accounting

Module Information Booklet

Taylor’s University

Undergraduate Business Programmes

August Semester 2012

BUS 2104

Management Accounting

CONTENTS

Introduction

Module Overview

Learning resources

Assessments

Resit Assessments

Assessment Offences

Extenuating Circumstances

Assignment Case Study and Guidelines

Module Calendar

Assignment Cover

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INTRODUCTION

WELCOME

Welcome to your studies in Management Accounting.

This module is designed to provide students with an overall understanding of how management accounting information plays a critical role in assisting management in organisational planning, controlling, decision-making and learning. You will also be equipped with the conceptual and practical understanding necessary to use and interpret management accounting information.

Please try not to get behind in this module because each new topic builds upon concepts covered in the previous topics. Hence, if you do not keep up on a weekly basis you will find it difficult at the end of the semester. Management accounting is like mathematics in the way that it builds on earlier learning. Just as you need to be competent at addition to understand multiplication, you need to understand the basic concepts in the earlier topics of this module to be able to grasp the techniques that are used in the later topics.

Remember to undertake all the tutorial questions that have been set for each topic as you proceed through the module. The tutorial questions focus on both the theoretical concepts and the application of these concepts in a practical setting. They are selected to reinforce and test your understanding of the other study materials. Do not leave a large amount of the module to study just before the examinations.

We trust that you will the module interesting and useful in your career later on.

We wish you all the best in your studies and we look forward to joining you on your journey through this introduction to management accounting.

CONTACT DETAILS

Lecturer and Tutor

Ms. Nadiah Soo (Soo Wai Mun)

Block E, Wing A, Level 9, Room 3

Taylor’s University

Tel.: 5629500 Ext. 5670

Email :waimun.soo@taylors.edu.my

Tutor

Mr. James Lu Chee Peng

Block E, Wing B, Level 9, Room 7

Taylor’s University

Tel.: 5629500 Ext. 5683

Email: cheepeng.lu@taylors.edu.my

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MODULE OVERVIEW

MODULE SYNOPSIS

This module is an introduction to the basic techniques of management accounting and its role in the manufacturing and service business environments, and the applications of management accounting techniques to all the organizations. Students will develop the knowledge and understanding of how to prepare, process and interpret basic cost and other management accounting information to support management in planning and decision-making in a variety of business contexts.

PREREQUISITE / ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE

The prerequisite for this module is BUS1104 Introduction to Accounting.

MODULE OBJECTIVES

1. To provide students with an overview of how management accounting information plays a critical role in organisational planning, controlling, decision-making and learning.

1. To equip students with the conceptual and practical understanding necessary to use and interpret management accounting information.

1. To provide an understanding the various costing systems for planning, control and decision making.

1. To develop an understanding on the application of management accounting techniques and its ability to create value added for various organisations, especially in manufacturing and services entities.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon successful completion of this module students should be able to:

1. Describe and appraise the roles of management accounting in planning, control and decision-making.

1. Identify the major differences and similarities between financial and managerial accounting.

1. Using managerial accounting tools for planning and control, with particular emphasis on short term planning.

1. Explain the various costing systems used by organizations for control, planning and decision making and be able to calculate product costs using conventional and contemporary approaches to costing.

1. Identify the information needs and produce financial analyses for a range of decisions such as pricing, product mix and outsourcing.

1. Develop budgets and long-term financial plans.

1. Critically evaluate the role that standard costing plays in planning and control and be able to Calculate and interpret standard cost variances.

1. Apply management accounting techniques and knowledge of product costing and budgeting systems.

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TAYLOR’S GRADUATE CAPABILITIES (“TGC”)

Upon successful completion of this module, a student should be equipped with the following Taylor’s graduate capabilities:

1. Discipline-specific knowledge

Has a sound understanding of foundational concepts and theories in subject area.

2. Cognitive capabilities

i) Foundations and skills for lifelong learning - Learns autonomously; is able to acquire and manage information, comprehends a wide variety of literature and has an awareness of contemporary global issues.

ii) Problem-solving skills- Defines issues or problems well; analyses problems comprehensively;applies knowledge effectively and applies theory to practice; is able to think critically and arrive at workable and effective solutions.

