.  pass-fail

  D.  hypothetico-deductive

 

Question 5

There are ___ distinct criteria by which researchers evaluate their measures.

    A.  two

  B.  four

  C.  six

  D.  eight

 

 

Question 6

Among survey methods, ________ generally generate the highest response rate.

  A.  telephone interviews

    B.  face-to-face interviews

  C.  interviews using video-conferencing

  D.  online surveys

 

 

Question 7

Survey research usually involves _____ sampling, in which each member of the population has a known probability of being selected for the sample.

  A.  cross-sectional

    B.  population

  C.  probability

  D.  nested

 

Question 8

______ occurs when a sample is selected in such a way that it is not representative of the population and therefore produces inaccurate results.

  A.  Static-group bias

    B.  Sampling bias

  C.  Post-test bias

  D.  Experimental bias

 

Question 9

______ items are either open-ended or closed-ended.

  A.  Data analysis

  B.  Data collection

  C.  Researcher questions

    D.  Survey questionnaire

 

 

Question 10

______ research is a quantitative approach that features the use of self-report measures on carefully selected samples.

    A.  Survey

  B.  Population

  C.  Independent

  D.  Variable

 

 

 

PSYC300 Research Methods in Psychology

Week 7 Quiz Chapters 12 and 13

Question 1

______ refers to a set of techniques for summarizing and displaying data.

  A.  A distribution

  B.  A histogram

  C.  An outlier

    D.  Descriptive statistics

 

 

Question 2

An alternative to the mean is the ______.

  A.  mode

  B.  median

  C.  tendency

    D.  central tendency

 

 

Question 3

The _______ of a distribution is the extent to which the scores vary around their central tendency.

  A.  range

  B.  frequency

  C.  standard deviation

    D.  variability

 

 

Question 4

The location of a score within its distribution can be described using percentile ranks or _____.

  A.  t scores

  B.  central tendency

  C.  standard deviation

    D.  z scores

 

 

Question 5

It is also important to be able to describe the strength of a statistical relationship, which is often referred to as the ______.

  A.  Cohen’s d

  B.  standard deviation

    C.  correlation

  D.  effect size

 

 

Question 6 of 10 0.0/ 3.0 Points

To compare two means, the most common null hypothesis test is the _______.

  A.  Pearson’s r

  B.  factorial ANOVA

    C.  ANOVA

  D.  t test

 

 

Question 7

A ______ is a statistic that is computed only to help find the p value

  A.  t test

  B.  one-sample t test

  C.  critical value

    D.  test statistic

 

 

Question 8 of 10 0.0/ 3.0 Points

Statistical significance is not the same as _____ or ______.

  A.  probability, sampling size

  B.  relationship strength, importance

  C.  probability, outliers

    D.  null hypothesis, statistical relationship

 

 

Question 9

_____ testing is a formal approach to deciding whether a statistical relationship in a sample reflects a real relationship in the population or is just due to chance.

  A.  Population

    B.  Null hypothesis

  C.  Sampling

  D.  Hypothesis

 

 

Question 10

The corresponding values in the population are called ____.

  A.  outliers

  B.  errors

  C.  sampling errors

    D.  parameters

 

 

 

PSYC300 Research Methods in Psychology

Final Exam - Week 8

Question 1

Polly Petunia is Chief Horticulturalist for the Southwest region, encompassing Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. She wants to survey amateur gardeners in her region to determine what, if any, water conservation practices they employ in their home gardening. Polly sends her survey to 150 randomly selected gardeners in each state. Polly is using:

  A.  purposive sampling.

  B.  proportional stratified sampling.

  C.  systematic sampling.

    D.  stratified random sampling.

 

 

Question 2

Danny Drive wants to know the relationship between intrinsic motivation and course grade among math students. He contacts a local professor who teaches several general education math classes and asks about the possibility of gathering data in her classes. Danny is using: 

  A.  simple random sampling.

  B.  cluster sampling.

    C.  convenience sampling.

  D.  systematic sampling.

 

 

Question 3

Statistical hypothesis testing involves testing the:

  A.  research hypothesis

  B.  probability level

  C.  significant level

    D.  null hypothesis

 

 

Question 4

“There will be differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving either cognitive-behavioral or psychoanalytic therapy.”

  A.  dependent variable.

  B.  independent variable.

    C.  confounding variable.

  D.  constant.

 

 

Question 5

“There will be differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving either cognitive-behavioral or psychoanalytic therapy.”

During a test of this hypothesis, it was discovered that some of the participants lived with family members and others lived alone. This variable, living situation, is a/an _____.

 

  A.  independent variable.

    B.  dependent variable.

  C.  constant.

  D.  confounding variable.

 

 

Question 6

Dr. Dow Jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method. Of the six sections of Economics 101 at his university, Dr. Jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method. At the end of the semester, all students complete the same final exam. In this design, students studying under the traditional method constitute the:

  A.  placebo group.

    B.  treatment group.

  C.  sample.

  D.  control group.

 

 

Question 7

Dr. Dow Jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method. Of the six sections of Economics 101 at his university, Dr. Jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method for Unit 1 of the course. Then all sections switch instructional method for Unit 2. He plans to compare the performance of the two groups of sections on their Unit 1 and Unit 2 exams. This study employs a ______ design.

