PSYCH 201 Exam 3 Modules 12-15

Question 1          Whenever Olivia watches a television commercial featuring food, she is driven by a desire to eat. These feelings of hunger stimulate Olivia to go to the kitchen and search for food. Olivia's behavior can be studied by conducting research in the area of

Question options:

intuition.

motivation.

sensation.

perception.

Question 2         

Dan walks out of an air-conditioned room into the heat of a summer day, and his body releases excess heat by sweating. This is because of

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intrinsic motivation.

self-determination.

homeostasis.

self-actualization.

Question 3          At the age of 33, Ricky is a senior partner in a law firm. He lives alone in his apartment and does not find the time to socialize. He has a lavish home with an elaborate security system, and he owns a luxurious sports car. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following can best explain Ricky's discontentment with life?

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Ricky's physiological needs are not being met.

Ricky's need for belongingness is not being met.

Ricky's esteem needs are not being fulfilled.

Ricky does not feel safe at home.

Question 4          The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is

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esteem.

self-actualization.

belongingness.

safety.

Question 5          From the perspective of self-determination theory,

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the capacity for growth and fulfillment is absent in certain individuals and is likely to be acquired during adulthood.

the organismic needs necessarily arise from deficits.

an essential aspect of healthy functioning is actively engaging in behaviors that are self-directed.

serving the organismic needs is unlikely to affect the well-being of individuals.

Question 6          Marsha does a good job because she knows that her performance will result in a bonus if she meets her goals. Georgia does a good job because she feels a sense of accomplishment when she meets her goals. Both women do the same kind of work. Who is most likely to perform better?

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Marsha is most likely to perform better.

Georgia is most likely to perform better.

They both will perform equally well.

Marsha is more likely to perform better but also likely to feel more bored with her work.

Question 7Jennifer has a zestful, optimistic, and energetic approach toward life. She believes that brisk walking while listening to songs on her iPod is the best way to cope with anger and frustration. She is likely to brighten up a dull, lifeless gathering by cracking jokes. In this scenario, Jennifer is most likely to score high on

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resilience.

self-efficacy.

self-regulation.

autonomy.

Question 8          The Cannon-Bard theory suggests that after witnessing a shocking event, a person will

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first experience shock and then be motivated to turn away.

be motivated to turn away and will then experience shock.

experience increased heart rate and rapid breathing as a result of anxiety.

experience physical and emotional reactions simultaneously.

uestion 9             Courtney reads psychology books because she is fascinated by the subject. She really enjoys learning about new approaches to psychology. In this scenario, Courtney is being driven by

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extrinsic motivation.

intrinsic motivation.

external attribution.

self-actualization.

Question 10        Which of the following is a belief of the psychodynamic perspectives on personality?

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A person's personality can be truly understood by focusing exclusively on his or her behavior.

The enduring patterns that make up personality are largely unavailable to an individual's conscious awareness.

Individuals have the ability to control their lives and to achieve what they desire.

Personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristic responses.

Question 11        According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development, which of the following best indicates that 23-year-old Elliot is fixated at the phallic stage?

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He is extremely disorganized.

He is overtly flirtatious.

He loves bathroom humor.

He is addicted to alcohol.

Question 12        According to Carl Rogers, the standards people must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others are called

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archetypes.

illusory conjunctions.

humours.

conditions of worth.

Question 13        According to the five-factor model of personality, which of the following individuals exhibits the trait of openness to experience?

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Sarah, who resigns from her well-paid job and sets up her own business

Phoebe, who donates generously to programs sponsored by her church

Yuna, who experiences more negative states than positive states

Maya, who dresses fashionably and attends weekend parties with her friends

Question 14        The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is an example of a(n) ________ test of personality.

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lexical

observational

projective

empirically keyed self-report

Question 15        Sam's therapist administered the Rorschach inkblot test during their last session. Sam completed a(n) ________ test of personality.

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self-report

projective

observational

empirically keyed

Question 16        ________ is a defense mechanism that involves pushing threatening impulses out of conscious awareness.