3. Soft skills

i) Communication skills–Speaks and writes well; is able to organize, synthesize and presentinformation effectively.

ii) Interpersonal skills- Understands team dynamics, the power of teams and teamwork; Workswith others in a team; is able to assume leadership in small and/or big groups.

iii) Intrapersonal skills- Manages time effectively; Understands the role of personal image andprofessionalism at work; Works independently in context of tasks to be completed

iv) Cosmopolitan thinking and intercultural competence – Forms opinions and articulates views from a global perspective; Has an awareness of and sensitivity to cross-cultural differences;

v) Technology savvy–Competent in executive keyboarding; Effectively uses ICT and relatedtechnologies

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On completion of this module, students should be able to:

Module Objectives		Taylor’s Graduate Capabilities being developed through the module

TGC1

TGC2(i)

TGC2(ii)

TGC3(i)

TGC3(ii)

TGC3(iii)

TGC3(vi)

TGC3(vi)

1. To provide students with
	an overview of how
	management accounting
	information plays a								X
	critical role in	X			X	X	X	X
	organisational planning,
	controlling, decision-
	making and learning.
2. To equip students with
	the conceptual and
	practical understanding		X	X	X		X		X
	necessary to use and
	interpret management
	accounting information.
3.	To provide an
	understanding the
	various costing systems	X		X	X	X	X	X	X
	for planning, control and
	decision making.
4.	To develop an
	understanding on the
	application of
	management accounting
	techniques and its ability	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
	to create value added for
	various organisations,
	especially in
	manufacturing and
	services entities.

TEACHING AND LEARNING ARRANGEMENTS

This module is delivered in a mixture of lectures, tutorials and on-line materials. Class contact time consists of two hours of lectures and a two-hour tutorial each week. Lectures will begin in week 1 and tutorials will begin in week 2.

Students are expected to spend an extra six hours non-contact time per week engaging in the module.

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UNIT VALUE OF MODULE

4 credit hours

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LEARNING RESOURCES

TEXT

Horngren, C. T., Datar, S. M. and Rajan M.V. (2012), Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis, (Global Edition 14^th Ed.) Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, Essex, England, Pearson Education Limited, ISBN-13 978-0-273-75387-2.

Please ENSURE that your textbook comes with a 12-month student access kit for MyAccountingLab.

OTHER TEXT REFERENCES

Listed below are books which are useful text references to support your learning. You are not required to purchase these books as copies are available in the library for student use.

· Braun, K., Tietz, W., and Harrison, W. (2010), Managerial Accounting (2^nd edition), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall International, ISBN 13-978-0-13-609116-5.

· Drury, C. (2008). Management and Cost Accounting (7^th ed.), Cengage Learning, ISBN-13: 9781844805662.

· Hansen, D., and Mowen, M., (2007) Managerial Accounting, 8^th Edition, Thomson, South-Western, ISBN-13: 9780324376005.

· Garrison, Noreen & Brewer (2012) Managerial Accounting, 14^th Edition, McGraw-Hill, ISBN-13: 9780324376005.

ONLINE SUPPORT

Taylor’s University provides a program website (Blackboard) to allow students convenient access to module resources.

Materials available include:

· Module Information Booklet

· Study Guide

· Lecture slides

· Assignment Cover Sheet

· Assignment Feedback Form

· Other information on the module

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ASSESSMENT

ASSESSMENT SUMMARY

Form of assessment	Length	Weighting	Due date	Learning	TGC Achieved
				Outcomes
				being
				assessed
Preparation of tutorial		5%	During class	1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 &	1, 2(i), 2(ii), 3(i),
	sessions
work, participation and			8	3(iii), 3(iv) & 3(v)
quizzes
Mid-semester test
	90	15%	Week 7	1, 3, 4, 5 & 6	1, 2(i), 2(ii)&
(Topics 1-5)	minutes				3(iii)
Assignment	1,500	30%	Week 9	1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6	1, 2(i), 2(ii), 3(i),
	words				3(iii) & 3(iv)
Group Written Report
Final Examination	3 hours	50%	Exam period	1, 3, 4, 5 & 6	1, 2(i), 2(ii)&
					3(iii)

ASSESSMENT DETAILS

CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT COMPONENT

The continuous assessment component for this module shall comprise of:

· Tutorial work, tutorial participation and ad-hoc quizzes.

· Mid-semester test.

· Assignment.

