APU MGMT314 week 1 ,5 and 7 quizes

Question 1 of 40

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______________ were granted by the British government to allow several people to create organizations by pooling financial resources, which enabled riskier business projects to be undertaken.

A.pacts

B.charters

C.constitutions

D.doctrines

E.none of the above

Question 2 of 40

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Settlements in Roanoke, Jamestown and Plymouth were early examples of ________________.

A.business ventures

B.participant democracies

C.uplifting indigineous populations

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 3 of 40

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The ________________, chartered by King James, searched for gold and gems and led trading in furs and spices in the Roanoke Islands.

A.Columbus excursions

B.Jamestown settlements

C.Virginia Company of London

D.American Charters

E.none of the above

Question 4 of 40

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_____________________ were laborers who served their masters for several years in exchange for transportation, food, clothing, lodging, and eventual freedom.

A.slaves

B.settlers

C.indentured servants

D.Pilgrims

E.none of the above

Question 5 of 40

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Among the reasons Pilgrims settled in Massachusetts were desires for:

A.religious freedoms

B.economic opportunities

C.new trade routes

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 6 of 40

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The ________________ in 1773 was a major colonial incident resulting from the East India Company’s monopolistic business practices.

A.Boston Tea Party

B.Plymouth settlement

C.Revolutionary war

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 7 of 40

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The Boston Tea Party was a response to which of the following British policies?

A.monopolistic business practices

B.attempts to limit religious freedoms

C.attempts to limit the rights of indigenous people

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 8 of 40

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Which of the following early leaders was not among the authors of the Declaration of Independence?

A.Thomas Jefferson

B.James Madison

C.Benjamin Franklin

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 9 of 40

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Which of the following rights were not included in the Bill of Rights?

A.right to bear arms

B.freedom of the press

C.freedom from unreasonable search and seizure

D.freedom to rule the colonies

E.freedom of religion

Question 10 of 40

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The fundamental belief on which the Declaration of Independence was founded, grounded in philosophical notions of basic human rights, was ________________.

A.the right to bear arms

B.the right to own property

C.government should be based on the consent of the governed

D.government should pursue happiness

E.none of the above

Question 11 of 40

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_____________, a Scottish philosopher, provided many of the teachings that underlie capitalist systems.

A.James Madison

B.Adam Smith

C.John Locke

D.King George III

E.none of the above

Question 12 of 40

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Fundamental notions behind Adam Smith’s concept of a fair economic system include which of the following?

A.reason and liberty

B.freedom and religious control

C.selfishness and justice

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 13 of 40

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Adam Smith argued that “wealth of nations” resulted from which of the following?

A.freedom and competition

B.economic self-interest

C.capitalist economic systems

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 14 of 40

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According to its definition, capitalism as an economic system is characterized by which of the following?

A.mercantilist policies

B.democratic policies

C.freedom and competition

D.religious freedom

E.selfishness at all costs

Question 15 of 40

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Which of the following were not among the benefits early capitalists associated with a free and competitive market economy?

A.more goods and services

B.lower prices

C.better-quality products

D.greater labor flexibility

E.higher tax revenues

Question 16 of 40

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Adam Smith argued that when self-regulating moral mechanisms fail, ________________ must serve to protect the public from egregious immoral actions.

A.democracy

B.strong justice systems

C.individual sanctions

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 17 of 40

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Prior to capitalism, key management positions were often filled based on which of the following?

A.family connections

B.political connections

C.wealth

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 18 of 40

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Government intervention in the marketplace, Smith reasoned, is needed under only which of the following conditions:

A.when contracts are violated

B.when merchants abuse their freedom by committing injustices against others

C.when the pursuit of self-interest does not generate highly desired social welfare benefits

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 19 of 40

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Smith cautioned that owners who do not rely on moral sentiments when dealing with laborers could result in which of the following problems:

A.an overabundance of labor, which could drive wages below subsistence levels

B.excessive application of piece-rate incentives, which could increase productivity in the short term but damage the worker’s health in the long run

C.excessive application of division of labor, which could increase productivity in the short term but damage the worker’s intellectual abilities in the long term

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 20 of 40

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The period in the early 1800s marked by significant economic growth in the United States was called:

A.the Revolutionary War

B.the Industrial Revolution

C.the Declaration of Independence

D.the birth of capitalism.

