There are some foreign particles that enter the body and start fighting with our immune system to alter the entire body functioning. In response to this foreign invasion, the body produces a resistant- protein known as the antibody. These Y-shaped entities assist the immune system in resisting against the unknown attacks of the antigens. Now, for greater effects, these antibodies need certain boosters to stimulate their production. These substances that do so are called vaccines. The prime task of these vaccines is to provide immunity to the body and prevent it against the harmful effects of the viruses. Now before knowing. ‘How long does it take to make a vaccine,’ here is a brief account of its working.
How Does Vaccine Work?
After the imbibition of the vaccines into the body, the work of a vaccine is to train the immune system to identify the pathogens and combat them. When antigens enter the body and disturb its normal working conditions, the vaccines come into the picture. These help the immune system to produce antibodies and boost their production to kill the antigens. To our advantage, the body remembers these actions and auto-generates them the next time any antigen affects the body. There are several types of vaccines that form antibodies against the antigens.
Types of Vaccines
Live Attenuated Vaccines
Measles, Mumps, Rotavirus, and Influenza
Inactivated Vaccines
Polio, Hepatitis A, and Rabies
Subunit /conjugate Vaccines
Hepatitis B, Influenza, Pneumococcal, and Meningococcal
Toxoid Vaccines
Diphtheria and Tetanus
Conjugate Vaccines
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib)
DNA Vaccines
Influenza and Herpes
Recombinant Vector Vaccines
HIV, Rabies, and Measles
To know more about several types of vaccines, follow on:-
Different Types of Vaccines With Related Diseases
How Long Does it Take to Make a Vaccine?
The ideal duration for the making of a vaccine differs on the type. For e.g.:- AIDS vaccine takes 36 months, and COVID-19 is still undiscoverable.
Stage of a Vaccine Development and Testing
Exploratory Stage
- Basic laboratory research
- Lasts 2-4 years
- Formation of antigens
Pre-Clinical Stage
- Use of cell-culture system or tissue-culture to keep the virus safe
- Lasts 1-2 years
IND application
- IND stands for Investigational New Drug
- Submission of an application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FDA takes 30 days for approval
Post Approval Phases
Phase 1 Vaccine Trials
The trial of the vaccine on humans (20-80 approx)
Phase 2 Vaccine Trials
The trail of the vaccine on 100 individuals
Tests the vaccine’s immunogenicity, proposed doses, etc
Phase 3 Vaccine Trials
Access vaccine safety in a large group of people
Phase 4 Vaccine Trails
The trail that the drug companies may conduct after the release of the vaccine
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