TUTORIAL WORK, CLASS PARTICIPATION AND QUIZZES (5%)

You are expected to prepare for tutorial on a weekly basis and participate actively in the class. Your tutor will check your work on ad-hoc basis from time to time.

You will also be given short quizzes from time to time. You should be able to answer the questions in the quizzes if you have completed the weekly tutorial work. The aim of the quizzes is to provide feedback on your understanding of the tutorial work. In the event, that you are unable to answer the quizzes, despite having done the tutorial work, you should set consult your tutor as early as possible.

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MID-SEMESTER TEST (15%)

The mid-semester test will consist of only multiple-choice questions. The aims of the mid-semester test are to:

· Test your understanding of the concepts covered in topics 1-5;

· Provide you with feedback on the effectiveness of their approach to studying for this module; and

· Assist you in identifying topics that you are weak in.

The test is a closed-book exam. Only non-programmable calculators and “hard copy” dictionaries are permitted for use in the test. The dictionary must not be enhanced or tampered with in any way. Electronic dictionaries and mobile phones are not permitted. A practice-set for the test can be obtained from the module website.

The test will be held in Week 7. It will be held on the day and time when you normally have the Management Accounting lecture session. The duration of the test is 90 minutes. As the schedule of the test is available at the beginning of the study period it is expected that students will make the necessary arrangements to attend these tests. Students who do not attend the test, without prior approval, will receive a mark of “ZERO” for the test. You will be advised of the exact location of the test by your lecturer at a later date.

Requests by students for consideration of extenuating circumstances must normally be submitted prior to the assessment for which the request is being applied. Should your requests for extenuating circumstances be approved, you may be allowed to sit for a supplementary test. Should your requests for extenuating circumstances be rejected you will be awarded “ZERO” mark for the test. Please see section on Extenuating Circumstances in this booklet for more details.

The test is not redeemable. However, your tutor will discuss the answers to the test in your tutorial class.

ASSIGNMENT (30%)

After graduation you will be required to apply the knowledge you gained at university and keep up-to date with developments in your field of expertise. This assignment has been set to develop your ability to do this. The assignment would require you to apply various aspects of management accounting, give you the experience of working collaboratively and develop your analytical and communication skills.

The assignment is due on 29 October 2012 at 2.00pm. The case study for the assignment and the assignment guidelines are available in the section on Assignment Case Study and Guidelines in this booklet. Please ENSURE that you read the assignment guidelines which outline all the relevant information in relation to submission such as the format, naming protocols for the assignment, due date, penalty for late submission and other specific requirements carefully before working on the case study.

FINAL EXAMINATION (50%)

The aim of the final exam is to test a student’s understanding of and ability to apply various management

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accounting concepts under examination conditions. The final exam is a closed-book exam. Only non-programmable calculators and “hard copy” dictionaries are permitted for use in the exam. The dictionary must not be enhanced or tampered with in any way. Electronic dictionaries and mobile phones are not permitted. The exam shall comprise of calculations, application and structured questions. A practice-set for the exam can be obtained from the module website.

All students are granted only four attempts at a module. However, if you do not attend the finalexamination, it will be deemed that you have forfeited your right to a second attempt (resit). In which case, you will be required to repeat the module and undertake all assessments again (as the third attempt (repeat)). If you do not pass the module in the fourth attempt, you will be excluded from the Dual Award programme.

Please refer to the section on Extenuating Circumstances, should you like to request for consideration on the grounds of extenuating circumstances.

REQUIREMENT FOR PASSING MODULE

To pass this module, you are required to achieve:

· at least 40% for continuous assessments component; AND

· at least 40% for final exam; AND

· an overall of at least 50%.

[ASSESSMENT OFFENCES] – MODULE LEADERS PLEASE PUT THIS IN A SEPARATE SECTION. SEE PAGE 12

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RESIT ASSESSMENTS

OPPORTUNITY TO ATTEMPT RESIT ASSESSMENTS

If you have achieved:

· an overall module mark of less than 50%, or

· a mark below 40% in either the continuous assessment component or the final examination component,

it would mean you have not passed module. In which case, you could be offered a resit attempt for one of the component or for both components, depending on your final results.

To qualify for a resit opportunity, a student must:

· not have exhausted four assessment attempts in this module, AND

· have submitted his/her assessments on time, AND

· have attended the assessments .

