Plants are living organisms that exhibit all the characteristics of living organisms. These are living organisms breathing, digesting, excreting, reproducing, etc. One of the key processes is a reproduction, which is a characteristic that enables them to produce new offspring and give rise to their future generations. The genetic makeup determines the mode of reproduction through which it reproduces. Also, the mode of reproduction helps in understanding their exhibited traits. In this guide, we’ll help you read about the main processes involved in reproducing plants.
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Features of Sexual Reproduction in Plants
- Involvement of two parents (male and female)
- Fertilization takes place, forming gametes
- Slow & lengthy process
- Offsprings are different from parents, genetically and physically
Modes of Reproduction in Plants
There are two main modes of reproduction in plants such as:-
Asexual Reproduction
Vegetative parts of the plants give rise to new plants. In this mode of reproduction, there is no fusion of either male or female gametes. The plants only give rise to new plant structures, without the formation of seeds or fruits.
Methods of Asexual Mode of Reproduction
Budding
In this method, the plant body produces an outgrowth called buds. These structures give rise to new plants and grow at a particular site where cell division occurs on the plant body. One of the common processes in budding is grafting.
Vegetative Propagation
It is the process in which the plants give rise to a new plant structure either by a natural method or by artificial. In this method, a garment of the parent body gives rise to offsprings.
Apomixis
It is the process of replacement of sexual reproduction by the asexual mode of reproduction in plants. Hence, the seed formation occurs and the development of embryos without the fusion of male and female gametes.
Fragmentation
It is the process in which the parent body tends to divide into fragments to give rise to new individuals.
Sexual Reproduction
In this method, reproductive parts of the plants like angiosperms give rise to embryos, which grow into new plants. For instance, a flower has both male and female organs, which carries out the fusion of male and female gametes to produce the seeds, which bear the fruit. The produced seeds then germinate and develop into new individual plants.
Methods of Sexual Reproduction
Fertilization
It is a process in which male and female gametes fuse to form an egg in the ovule called a zygote.
Seed Dispersal
Movement, spread, or transport of the seeds away from the parent plant.
Pollination
It is the process of transferring pollen grains from the male anther to the female stigma. The two types of pollination are:-
- Self-pollination
- Cross-pollination
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