{"id":8930,"date":"2020-08-08T05:49:27","date_gmt":"2020-08-08T05:49:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/?p=8930"},"modified":"2023-01-11T00:37:57","modified_gmt":"2023-01-11T08:37:57","slug":"how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re about to write a research paper, thesis, or dissertation, you\u2019ll have to do a case study, but how? Here are five easy ways to follow. Whether you\u2019re a freshman, sophomore, or doing Ph.d. in your field of study, writing research paper will be an integral part of your syllabus. So, to research the information that you\u2019ll include in your paper, you\u2019ll have to do various case studies. This researched information will help you have a comparative study on the topic chosen for your research paper. Here is the complete for you to know how to do a case study like a professional.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Also read:-<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/blog\/how-to-write-a-research-paper-a-step-by-step-guide\/\">How to Write a Research Paper | A Step-by-Step Guide<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><strong>What are Case Studies?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Case studies are researched, and recorded information that describes compares or evaluates the various aspects of a research topic. A student has to do a case study in the course of doing some sort of research work for their college projects. Doing case studies gives students a chance to explore the various aspects of the concerned topic and collect in-depth knowledge of it. More so, there are about four main types of case studies that include social, educational, clinical, and business research.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Steps to Do a Case Study<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>STEP 1# GET STARTED\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first step in doing a case study is the selection of the topic that does justice to the niche of your research work. The next task is to develop a problem statement and research question for the case study. This will form the basis of the case study and will give you a directional approach to do it. The two types of formats include outlying and representative research studies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determine the type, design, style, and format of the case study that\u2019ll appeal to your audience<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choose a good topic for your case study<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Search for relatable source matter and publication works<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>STEP 2# Preparation of the Interview<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The second step in knowing how to do a case study is to identify the various angles to the case in concern. The entire information that you outsource for your studies depends on the compelling angles that you undertake.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Try to come in contact with people you can interview for your case study<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make a set of questions to interview that\u2019ll help you in writing your paper<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>STEP 3# Collect and Analyze the Data<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The third step in doing a case study is to create an entire theoretical framework. By connecting the case study theory, you\u2019ll get to review the related sources and describe the case well. This step involves a lot of analysis and interpretation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collect all the applicable data such as documents, records, and observations in one place<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make a thesis-like statement with the common ideas by going through the entire collected data<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>STEP 4# Write Your Case Study\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fourth step is to use the collected comparative data and write the case study. While writing, make sure that the methods, results, and discussions used for your case study involve detailed information of it throughout.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using the thesis-like statement, filter out the main themes and ideas and use to in your case study<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Add references and in-citations throughout the case study<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Edit and proofread the final document\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you\u2019re about to write a research paper, thesis, or dissertation, you\u2019ll have to do a case study, but how? Here are five easy ways&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8931,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[318],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this guide, you\u2019ll get to know how to do a case study in 4 easy steps. Make a case study that will help you write a research paper like professionals.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this guide, you\u2019ll get to know how to do a case study in 4 easy steps. Make a case study that will help you write a research paper like professionals.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Homework Minutes - Infographics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-08T05:49:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-11T08:37:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/How-to-Do-a-Case-Study.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"599\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1753\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"I J\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"I J\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"I J\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#\/schema\/person\/dc3f0d2158b045d4add6119255aba8d0\"},\"headline\":\"How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-08T05:49:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-11T08:37:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/\"},\"wordCount\":554,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/How-to-Do-a-Case-Study.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Case Study\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Learning\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/\",\"name\":\"How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/How-to-Do-a-Case-Study.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-08T05:49:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-11T08:37:57+00:00\",\"description\":\"In this guide, you\u2019ll get to know how to do a case study in 4 easy steps. Make a case study that will help you write a research paper like professionals.\u00a0\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/How-to-Do-a-Case-Study.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/How-to-Do-a-Case-Study.jpg\",\"width\":599,\"height\":1753,\"caption\":\"How-to-Do-a-Case-Study\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/\",\"name\":\"Homework Minutes - Infographics\",\"description\":\"Engaging, fresh and highly informative infographics. Grasp and grow!\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Homework Minutes - Infographics\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/logo-homework-minutes.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/logo-homework-minutes.png\",\"width\":190,\"height\":60,\"caption\":\"Homework Minutes - Infographics\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#\/schema\/person\/dc3f0d2158b045d4add6119255aba8d0\",\"name\":\"I J\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f792a1eec003f54274933d100a78bde3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f792a1eec003f54274933d100a78bde3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"I J\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow","description":"In this guide, you\u2019ll get to know how to do a case study in 4 easy steps. Make a case study that will help you write a research paper like professionals.\u00a0","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow","og_description":"In this guide, you\u2019ll get to know how to do a case study in 4 easy steps. Make a case study that will help you write a research paper like professionals.\u00a0","og_url":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/","og_site_name":"Homework Minutes - Infographics","article_published_time":"2020-08-08T05:49:27+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-11T08:37:57+00:00","og_image":[{"width":599,"height":1753,"url":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/How-to-Do-a-Case-Study.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"I J","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"I J","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/"},"author":{"name":"I J","@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#\/schema\/person\/dc3f0d2158b045d4add6119255aba8d0"},"headline":"How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow","datePublished":"2020-08-08T05:49:27+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-11T08:37:57+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/"},"wordCount":554,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/How-to-Do-a-Case-Study.jpg","keywords":["Case Study"],"articleSection":["Learning"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/","url":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/","name":"How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/How-to-Do-a-Case-Study.jpg","datePublished":"2020-08-08T05:49:27+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-11T08:37:57+00:00","description":"In this guide, you\u2019ll get to know how to do a case study in 4 easy steps. Make a case study that will help you write a research paper like professionals.\u00a0","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/How-to-Do-a-Case-Study.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/How-to-Do-a-Case-Study.jpg","width":599,"height":1753,"caption":"How-to-Do-a-Case-Study"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/how-to-do-a-case-study-4-easy-steps-to-follow\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How to Do a Case Study: 4 Easy Steps to Follow"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/","name":"Homework Minutes - Infographics","description":"Engaging, fresh and highly informative infographics. Grasp and grow!","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#organization","name":"Homework Minutes - Infographics","url":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/logo-homework-minutes.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/logo-homework-minutes.png","width":190,"height":60,"caption":"Homework Minutes - Infographics"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#\/schema\/person\/dc3f0d2158b045d4add6119255aba8d0","name":"I J","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f792a1eec003f54274933d100a78bde3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f792a1eec003f54274933d100a78bde3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"I J"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8930"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8930"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10750,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8930\/revisions\/10750"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/infographics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}