reli448 final exam 2017 feb25

Question 1.1. (TCO 1) A common element often found in religions is: (Points : 4)

respect for sculpture.

feelings of wonder.

rules governing meditation.

use of permanent places of worship.

Question 2.2. (TCO 1) The position that argues that we cannot know whether there is a god or not is known as: (Points : 4)

monotheism.

polytheism.

atheism.

agnosticism.

Question 3.3. (TCO 2) Who was the American psychologist who viewed religion as a positive way of fulfilling needs and praised its positive influence on the lives of individuals? (Points : 4)

James Frazer

Carl Gustav Jung

Sigmund Freud

William James

Question 4.4. (TCO 4) Who was the French sociologist who argued that religious behavior is relative to the society in which it is found and that a society will use a religion to reinforce its own values? (Points : 4)

William James

Wilhelm Schmidt

Carl Gustav Jung

Emile Durkheim

Question 5.5. (TCO 4) Name the French thinker who moved away from structuralism towards a technique called destructuralism, which rejects the usual interpretation of religious origins. (Points : 4)

Foucault

Durkheim

Derrida

Levi-Strauss

Question 6.6. (TCO 8) One feature that probably contributed to the rich developments in Hinduism was which of the following? (Points : 4)

the constant invasions of India by foreigners

the frequent floods and fires across India

India's isolation from other areas

India's extensive natural resources

Question 7.7. (TCO 8) The power of a god is often symbolized by: (Points : 4)

lightening bolts.

rings of fire.

animals.

many arms.

Question 8.8. (TCO 9) The moral law of cause and effect that determines the direction of rebirth is: (Points : 4)

ahimsa.

karma.

shakti.

puja.

Question 9.9. (TCO 10) The most accurate descriptor of Jainism is: (Points : 4)

polytheistic.

monotheistic.

atheistic.

nontheistic.

Question 10.10. (TCO 8) The Buddha's first disciples were: (Points : 4)

his wife and child.

his five former ascetic companions.

the great king Ashoka.

members of the warrior-noble class.

Question 11.11. (TCO 8) The Buddhist term for sorrow or suffering is: (Points : 4)

dukkha.

tanha.

anatta.

anichcha.

Question 12.12. (TCO 8) By his teachings, Confucius hoped to: (Points : 4)

counter the influx of Buddhism into China.

produce virtuous people and create a harmonious society.

make a break with the past and focus China on the future.

draw people closer to Tian (Heaven).

Question 13.13. (TCO 8) For Confucius, a person who follows the way of heaven: (Points : 4)

lives close to nature.

is a great warrior.

lives the Golden Mean and avoids extremes.

is meek and humble.

Question 14.14. (TCO 9) According to the Daoists, if one leaves behind desires for individual things, one will: (Points : 4)

die.

be reborn to a better life.

see things differently.

become nameless.

Question 15.15. (TCO 9) In Zhuangzi's (Chuang Tzu's) famous dream, he was not certain that he was not: (Points : 4)

Confucius.

an ox.

a butterfly.

a Daoist.

Question 16.16. (TCO 5) All of the following ancient world religions are minor religions except: (Points : 4)

Shinto.

Buddhism.

Taoism.

Jainism.

Question 17.17. (TCO 11) Shinto is characterized by: (Points : 4)

respect for nature and a centralized religious bureaucracy.

love of beauty but little influence on Japanese art.

love of beauty but few religious rituals.

respect for nature and many religious rituals.

Question 18.18. (TCO 6) Someone inspired by God to speak for him was called a: (Points : 4)

priest.

rabbi.

prophet.

king.

Question 19.19. (TCO 6) A savior figure to be sent by God to bring in God's kingdom is the: (Points : 4)

King.

Suffering Servant.

Messiah.

Prophet.

Question 20.20. (TCO 6) A joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression is: (Points : 4)

Yom Kippur.

Passover (Seder).

Purim.

Hanukkah.

Question 21.21. (TCO 7) Jesus sometimes summed up his teachings in: (Points : 4)

ten commandments.

one commandment.

two commandments.

five commandments.

Question 22.22. (TCO 7) The most Jewish of the Gospels is: (Points : 4)

Matthew.

Mark.

Luke.

John.

Question 23.23. (TCO 6) Like Judaism, Islam forbids: (Points : 4)

eating unleavened bread.

wearing of veils by women.

eating pork.

wearing gold jewelry.

Question 24.24. (TCO 6) The month of fasting, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, is known as: (Points : 4)

Id al-Adha.

Kabah.

Ramadan.

Qur'an.

Question 25.25. (TCO 12) The Baha'is found a messianic figure in: (Points : 4)

a young Persian aristocrat, Baha'u'llah.

an Ethiopian king.

a writer of science fiction.

a Jamaican farmer.

1. (TCO 4) Compare and contrast Carl Gustav Jung's theory about the origin of religions with William James's theory. How do each of these psychologists view religion (positively or negatively)? Next, analyze how the insights of Jung or James might illuminate your religious tradition or the tradition with which you are the most familiar. How would Jung or James understand that tradition? Use specific examples to support your answer (e.g., a specific belief or ritual).

(Points : 50)

Question 2. 2. (TCO 9) Identify and analyze the Three Marks of Reality; in particular, concept of the no-soul doctrine. How do these differ from the Hindu concept of reality? Include enough details to support your answer.

(Points : 50)

Question 3. 3. (TCO 3) Explain and evaluate Anselm's Ontological Argument for the existence of God: God cannot be conceived not to exist. God is that, than which nothing greater can be conceived. That which can be conceived not to exist is not God.

AND it assuredly exists so truly, that it cannot be conceived not to exist. For, it is possible to conceive of a being which cannot be conceived not to exist; and this is greater than one which can be conceived not to exist. Hence, if that, than which nothing greater can be conceived, can be conceived not to exist, it is not that, than which nothing greater can be conceived. But this is an irreconcilable contradiction. There is, then, so truly a being than which nothing greater can be conceived to exist, that it cannot even be conceived not to exist;. and this being you are, O Lord, our God.

So truly, therefore, do you exist, O Lord, my God, that you can not be conceived not to exist; and rightly. For, if a mind could conceive of a being better than you, the creature would rise above the Creator; and this is most absurd. And, indeed, whatever else there is, except you alone, can be conceived not to exist. To you alone, therefore, it belongs to exist more truly than all other beings, and hence in a higher degree than all others. For, whatever else exists does not exist so truly, and hence in a less degree it belongs to it to exist. Why, then, has the fool said in his heart, there is no God (Psalms xiv. 1), since it is so evident, to a rational mind, that you do exist in the highest degree of all? Why, except that he is dull and a fool?

Briefly explain and then evaluate this proof for the existence of God.

(Points : 50)

Question 4. 4. (TCO 11) Identify and analyze three basic patterns in indigeneous religions. Use examples from traditional Hawaiian religion to support your answer.

(Points : 50)