E.none of the above

Question 21 of 40

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Ethical behavior models provide which of the following:

A.rationalizations for questionable decision making

B.frameworks for decision making based on rational principles

C.fail-safe solutions to moral dilemmas

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 22 of 40

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Ethical dilemmas typically involve trade-offs based on _______________.

A.right versus wrong

B.competing values and interests

C.moral versus immoral choices

D.correct versus incorrect decisions

E.none of the above

Question 23 of 40

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James Rest’s four-component model is a useful tool for exploring __________________.

A.stages of moral development,

B.ethical decision making

C.moral versus immoral actions

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 24 of 40

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The four-component model indicates that individuals are likely to behave morally if which of the following conditions are present?

A.awareness of an ethical dilemma and formation of a moral judgment

B.development of motivation to address the moral dilemma

C.the individual is a person of high moral character

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 25 of 40

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Which step is missing in the sequence of moral behavior? Ethical belief, _________________, ethical action

A.ethical intent

B.ethical understanding

C.ethical behavior

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 26 of 40

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Individual characteristics that are associated with ethical beliefs, sensitivities, intentions and behaviors include which of the following?

A.more education

B.more work experience

C.religion

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 27 of 40

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A ____________ is a mental state that guides behaviors.

A.opinion

B.belief

C.moral

D.sensitivity

E.none of the above

Question 28 of 40

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Ethical _________________ refers to an individual’s awareness that a particular situation raises ethical concerns.

A.opinion

B.belief

C.moral

D.sensitivity

E.none of the above

Question 29 of 40

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A quick insight independent of any reasoning process of right and wrong is known as:

A.ethical sensitivity

B.ethical judgment

C.ethical intuition

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 30 of 40

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“Gut reactions” that characterize how many ethical decisions are made typically derive from:

A.moral reasoning

B.personal value systems

C.ethical sensitivity

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 31 of 40

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Individuals whose beliefs are consistent with a conservative political persuasion tend to focus on which of the following value sets?

A.ingroup/loyalty

B.authority/respect

C.purity/sanctity

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 32 of 40

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Individuals whose beliefs are consistent with a liberal political persuasion tend to focus on which of the following value sets?

A.ingroup/loyalty

B.fairness/reciprocity

C.authority/respect

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 33 of 40

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According to Ajzen’s theory of __________________, formulating an intention to act ethically is a function of a person’s attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.

A.moral development

B.ethical sensitivity

C.planned behavior

D.moral reasoning

E.none of the above

Question 34 of 40

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________, which is likely to determine the magnitude of a person’s moral approval or disapproval, is dependent on issue-related factors, rather than individual or organizational factors.

A.moral sensitivity

B.moral intention

C.moral intensity

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 35 of 40

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According to theorist Tom Jones, an issue’s moral intensity is likely to vary based on which of the following factors?

A.magnitude of consequences

B.social consensus

C.probability of effect

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 36 of 40

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________________ refers to the degree of social agreement that an act is good or bad.

A.Social norms

B.Social consensus

C.Social pressure

D.Social dilemmas

E.none of the above

Question 37 of 40

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______________ refers to the length of time between an act and the onset of consequences associated with the act.

A.Probability of effect

B.Magnitude of consequences

C.Temporal immediacy

D.Proximity

E.none of the above

Question 38 of 40

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Harmful acts concentrated in a particular area and characterized by ______________, or nearness of an act to its victims and beneficiaries, have high moral intensity.

A.temporal immediacy

B.concentration of effect

C.proximity

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 39 of 40

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Among the organizational characteristics associated with ethical behaviors are which of the following?

