Albizu PSY202 Final Exam Latest 2023
Albizu PSY202
Psychology Of Personality Final Exam
QUESTION 1
Bandura's concept of __________ describes the mutual influences of the person, the environment, and behavior.
a. attentional processes
b. self-regulation
c. reciprocal determinism
d. symbolic coding
QUESTION 2
The concept of reciprocal determinism involves all of the following variables except which one?
a. behavior
b. environment
c. person
d. society
QUESTION 3
A person high in self-efficacy
a. is high in overall intelligence.
b. believes he or she can act effectively in a situation.
c. is popular.
d. is healthy.
QUESTION 4
Outcome expectations are
a. the same as self-efficacy.
b. beliefs about how much effort is required to achieve a desirable outcome.
c. beliefs about what will happen if a behavior is performed.
d. not important in Bandura's theory.
QUESTION 5
Students high in self-efficacy
a. get better grades.
b. give up easily.
c. don't need to study very much.
d. are more anxious about tests.
QUESTION 6
A baseball player who repeatedly practices batting a ball, trying to improve, is working on the __________ phase of learning.
a. attentional
b. retention
c. motor reproduction
d. motivational
QUESTION 7
Bandura expanded learning theory by his work on the importance of
a. extinction.
b. generalization.
c. modeling.
d. punishment.
QUESTION 8
Learning by watching models is called
a. extinction.
b. spontaneous recovery.
c. transitory learning.
d. vicarious learning.
QUESTION 9
In his studies of aggression, Bandura found that
a. children are most aggressive when they are tired.
b. children are most aggressive when they are with their siblings.
c. children can learn aggressive behavior by watching adult models in a film.
d. children can learn aggression by watching television news programs.
QUESTION 10
In his studies of film-mediated aggression, children watched models behave aggressively toward
a. other adults.
b. children.
c. animals.
d. a Bobo doll.
QUESTION 11
Bandura recommends that self-efficacy should be measured
a. globally.
b. separately for each area of behavior.
c. by projective tests.
d. by an interview.
QUESTION 12
Bandura's research suggests that parents who wish to have children who aim for high goals should
a. model high standards for behavior.
b. punish low performance.
c. tell their children about the difficulties of the real world.
d. be nurturant.
QUESTION 13
Rogers regarded the fundamental motivation to be
a. the actualizing tendency.
b. the need for security.
c. interpersonal needs.
d. sexual needs.
QUESTION 14
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a fully functioning person, according to Rogers?
a. adaptation to others' expectations
b. openness to experience
c. the experience of freedom
d. creativity
QUESTION 15
Within each person, inner experience signals what is growth-producing. Rogers called this experience __________.
a. conscience
b. self-actualization
c. incongruence
d. the organismic valuing process
QUESTION 16
If a person is "incongruent,"
a. medical, rather than psychological, help is needed.
b. the real self and the ideal self are in conflict.
c. it is a sign of mental health.
d. psychological tests must be given orally, rather than in writing.
QUESTION 17
If the ideal self and the real self do not match, Rogers said
a. they are "incongruent."
b. we should strive toward the ideal self.
c. we should try to overcome the real self.
d. a person is self-actualized.
QUESTION 18
In conditional positive regard,
a. love is given only for "good" behavior.
b. self-examination occurs only when conditions are right.
c. children are neglected.
d. the real self is trusted more than the ideal self.
QUESTION 19
Unconditional positive regard means loving someone __________.
a. because you yourself feel loved
b. regardless of that person's behavior
c. unwisely
d. without considering the consequences
QUESTION 20
Jeffrey has just broken a window. Which statement illustrates his parents' unconditional positive regard?
a. "You must pay for the window, however much it costs."
b. "You won't be allowed to play baseball for a week."
c. "That happened to me once, when I was a kid."
d. "I love you anyway."
QUESTION 21
Rogers called his therapy groups "__________."
a. encounter groups
b. T-groups
c. sensitivity groups
d. family constellation groups
QUESTION 22
The leader of an encounter group is called a
a. "leader."
b. "facilitator."
c. "resource person."
d. "trainer."
QUESTION 23
Rogers criticized parents for
a. being overly permissive.
b. fighting in front of their children.
c. not loving their children enough.
d. making their love depend on their children's good behavior.
QUESTION 24
Conditional positive regard causes a person to lose touch with the __________.
a. ideal self
b. real self
c. social self
d. all of the above
QUESTION 25
What does Rogers recommend that parents provide for their children?
a. conditions of worth
b. conditional positive regard
c. unconditional positive regard
d. a good education
QUESTION 26
Rogers called his therapeutic method
a. revised psychoanalysis.
b. client-centered therapy.
c. individualized therapy.
d. self-actualization therapy.
QUESTION 27
Abraham Maslow's theory emphasizes
a. social determinants of behavior.
b. learning.
c. scientific methodology.
d. the most healthy individuals.
