general business data bank
1. Which is the earliest component of gender identification to be achieved?
a. gender-role standards
b. gender label
c. gender constancy
d. gender preference
2. Some parents believe that boys should be assertive and girls should try to please others. This is an example of ____________________.
a. a gender-role standard
b. a gender label
c. a gender preference
b. none of these
3. Which of the following theories views moral behavior as a result of repeated associations between valued behavior and reinforcements?
a. learning theory
b. psychoanalytic theory
c. cognitive-developmental theory
d. social-role theory
4. Cognitive developmental theorists and learning theorists agree that which of the following guides a very young child’s moral judgments?
a. conscience
b. empathy
c. rewards and punishments
d. a sense of justice
5. When children see rules as a product of cooperative agreements, they are said to have achieved a level of ____________________ morality.
a. schematic
b. heteronomous
c. autonomous
d. overt
6. A toddler offers her own favorite cuddly blanket to her father when he hurts his leg. This is an example of which type of empathy?
a. empathy for another’s feelings
b. egocentric empathy
c. empathy for another’s life conditions
d. global empathy
7. Which statement best reflects a 4 to 6 year old child’s social perspective-taking ability? Early-school-age children __________________.
a. assume that everyone involved views a situation just as they do
b. realize that people can take each other’s point of view into account before they decide to act
c. realize that all the people involved in the situation may see it differently
d. all of these are correct
8. Research indicates that one consequence for children of viewing televised violence may be _____________.
a. an increase in the child’s dislike of violence
b. an increase in the child’s repertoire of aggressive behaviors
c. a decrease in the child’s need to be aggressive
d. an increase in the child’s fear of his/her father
, B
9. Which of the following may be considered an example of how television could promote optimal development?
a. watching television might lead to expectations that problems can be easily solved
b. watching television might lower a child’s self-esteem
c. watching television might reduce a child’s social interactions
d. watching television might help children experience empathy for others
10. Which of the following is a consequence of watching television?
a. It decreases participation in community and recreational activities.
b. It helps children view the world as a safe, caring place.
c. It increases social interaction.
d. It decreases interest in commercial products such as toys, candy, and cereal.
11. The text treats the ___________ as a theory that links a person’s understanding about the nature of the world, the nature of the self, and the meaning of interactions between the self and the environment.
a. reward structure
b. gender preference
c. superego
d. self-concept
12. William James differentiated the “I” and “me” as the components of the self. What is the “me”?
a. the self as knower
b. the self that imitates behavior
c. the self that reflects upon its own qualities
d. the self as an object that can be described by others
13. Which of the following statements about group play is most accurate?
a. Group games require a referee or umpire in order to be played fairly.
b. Group games usually involve a fantasy element.
c. Group games require strict division of roles and responsibilities.
d. Group games usually involve opposing teams.
14. Group games permit children to shift roles. This contributes to the development of _________.
a. out-group attitudes
b. perspective-taking skills
c. self-esteem
d. concrete operational thought
15. Which of the following statements about friendship during the early school age period is most accurate?
a. Children of this age rarely argue or quarrel during play.
b. Boys and girls usually play together.
c. Boys and girls tend to pick friends of the same sex.
d. Friendships are based on loyalty and trust.
16. Which of the following is the best definition for the psychosocial concept of initiative?
a. sense of pride in a job well-done
b. active investigation of the environment
c. anxiety caused by having violated a cultural norm
d. a caring orientation toward relationships
17. What is an adaptive outcome of experiencing guilt?
a. curiosity and experimentation
b. a sense of remorse and attempts to set things right
c. intensive self-blame and feelings of worthlessness
d. there is no adaptive outcome related to experiences of guilt
18. Which term refers to the psychological mechanism that signals when a violation of a forbidden behavior or thought is about to occur?
a. fixation
b. guilt
c. phobia
d. mistrust
19. Which of the following motives for parental identification is aroused by the following statement: “You and your father have the same sense of humor.”
a. perceived similarity
b. fear of loss of love
c. identification with the future
d. identification with the aggressor
20. Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a motive for parental identification?
a. need for status
b. identification with the aggressor
c. fear of loss of love
d. fear of failure
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Rating:
5/
Solution: general business data bank