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Thanatos

Sublimation

Repression

Fixation

Question 17        Which of the following is true of the trait theories of personality?

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They state that biological differences among individuals are likely to explain differences in their personalities.

They hold that the most important aspects of personality are unconscious.

They state that behavior is best understood as changing across situations.

They stress that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristic responses.

Question 18        You conclude that Carla is a naturally anxious woman. You ignore the fact that Carla is currently working on a tight-deadline project and is spending 100 hours per week at work. You are demonstrating the

Question options:

fundamental attribution error.

universality mistake.

self-serving bias.

availability heuristic.

Question 19        When Claudia gets an A on her psychology exam, she believes that it is because she is an intelligent, hard-working student. However, when she receives a C on the exam, she blames the instructor's ineffective teaching style and poor choice of test questions for her poor performance. Claudia's behavior is an example of

Question options:

learned helplessness.

the self-serving bias.

the false uniqueness effect.

the false consensus effect.

Question 20        Kathy is a member of the VNoItAll group in college. She usually follows her group unconditionally because she wants to be right, and she believes that the other members of her group are likely to know something that she does not. In this scenario, Kathy's behavior best exemplifies

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romantic love.

normative social influence.

companionate love.

informational social influence.

Question 21        Which of the following defines conformity?

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a change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard

behavior that resists the explicit demands of an individual in authority

the ability of a person to overcome a social influence

unselfish interest in helping another person

Question 22        In the context of the psychological factors in conformity, which of the following best describes informational social influence?

Question options:

It refers to the influence people have on an individual because the individual wants to be right.

It refers to how people resist authority when they feel their authority is being threatened.

It refers to the influence people have on an individual because the individual wants to be liked by them.

It refers to the focused interest that some individuals have in influencing others.

Question 23        Milgram's studies are a classic series of experiments by Stanley Milgram that demonstrated the profound power of

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altruism.

persuasion.

obedience.

attraction.

Question 24        The tendency of an individual who observes an emergency to be less likely to help when other people are present than when the observer is alone is known as the

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bystander effect.

Flynn effect.

representativeness heuristic.

availability heuristic.

Question 25        The process by which we come to understand the causes of others' behavior is known as

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deindividuation.

validation.

perception.

attribution.

Question 26        According to the cognitive dissonance theory, when attitudes and behavior conflict, individuals tend to reduce cognitive dissonance by

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changing their attitudes to fit their behavior.

moving on to a different task.

ignoring the conflict.

consulting others.

Question 27        ________ is a subfield of psychology that emphasizes psychology's role in establishing and maintaining fitness and preventing and treating illness.

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Cognitive psychology

Health psychology

Counseling psychology

Forensic psychology

Question 28        Which of the following statements is true of the preliminary hypotheses about the interaction that causes vulnerability to disease?

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Stressful experiences increase the efficiency of the immune system.

Stressful situations make individuals more susceptible to diseases.

Stressful experiences cause the deactivation of dormant viruses.

Stress directly promotes disease-fighting processes.

Question 29        Martha likes her new job, but her workplace is far from her home. She spends a lot of time driving every day. Traffic is normally quite heavy, and Martha is experiencing a great deal of stress. Telling herself to relax, listen to music, and to enjoy "alone time" in the car rather than dreading the commute would be an example of

Question options:

emotion-focused coping.

problem-focused coping.

social sharing.

repressive coping.

Question 30        Which of the following statements is true of stress-management programs?

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Effective stress-management programs exclude cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Coping effectively with stress is essential for good mental health but extremely harmful for good physical health.

Establishing healthy habits and evaluating and changing behaviors that interfere with good health help avoid the damaging effects of stress.

Many organizations have become less motivated to help their workers cope with the stressful circumstances due to the cost of stress-management programs.

Question 31        Which of the following statements is true of coping with stress?

Question options:

Hardness increases stress and makes it difficult for a person to cope with it.

A sense of personal control is associated with ineffective coping.

Multiple strategies often work better than a single strategy to effectively cope with stress.

People who see problems as threats rather than as challenges cope with stress effectively.