QUESTION 28
Maslow's theory is sometimes called
a. individual psychology.
b. person-centered theory.
c. third force psychology.
d. behavioral psychology.
QUESTION 29
In order of their emergence, the needs in Maslow's hierarchy are
a. physiological, safety, esteem, love, self-actualization.
b. physiological, esteem, safety, love, self-actualization.
c. physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization.
d. safety, physiological, love, esteem, self-actualization.
QUESTION 30
The highest need on Maslow's hierarchy of needs is
a. creativity.
b. self-esteem.
c. self-actualization.
d. love.
QUESTION 31
At the lower levels of the hierarchy of needs, people are motivated by
a. fear.
b. conscious goals.
c. unmet basic needs.
d. neurotic conflict.
QUESTION 32
Which of the following is an example of the second level of the need hierarchy?
Military personnel, away from home for many weeks, are sexually frustrated.
Children in drought-stricken Africa are dying of starvation.
A.The football quarterback is embarrassed that he fumbled a catch.
B.People are evacuated from a building because of a bomb threat.
QUESTION 33
Which of the following illustrates B-motivation?
a. jealousy
b. beauty, truth, and justice
c. focused attention
d. business
QUESTION 34
Which of the following characteristics is typical of D-love?
a. independence for both partners
b. facilitation of each partner's growth
c. jealousy
d. self-actualization
QUESTION 35
In his survey of 3,000 college students, about how many did Maslow find whom he considered to be self-actualized?
a. one student
b. two percent (60 students)
c. ten percent (300 students)
d. fifty percent (1500 students)
QUESTION 36
Which of the following methods did Maslow use most often in his study of self-actualized people?
a. experimentation
b. multivariate correlational studies
c. surveys
d. indirect observation
QUESTION 37
What phrase best describes a peak experience?
a. a mystical, altered state of consciousness
b. a moment when achievement seems easy (though the experience may be misleading)
c. a "personal best" performance
d. the time in middle age when mental health is highest, before the inevitable declines of old age
QUESTION 38
Which of the following is not listed by Maslow as a characteristic of self-actualized people?
a. optimism
b. spontaneity
c. peak experiences
d. humility
QUESTION 39
According to Allport, the basic unit of personality is the
a. ego.
b. interpersonal style.
c. trait.
d. proprium.
QUESTION 40
Allport described __________ traits as traits that are possessed by only one person.
a. central
b. cardinal
c. common
d. individual
QUESTION 41
Allport was committed to traits understood from the __________ point of view.
a. biological
b. idiographic
c. nomothetic
d. psychoanalytic
QUESTION 42
Arranged in order from most pervasive to least pervasive in an individual's personality, Allport describes these traits:
a. secondary, central, cardinal.
b. central, secondary, cardinal.
c. cardinal, secondary, central.
d. cardinal, central, secondary.
QUESTION 43
Nearly everyone who knows Harry agrees that he is friendly. "Friendly" is probably a __________ for Harry.
a. cardinal trait
b. secondary trait
c. central trait
d. primary trait
QUESTION 44
Allport's term, proprium, corresponds most closely to which of the following terms?
a. neurosis
b. social influence
c. the self
d. the superego
QUESTION 45
Cattell was born and attended college in
a. China.
b. Ireland.
c. England.
d. the United States.
QUESTION 46
A statistical technique for determining a smaller number of dimensions in a data set with a large number of variables is called
a. analysis of variance.
b. correlation.
c. factor analysis.
d. path analysis.
QUESTION 47
Cattell studied all of the following except
a. D-data.
b. L-data.
c. Q-data.
d. T-data.
QUESTION 48
Cattell claimed that his 16PF measures
a. adjustment.
b. the surface traits of normal personality.
c. the source traits of normal personality.
d. the effect of heredity on personality.
QUESTION 49
The Big Five factors provide a model of
a. the major forms of mental disorders.
b. the major factors of personality.
c. the history of personality theory.
d. the major criteria for evaluating personality theories.
QUESTION 50
Which of the following is not one of the Big Five factors of personality?
a. Extraversion
b. Neuroticism
c. Openness
d. Aggressiveness
QUESTION 51
Allport defined personality as "the dynamic organization within the individual of those __________ that determine his __________."
a. traits; mental health
b. significant attachments; social interactions
c. psychophysical systems; unique adjustments to the environment
d. physical characteristics; individuality
QUESTION 52
Which statement best describes Allport's attitude toward biological influences on personality?
a. Will power is so important that biology plays no part in personality.
b. Biological influences determine most of personality.
c. Biological influences, along with psychological influences, are important determinants of personality.
d. Biological influences explain mental illness, but not variations in normal personality.
QUESTION 53
Allport's theory of personality emphasizes
a. consistency.
b. the self.
c. social influence.
d. all of the above
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Solution: Albizu PSY202 Final Exam Latest 2023