PHI 208 Final Exam

Question # 00445178 Posted By: schoolbench Updated on: 12/18/2016 08:30 AM Due on: 12/20/2016
Subject Literary Studies Topic American Literary Tradition Tutorials:
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Questions

1.

Question :

Utilitarianism is a form of what broader kind of ethical theory?

Student Answer:

deontological

consequentialist

trolly problematic

egoistical

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found in section 2.1 of Understanding Philosophy

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 2.

Question :

What does Tom Regan say is the source of inherent value in an individual?

Student Answer:

Individuals have equal inherent value by virtue of being experiencing subjects of a life, i.e. conscious beings whose lives matter to them

We have equal inherent value if we are able to experience pain and pleasure, suffering and misery

We do not all have inherent value; only those that live and abide by moral principles have inherent worth

Different societies have different views about what is right and wrong, so the ‘inherent value’ of individuals is relative

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found on p. 6 of Tom Regan’s “The Case for Animal Rights”

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 3.

Question :

What does Singer say about other philosophers’ attempts to argue that only humans have moral worth?

Student Answer:

That they give a good way to determine who has rights in a way that includes all humans and no animals

That they all say that animals should have rights too

That they come up with unjustified methods to include all humans while excluding all animals from moral consideration

That animals do not have rights because they are not as smart as humans are

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found on p. 7 of Peter Singer’s “All Animals are Equal.”

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 4.

Question :

Which of the following statements is the strongest evidence that the person saying it is a utilitarian?

Student Answer:

Ginny: “Violations of rights are very serious, from the moral point of view.”

Helen: “I agree. It is always immoral to violate someone's rights.”

Ginny: “Well, I wouldn’t say ‘always’. It’s o.k. to violate rights whenever the good you can produce by doing so outweighs the harm you do by violating the person’s rights.”

Kate: “I disagree with both of you. The notion of rights is just a mechanism for the lesser members of society to maintain control over those capable of greatness.”

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found in section 2.1 of Understanding Philosophy and in Mill’s Utilitarianism.

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 5.

Question :

What is Tom Regan’s main criticism of the contractarian approach to ethical duties?

Student Answer:

It works fine for humans without problems, but it has not yet been applied to animals

It ignores the importance of pain and suffering when it comes to ethics

It would allow all kinds of human injustice if a stronger group is able to oppress the members of a weaker group of people

He does not criticize it; he things that contractarianism, if properly understood, represents the most rational approach to ethical problems

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found on p. 2-3 of Tom Regan’s “The Case for Animal Rights”

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 6.

Question :

Which of the following makes it difficult to calculate the utility of an act

Student Answer:

the time frame of the consequences

disagreements about the meaning of pleasure or happiness

determining what constitutes the greatest good

all of the above

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found in section 2.1 of Understanding Philosophy

Points Received:

0 of 1

Comments:

Question 7.

Question :

Which of the following does Peter Singer assert about the principle of equality?

Student Answer:

People should have equal rights because they are factually equal.

People with higher abilities, it stands to reason, should have greater rights.

Different groups of humans should have equal rights if scientific investigation proves that there are no genetic differences in their abilities.

It is a prescription that we should treat people equally regardless of their differing abilities.

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found on p. 2-3 of Peter Singer’s “All Animals are Equal.”

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 8.

Question :

Which of the following does nothappen to pigs on today’s factory farms in the “Meet Your Meat” video?

Student Answer:

They are raised in extreme confinement so dense that they can’t turn around

They are castrated and have tails chopped without pain killers

They are slaughtered quickly and painlessly

Many are quite conscious while being slaughtered

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found at 8:00-12:00 in the video “Meet Your Meat

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 9.

Question :

Which of the following does notdescribe how egg-laying hens are treated in factory farms?

Student Answer:

They are allowed to scratch through dirt and grass looking for seeds and bugs in the fresh open air.

They are kept in such tight confinement that they cannot lift their wings

They are starved into a period of ‘forced molting’

They have their beaks painfully seared off

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found at 2:28 in the video “Meet Your Meat

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 10.

Question :

According to Mill, utilitarian morality holds that:

Student Answer:

If each individual strives to maximize their own happiness, the happiness of all will follow.

Each individual is required to sacrifice their own individual happiness for the happiness of all.