A.codes of ethics

B.ethical climate/culture

C.organization size

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 40 of 40

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Ethical ______________ is determining mentally to take some action that is believed to be morally appropriate.

A.behavior

B.intention

C.sensitivity

D.action

E.none of the above

uestion 1 of 40

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Which of the following aspects of daily organizational life significantly impact(s) an employee’s ethical performance?

A.the behaviors of organizational leaders

B.work goals

C.employee performance appraisals

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 2 of 40

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Managers can and should serve as _______________ within the organization.

A.ethical role models

B.authoritarian leaders

C.ombudspersons

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 3 of 40

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Research consistently indicates that the attribute employees most want to see in their managers is:

A.freedom

B.honesty

C.passion

D.hard work

E.none of the above

Question 4 of 40

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The type of ethical role model a manager chooses to be will reflect his/her level of:

A.skill

B.leadership

C.moral development

D.authority

E.none of the above

Question 5 of 40

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According to Torbert’s management role model typology, which of the following management types is most strongly motivated by reward and punishment?

A.opportunist

B.diplomat

C.achiever

D.strategist

E.none of the above

Question 6 of 40

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_____________ refers to the ability to act, create an effect, or wield force.

A.Leadership

B.Power

C.Strength

D.Morality

E.none of the above

Question 7 of 40

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Social psychologists French and Raven have differentiated among five types of power bases individuals can have based on which aspect?

A.status in the organization

B.level of seniority

C.relationship to others in the organization

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 8 of 40

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Power that is formally assigned to an individual, such as through a title or position, is called __________ power.

A.legitimate

B.reward

C.coercive

D.referent

E.expert

Question 9 of 40

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Power that is obtained in a way characterized by the following response is called __________ power: “I’m going to do what that person says because I want to get a bonus and get promoted!”

A.legitimate

B.reward

C.coercive

D.referent

E.expert

Question 10 of 40

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Power obtained by enforcing punishments is called _____________ power.

A.legitimate

B.reward

C.coercive

D.referent

E.expert

Question 11 of 40

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Power obtained because people want to be like you is called _____________ power.

A.legitimate

B.reward

C.coercive

D.referent

E.expert

Question 12 of 40

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Power obtained by being a source of knowledge or skills is called _____________ power.

A.legitimate

B.reward

C.coercive

D.referent

E.expert

Question 13 of 40

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A(n) ______________ leadership style refers to demanding blind submission to someone in authority.

A.authoritarian

B.horizontal

C.referent

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 14 of 40

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Proponents of “Theory X” of management subscribe to the belief that employees are inherently:

A.lazy

B.creative

C.self-directed

D.respected

E.none of the above

Question 15 of 40

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Proponents of “Theory Y” of management subscribe to the belief that employees are inherently:

A.lazy

B.bored

C.self-directed

D.tired

E.none of the above

Question 16 of 40

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Research indicates which of the following types of management systems is associated with higher levels of employee productivity, loyalty, and motivation, all of which contributed to higher profits?

A.Theory X

B.participative

C.authoritarian

D.hierarchical

E.none of the above

Question 17 of 40

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The leadership style known as delegating is typically most useful when an employee possesses which of the following characteristics?

A.high competence and high commitment

B.moderate to high competence and variable commitment

C.low or some competence and low commitment

D.low competence and high commitment

E.none of the above

Question 18 of 40

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According to research on ethical leadership, which of the following characteristics is/are associated with a manager’s reputation for being an ethical leader?

A.being a moral person and moral manager

B.being a good person and a kind person

C.being an authoritarian but fair manager

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 19 of 40

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The term _____________ refers to “the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision making.”

A.moral person

B.moral manager

C.ethical leadership

D.horizontal leadership

E.none of the above

Question 20 of 40

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Ethical leadership has been shown to be associated with which of the following?

A.employee disengagement

B.employee commitment

C.employee misconduct

D.employee expenses

E.none of the above

Question 21 of 40

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Employee ____________ is an emotional bond or attachment an employee has to the work task, organization and its members.