However, note that your right to resit could be forfeited if you have committed any assessment offences, did not submit a piece of assessed work on time or failed to attend an assessment.

The mark for a resit component is capped at 50%.

RESIT CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT

The resit assessment for the continuous assessment component shall be in the form of an assignment, with a weighting of 50% of the overall module resit assessments.

The case study for the resit assignment and the assignment guidelines shall be made available on the module webpage in Blackboard after the release of the final results.

RESIT EXAMINATION

The resit exam is a closed-book exam. Only non-programmable calculators and “hard copy” dictionaries are permitted for use in the exam. The dictionary must not be enhanced or tampered with in any way. Electronic dictionaries and mobile phones are not permitted. The resit examination shall comprise of calculations, application and structured questions. The resit examination shall form 50% of the overall module resit assessments.

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ASSESSMENT OFFENCES

You are to use the Harvard referencing styles consistently for all written assessments. Taylor’s University treats any acts of dishonesty relating to assessment of University modules very seriously. It is vital that students acquaint themselves with the University’s policy on assessment offences. Assessment Offences is defined here as passing off the work of others as one’s own including copying (reproducing or imitating), cheating, collusion (agreement to deceive, using words or ideas of colleagues or other students and passing them off as your own), plagiarism and other breaches of assessment or other examination regulations. Cheating, collusion and plagiarism are the use of unfair means of presenting work for assessment; aiding another student in the use of unfair means of presenting work for assessment; or preventing or attempting to prevent another student from being able to be assessed properly. Allegations of and investigations into assessment offences will be dealt with in accordance with the regulations and procedures in force at Taylors University for the module. Where a student is found to have committed an assessment offence a decision must be taken either to take no further action or to impose an appropriate penalty which may include failing the student and determining whether or not the student will be permitted another assessment attempt.

Where it is decided that penalty is to be imposed, the penalty could include one of the following:

a) the mark for the relevant piece of assessment be reduced; or

b) the mark awarded for the relevant piece of assessment be reduced to zero; or

c) the student be deemed to have failed the module, and is not permitted for another assessment attempt for the module.

Please refer to Taylor’s Dual Award Programme Guide for details on Assessment Offences.

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EXTENUATING CIRCUMSTANCES

Extenuating circumstances are circumstances which are unforeseen, unexpected, significantly disruptive and beyond a student’s control. The circumstances must relate to a specific piece of assessment or examination rather than being problems of a kind that affect a year as a whole or parts of it.

A student who is of the opinion that:

· his or her performance in an examination or in other assessed work has been adversely affected by an extenuating circumstance(s), or

· his or her ability to attend an examination has been adversely affected by an extenuating circumstance(s).

could submit an Extenuating Circumstances Form to the Examinations Centre at Taylor’s University. The form must be accompanied by supporting documentary evidence.

Acceptance of extenuating circumstances shall be evaluated on a case to case basis by an Extenuating Circumstances Panel. The decision of the Panel shall be deemed as final.

Circumstances that are unlikely to be accepted as extenuating circumstances include the following:

· personal illness or disability for which special arrangements are already in place.

· colds or know conditions such as hay fever.

· normal examination stress or anxiety experienced during revision or the assessment period (unless corroborated by medical evidence as a chronic condition and undergoing treatment).

· non serious domestic or personal disruptions (eg moving house, change of job, holidays, weddings, normal job pressure, failed travel arrangements, financial difficulties, oversleeping).

· study related circumstances (equipment failure including computing/printer difficulties (unless they occur in the examination itself), failure to have taken back up copies for work stolen or corrupted, bunching of deadlines/examinations, missing books, poor time management, misreading the examination timetable, taking the wrong examination).

(Note: The above list is not exhaustive).

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ASSIGNMENT CASE STUDY AND GUIDELINES

Due date: 2.00pm Monday 29 October 2012

Length: 1,500 words

Weighting: 30%

This assignment must be submitted in a group comprising of 2 students. Groups may be formed between any students enrolled in this course – group members do not need to be in the same tutorial.

Case Study

Kotak Ajaib, a division of Television Kita Corporation, is a manufacturer of two large-screen television models: the Ajaib Tradisional (AT) has been produced since 2004 and the Ajaib Modern (AM), a newer model introduced in early 2010. The senior management at Television Kita Corporation would like a target gross margin of at least 20% for each of the products in all its divisions. Upon reviewing the latest income statement for Kotak Ajaib, the senior management at Television Kita Corporation have decided to concentrate Kotak Ajaib’s marketing resources on the AM model and to begin phasing out the AT model in the coming year.

