AP PSYCH Advanced P - Induction reasons from evidence about some members of a class

Question 11 pts
Induction reasons from evidence about some members of a class in order to draw conclusions about all
members of a class. It is employed in the empirical or scientific method that includes all but one of the
following methods given below. Which method is that?

Analogical and causal reasoning
Following custom, authorities, and tradition
Personal observation
Investigation and testing


Question 21 pts
Hypothesis is a name given to a trial idea, tentative explanation, or working assumption that can be used
to further investigation. Which of the following were hypotheses later proven to be true?

A vaccine might protect people from death from smallpox.
Lightning is simply a big electric spear.
Gravity explains the motions of the planets.
Gravity explains why apples fall from trees.
Question 31 pts
All of the following statements about inductive reasoning are true, except:

Inductive reasoning could help you cook a new dish by carefully following instructions
from a cookbook.
You could use inductive reasoning to put together a picture puzzle if all the pieces were
available, even if there were no box cover to show what the whole picture would look like
when it was finished.
You are out swimming in the ocean and you see some fish with prominent sharp teeth
swimming around you. You know that some fish with sharp teeth are predatory. You take
off without waiting around to see if they might harm you. Your decision is based on
analogous reasoning.
Inductive reasoning is also known as the scientific method.


Question 41 pts
"Major scientific discoveries have resulted from accidents that just happened to be given close attention
by someone who was both a curious skilled observer and an inductive thinker." This quote from the text is
illustrated in the text by:

The story of the discovery of penicillin
The story of the invention of buttermilk

The story of the invention of photocopying
The story of the invention of safety glass


Question 51 pts
After Ben Franklin proved that materials of different colors absorb heat differently, he went on to reason
the people who live in tropical climates should wear white clothing. What inductive method of reasoning
was he using?

He was reasoning entirely from sensory observation
He was reasoning from enumeration
He was using analogical reasoning
He was using logical reasoning
Question 61 pts
This fallacy is an argument that oversimplifies a situation, implying that there are only two choices when
actually there are many.

Hasty generalization
False dilemma
Weak analogy
Questionable statistic


Question 71 pts
This is the fallacy of claiming without sufficient proof that permitting one event to occur would lead to a
chain reaction that could not be stopped.

Slippery slope
Weak analogy
Questionable cause
False dilemma


Question 81 pts
"I would guess that the average office female makes 509 visits to the lavatory to a male's 320, and
spends 10.7 minutes there to a male's 2.5. What management is going to put up with this ‘primp time’
featherbedding at equal pay?" Which of the following is the most accurate statement about this
argument?

This argument favors equal pay for men and women
This argument is supported by questionable statistics

This argument is not fallacious
This argument is not supported by statistics


Question 91 pts
This fallacy is the fallacy of claiming a causal connection between events without reasonable evidence to
support the claim.

False dilemma or either-or
Weak analogy
False cause
Questionable cause


Question 101 pts
"If you offer people unemployment insurance, they will become lazy and expect the government to
support them for life." This is an example of:

A false analogy
A false cause
A loaded question
A slippery slope fallacy