A.morality

B.motivation

C.engagement

D.empowerment

E.none of the above

Question 22 of 40

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Among the most important features employees want in a job are all but which of the following?

A.job security

B.benefits

C.compensation

D.opportunities to use skills

E.none of the above

Question 23 of 40

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Developmental psychologist Abraham Maslow differentiated five categories of _______ that every individual has.

A.management styles

B.morals

C.virtues

D.needs

E.hierarchies

Question 24 of 40

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Individuals typically prioritize __________ over social needs, according to Maslow’s hierarchy.

A.self-actualization

B.physiological

C.self-esteem

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 25 of 40

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Individuals typically prioritize __________ over self-actualization needs, according to Maslow’s hierarchy.

A.physiological

B.self-esteem

C.safety

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 26 of 40

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The work of which theorist complements Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, emphasizing the importance of employees experiencing a need for affiliation and achievement, and adds the element of a need for power or authority?

A.Jeffrey Skilling

B.David McClelland

C.Abraham Maslow

D.Frederick Herzberg

E.none of the above

Question 27 of 40

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Which of the following behaviors is/are associated with employee perceptions of organizational injustice?

A.deviant and retaliatory behaviors from employees

B.de-motivation

C.disengagement

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 28 of 40

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Frederick Herzberg’s work exploring employee motivation suggests that job satisfaction can be described in which of the following ways?

A.linear, in that the presence of some factors results in satisfaction and their lack results in dissatisfaction

B.factors contributing to satisfaction are separate and distinct from those contributing to dissatisfaction

C.motivation factors and hygiene factors contribute equally to good working environments

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

Question 29 of 40

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Job satisfaction factors, called _____________, are related to what people do at work.

A.motivation factors

B.hygiene factors

C.Maslow’s factors

D.Herzberg’s factors

E.none of the above

Question 30 of 40

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Job dissatisfaction factors, called _____________, are related to a bad working environment.

A.motivation factors

B.hygiene factors

C.Maslow’s factors

D.Herzberg’s factors

E.none of the above

Question 31 of 40

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Which of the following is not among the factors impacting job satisfaction?

A.achievement

B.recognition

C.base wage or salary

D.growth

E.none of the above

Question 32 of 40

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Which of the following is not among the factors impacting job dissatisfaction?

A.quality of supervision

B.relationship with boss

C.the work itself

D.relationship with peers

E.none of the above

Question 33 of 40

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Many managers falsely continue to assume that the best way to motivate employees is through _____________ and the threat of disciplinary action.

A.job enrichment

B.recognition

C.achievement

D.financial rewards

E.none of the above

Question 34 of 40

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High levels of employee performance and satisfaction, according to Daniel Pink, result from employees driven to meet basic needs including ___________ (self-direction), mastery (continually learning and creating new things), and purpose (work is a personal cause or mission).

A.autonomy

B.hierarchy

C.authority

D.responsibility

E.none of the above

Question 35 of 40

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The most essential moral value, ____________, is positively associated with employee engagement and occurs when employees perceive fairness in decisions associated with organizational policies, procedures and outcomes.

A.honesty

B.justice

C.patience

D.compassion

E.none of the above

Question 36 of 40

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Scholars distinguish among four forms of organizational justice: procedural, informational, interactional and ___________ justice.

A.fair

B.engaged

C.distributive

D.autonomous

E.none of the above

Question 37 of 40

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___________ justice is associated with fair decision-making processes.

A.procedural

B.informational

C.interactional

D.distributive

E.none of the above

Question 38 of 40

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___________ justice is associated with fair treatment of employees.

A.procedural

B.informational

C.interactional

D.distributive

E.none of the above

Question 39 of 40

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___________ justice is associated with the way information is conveyed.

A.procedural

B.informational

C.interactional

D.distributive

E.none of the above

Question 40 of 40

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___________ justice is associated with the way outcomes are allocated.

A.procedural

B.informational

C.interactional

D.distributive

E.none of the above