With the right social arrangements and education, individuals can come to associate their own individual happiness with the happiness of all.

Neither the happiness of the individual nor the happiness of all is worth pursuing, since neither is attainable in this life.

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found in John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism, p. 12.

Points Received:

0 of 1

Comments:

Question 11.

Question :

What does Tom Regan say about the cruelty/kindness approach to animal ethics?

Student Answer:

The best way to explain animal ethics is in terms of our obligation to be kind and not cruel to animals

It is inadequate because it is possible to do wrong while being kind, and it is possible to do wrong without being deliberately cruel

It has no relevance to animal ethics because animals are cruel to each other

You have to be cruel to be kind, in the right measure

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found on p. 4 of Tom Regan’s “The Case for Animal Rights”

Points Received:

0 of 1

Comments:

Question 12.

Question :

Which of the following does not happen in the “Meet Your Meat” to animals with diseases or injuries on modern factory farms:

Student Answer:

The meat is allowed to be “USDA pure”

They are killed for growing too slowly

They are generally given immediate veterinary attention

They are taken to slaughter anyway

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found at 4:35, 5:25, 5:58, and 9:34 in the video “Meet Your Meat

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 13.

Question :

According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism takes into account the happiness of:

Student Answer:

only the agent.

only the agent and those the agent cares about.

everyone, but weights the happiness of the agent more heavily.

everyone, and weights everyone’s happiness equally.

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found in John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism, p. 12.

Points Received:

0 of 1

Comments:

Question 14.

Question :

Which of the following does not describe the ways that chickens and turkeys are treated on factory farms, according to the video “Meet Your Meat

Student Answer:

They are raised in their own excrement among corpses of other birds

Some are so crippled from unnatural growth that they are unable to move

They are given ample space to roam and to express their own natural behavior.

They are often beaten with metal rods, which is considered legal by the industry

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found at 0:43 in the video “Meet Your Meat

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 15.

Question :

The philosopher John Stuart Mill recognized the following as a potential problem for utilitarianism

Student Answer:

It holds people to standards that are too high.

It may lead to increased liberty and justice.

It may result in a tyranny of the majority

It may lead people to think independently of religious authority.

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found in section 2.1 of Understanding Philosophy

Points Received:

0 of 1

Comments:

Question 16.

Question :

Which of the following does Tom Regan say about the utilitarian approach to animal ethics?

Student Answer:

It is inadequate because it does not give value to individuals but only to their feelings

It is perfect because it does not allow for discrimination based upon morally irrelevant attributes like race or species

It is wrong because it treats human suffering as more important than animal suffering

It ignores everything that does not have enough ‘utility’ and therefore does not take into account important things that it does not consider ‘useful’

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found on p. 4-5 of Tom Regan’s “The Case for Animal Rights”

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 17.

Question :

Peter Singer’s “basic principles of equality” applied to animals means:

Student Answer:

Animals should be given all the same rights as human beings.

Animals are not entitled to not all the same rights but to an equal consideration of interests.

Animals should not be given the same moral consideration because they are do not have the same power to reason as humans.

Animals do not have rights unless they can demonstrate the same abilities as humans.

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found on p. 4 of Peter Singer’s “All Animals are Equal.”

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 18.

Question :

When faced with the complaint that utilitarianism is a doctrine worthy of pigs, Mill responds that pleasures differ in:

Student Answer:

purity.

quality.

species.

weight.

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found in John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism, pp. 5-6.

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 19.

Question :

What moral theory does Jeremy Bentham (with whom Singer seems to agree) endorse?

Student Answer:

Moral relativism

Anarchism

Utilitarianism

Social Contract Theory

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found on p. 3 of Peter Singer’s “All Animals are Equal.”

Points Received:

1 of 1

Comments:

Question 20.

Question :

What is Tom Regan’s position about the use of animals in research and agriculture?

Student Answer:

Animals should be used whenever it can be proven that the human benefits outweigh the harms caused to the animals

Animals should never be used for medical research or commercial agriculture

Animals should only be used for medical research shown to be beneficial to humanity, never for agriculture

Animals should be used in both medical research and agriculture but should be treated as humanely as possible

Instructor Explanation:

The answer can be found on p. 7-8 of Tom Regan’s “The Case for Animal Rights”

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