The budgeted costs and data for year 2012 are as follows:

Budgeted Sales, Production and Selling Price

			AT	AM
	Units to be sold and produced	22,000	4,000
	Price per unit (RM)	600	1,140
Budgeted Direct Materials
			AT	AM
	Raw materials (RM) per unit:
	–	In Assembly Department	158.00	484.00
	–	In Packing Department	50.00	100.00

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Budgeted Direct Labour and Machine Hours

		AT	AM
Direct labour hours per unit:
–	In Assembly Department	75 minutes	192 minutes
–	In Packing Department	15 minutes	18 minutes
Machine hours per unit:
–	In Assembly Department	420 minutes	240 minutes
–	In Packing Department	30 minutes	60 minutes

The average direct labour rate is RM18 per hour for the assembly department and RM10 per hour for the packing department. The average machine hour costs is RM10 per hour for the assembly department and RM5 per hour for the packing department

Budgeted Overhead Costs

Both products are produced in a single plant at the Nilai Industrial Park.

Kotak Ajaib uses a Plantwide rate, with manufacturing overhead being applied on the basis of machine hours.

Kotak Ajaib’s controller, Mr. Azri Idris, has a gut feeling that something is wrong. He has been talking to a few costing experts to explore various options. One of the professors has suggested the use of activity based costing. After reading a few articles and books, he feels that the activity based concept could address many of the issues that he has been seeing at Kotak Ajaib.

He is now advocating the use of activity-based costing to management and has gathered the information about the company’s budgeted manufacturing overhead costs for the year ended December 31, 2012.

He has identified six categories of support systems that were currently being allocated to television production:

		Total Activity	Units of the Cost-
		Costs Per Year	Allocation Base
Activities	Activity Drivers	(RM)	AT	AM
Soldering	Number of solder	942,000	1,185,000	385,000
	points
Shipments	Number of shipments	860,000	16,200	3,800
Quality control	Number of inspections	1,240,000	56,200	21,300
Purchase orders	Number of orders	950,400	80,100	109,980
Machine	Number of production	57,600	176,000	16,000
maintenance	runs
Machine set-up	Number of set-ups	750,000	16,000	14,000

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Azri has determined the units of cost allocation base for each of the products, as follows:

	Total	Units of the Cost-Allocation Base
	Activity
	Costs	AT	AM	Total
Activity Center (Cost Allocation Base)	(RM)
Soldering	942,000	1,185,000	385,000	1,570,000
Shipments	860,000	16,200	3,800	20,000
Quality control	1,240,000	56,200	21,300	77,500
Purchase orders	950,400	80,100	109,980	190,080
Machine maintenance	57,600	176,000	16,000	192,000
Machine set-ups	750,000	16,000	14,000	30,000

After completing the analysis, Azri shows his results to Mr. Simon Lee, the Kotak Ajaib division’s CEO. Simon does not like what he sees, and comments:

“If you show headquarters this analysis, they are going to ask us to phase out the Ajaib Modern line, which we have just introduced. This whole costing stuff has been a major problem for us. First Ajaib Tradisional is not as profitable as we thought, and now Ajaib Modern.

Looking at the ABC analysis, I see two problems. First, we do many more activities than the ones you have listed. If you had included all activities, maybe your conclusions would be different. Second, you used number of setups and number of inspections as allocation bases. The number would be different had you used setup-hours and inspection-hours instead. I know that measurement problems precluded you from using these other cost-allocation bases, but I believe you ought to make some adjustments to our current numbers to compensate for these issues. I know you can do better. We can’t afford to phase out either product.”

Azri knows that the numbers are fairly accurate. As a quick check, he calculates the profitability of AT and AM using more and different allocation bases. The set of activities and activity rates he had used resulted in numbers that closely approximate those based on more detailed analyses. However, he is also aware that a sizeable portion of Simon’s bonus is based on division revenues. Phasing out either product would adversely affect Simon’s bonus.

Azri has a line responsibility to Simon. Simon is responsible for the recommendations of Azri’s increment and bonus at year end. Azri also has a staff responsibility to the Group Financial Controller at Television Kita Corporation. Azri is in a dilemma now. He is feeling severe pressure from Simon to do something about the costing numbers.