    A.  within subjects (repeated measures)

  B.  quasi-experimental

  C.  true experimental

  D.  ex post facto

 

 

Question 8

Penny Poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: Puppy Pride, the approach she has been using for any years, or Doggie Do-Right, a new approach. Penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study. The dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the Puppy Pride or Doggie Do-Right course. At the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100). In this study, ______ is the independent variable.

  A.  Doggie Do-Right

    B.  type of dog training program

  C.  score on the dog obedient checklist

  D.  obedience training versus no training

 

 

Question 9

Dr. Robbins wants to know if there are different opinions regarding the value of public school education between Native Americans who have at least one relative who attended Indian Boarding School and Native Americans who have no family experience with Indian Boarding School. Dr. Robbins contacts 35 Native American participants in each group. He wants each group to include younger as well as older adults, and a mix of male and female participants. He asks each person to complete a survey about their attitudes toward public education. In this study, _____ is the dependent variable.

    A.  score on the “attitude toward public schools” measure 

  B.  experience with Indian boarding school

  C.  gender of participant

  D.  age of participant

 

 

Question 10

Mixed-methods research is characterized by the use of

 

 

 

  A.  more than one qualitative method

  B.  more than one quantitative method

  C.  quantitative, qualitative, and action research method

    D.  quantitative and qualitative methods

 

 

Question 11

Which of the following is the major advantage of mixed-methods research?

 

 

 

  A.  It provides unlimited opportunities to collect data

  B.  It requires a researcher to possess both qualitative and quantitative research skills

    C.  It incorporates the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative methods

  D.  It prevents contradictions with traditional research

 

 

Question 12

How are inferential statistics different from descriptive statistics?

 

 

 

  A.  Descriptive statistics allow one to draw inferences from the sample to a target population.

  B.  Descriptive statistics verify the accuracy of the inferential statistics.

  C.  Inferential statistics describe the results of a study.

    D.  Inferential statistics allow one to draw inferences from the sample to a target population.

 

 

Question 13

____ are characteristics of samples, whereas _______ are characteristics of populations.

 

 

  A.  Concepts; statistics

  B.  Parameters; statistics            

    C.  Statistics; parameters

  D.  Parameters; estimations

 

 

Question 14

The mean of this set of scores 5, 3, 7, 3, 6, 2, 5, 3 is ________.

  A.  3

  B.  4

    C.  4.25

  D.  4.5

 

 

Question 15

The median of this set of scores 5, 3, 7, 3, 6, 2, 5, 3 is _________.

  A.  2

  B.  3

    C.  4

  D.  4.5

 

 

Question 16

The mode of this set of scores 5, 3, 7, 3, 6, 2, 5, 3  is _________.

    A.  3

  B.  4

  C.  4.22

  D.  4.5

 

 

Question 17

The z-score, or standard score, allows the research to determine:

 

    A.  how far a target individual’s score is from the group mean.

   B.  what percentage of individuals in the sample scored above the target individual.

  C.  the mean for the population based on the mean for the sample.

   D.  what percentage of individuals in the sample scored below the target individual.

 

Question 18

The percentile rank allows the researcher to determine:

 

 

 

  A.  how far a target individual’s score is from the group mean.

  B.  what percentage of individuals in the sample scored above the target individual.

  C.  the mean for the population based on the mean for the sample.

    D.  what percentage of individuals in the sample scored below the target individual.

 

 

Question 19

An exam was given to two sections of the same course. In Section 1, the exam mean was 51 and the standard deviation was 7. In Section 2, the exam mean was 51 and the standard deviation was 13. Which of the following conclusions is accurate?

  A.  Section 1 did better on the exam than Section 2. 

  B.  Section 1 scores were more variable than Section 2. 

    C.  Section 1 scores were less variable than Section 2. 

  D.  Section 1 did less well on the exam than Section 2. 

 

Question 20

Danzell is a purchasing agent for a major grocery store chain. He has noticed over the years that the higher the outdoor temperature, the more likely people are to buy fresh fruit. Based on Danzell’s observations, we would say there is ______ relationship between outdoor temperature and buying of fresh fruit.

    A.  a positive

  B.  a negative

  C.  a causal

  D.  no

 

 

Question 21

How can a “researcher acting as an instrument” in a qualitative study best ensure the trustworthiness of the data analysis and the conclusions?

 

 

 

Question 22

The study of how ideas developed over time is a type of conceptual or psychological historical research. Identify a key concept in your own discipline and describe in detail the types of primary sources you could use to understand its history, explaining what each source might add to the study.

 

 

 

Question 23

A medical researcher is concerned about mistakenly concluding that a new medication is effective when it really is not. What type of error is the researcher concerned about making (Type I or Type II)? Describe what the researcher might do to decrease the likelihood of making that type of error. Discuss ramifications of your suggested approach for other types of error in the study.

 

Question 24

Throughout your textbook the authors return to the importance of interpreting the findings of a research project. Explain why this is an essential element in a high-quality research report.