Azri decides to seek the advice of Brilliant Consultancy firm. You are working in Brilliant

Consultancy during your internship. You have been asked to analyse Kotak Ajaib’s case and write a business report to the manager in charge of the case in Brilliant Consultancy, Ms. Vanessa Murugam, to assist the latter understand the situation in Kotak Ajaib better. You would need to cover the information listed in the next page in your report.

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Part A: Calculations (Show detailed workings) (38 marks)

1.) Calculate the unit budgeted costs of direct materials for each of the products.

(1 marks)

2.) Calculate the unit budgeted costs of direct labour for each of the products.

(3 marks)3.)Calculate the unit budgeted machine hours and costs of machine hours for each of the

products.

(4 marks)

4.) Calculate the overhead costs allocation rate under the current costing system.

(3 marks)5.)Calculate the unit costs, gross margin and gross margin percentage for each of the products

under the current costing system.

(4 marks)6.)Calculate the costs allocation rate for each of the identified activities using the proposed

activity based costing system.

(6 marks)

7.) Show an overview of the proposed activity based costing system.

(5 marks)

8.) Calculate the total and unit costs for manufacturing overhead for each of the products from the underlying activity cost pools.

(8 marks)9.)Calculate the unit costs, gross margin and gross margin percentage for each of the products

under the proposed activity based costing system.

(4 marks)

Part B: Analytical Discussion (44 marks)

1.) Describe the current cost system including its weaknesses.

(8 marks)2.)Describe the proposed activity based costing system, the benefits from using it, and why

those benefits occur.

(8 marks)3.)Should Kotak Ajaib cease the production of Ajaib Tradisional model andfocus entirely on

the production of the Ajaib Modern model? Discuss thoroughly.

(8 marks)

4.) Comment on the concerns of Mr. Simon Lee’s about the accuracy and limitations of the proposed activity system.

(6 marks)5.)Suggest how Mr. Azri Idris should response to the ethical dilemma that he is facing.

(6 marks)

6.) What recommendations would you make to Kotak Ajaib?

(8 marks)

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Assignment Guidelines

Expectations

The aim of assignment is to reinforce product-costing concepts and develop student’s analytical, problem solving and presentation skills.

Marks will be awarded according to correctness of calculations and soundness of arguments.

Where computations are relevant, you must show ALL calculations clearly.

Note that your report should at all times be focused on and refer to Kotak Ajaib and its circumstances. You should not make general comments (as found in textbooks and other sources), but instead comment on the situation as it exists at Kotak Ajaib. If and where you do not apply your report to the specifics of Kotak Ajaib, you will receive zero marks.

Presentation of Assignment

You are to present your assignment in a formal business report format. Your assignment must contain all elements of a report.You need to organise your report neatly. Design the layout of your report carefully in a way that helps the reader understand the discussion in the report. Use headings and subheadings to help signal to the reader what part of the discussion they are dealing with. A report will normally include all or some of the following sections:

Internal Memorandum

Title page

Table of contents

Executive Summary

Introduction

Body of the Report

Conclusion

Appendices

Reference List

Your assignment must be prepared in at least 1½ line spacing on single sided pages with 1 inch left and right margins, and 1 inch top and bottom margins. The font size for the characters must be at least 11 (Times Roman or Arial).

Length of the Assignment

The report should be limited to a maximum of 1,500 words.Where explanations are necessary,just answer the question as you think is appropriate – do not pad answers, just provide a reasonable response to the question.

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You should include calculations in an appendix to the report, but you should show summaries and/or use the results of the calculations, where appropriate, in the body of the report.

The word count must be printed on the assignment cover sheet. Markers cannot be expected to look for the word count elsewhere. Marks will be deducted if the word count is not on the assignment cover sheet. Marks will be deducted if the assignment exceed the word count by 10% of the word count limit - 10% deduction for every extra 100 words or part of.

Please note that the assignment cover page, memorandum, report cover page, executive summary, the appendix and reference list of your report are not included in the word count.

Referencing and Plagiarism

You need to ensure that you comply with Harvard referencing conventions in preparing this assignment and that plagiarism is not an issue. You are expected to adhere to high standards of academic integrity and all assignments submitted in this course may be checked for plagiarism, using text comparison